名詞及主謂一致用法和練習

1、第二講.名詞和主謂一致主語與謂語在人稱、數(shù)上取得一致的情況：1.主語為單數(shù)第三人稱時，謂語要變單數(shù)，即加“ S"如如: reads, sits 注意特例：1-s, -ss, -o, -x, -sh, -ch 結(jié)尾的詞要加 一es如:misses, kisses, does, fixes, brushes, astonishes, scratches 2元音字母+ y結(jié)尾+ s；輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾，要變成輔音字母+ ies；如口： says, sprays, delays, flies, studies,3一 fe, f結(jié)尾的詞尾要變成 一ves如口： strife 爭吵，stuff

2、填塞，puff 喘氣，名詞的變化(1)名詞的數(shù)1)可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式類別多數(shù)情況規(guī)那么少數(shù)情況不規(guī)那么多數(shù)可數(shù)名詞力卩一s,如口： egg eggs bike bike sfilm film stest test schild child renox oxen； foot - feet ； tooth - t eeth ； mouse nice； louse l i ce； crisis cris es ； basis bases ； emphasis-emphases, thesis-theses, analysisanalyses ； medium media ； datum data ；

3、 phe nomenon phe nomena ； bacterium bacteria, criteri on criteria以 s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名 詞加一es,如口： glass-glass es fox-fox es； church church es;watch-watch es bush-bushes詞尾ch發(fā)k音時，加-s構(gòu)成復數(shù)名詞，如：stomachs以“輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的可 數(shù)名詞變“y為“i 再加“es 如：baby babies ability abilit ies以“元音字母+ 丫結(jié)尾的可 數(shù)名詞加一s,如口： monkey- mon keysKe

4、y keys ； boy boys以“0結(jié)尾的 可數(shù)名詞力卩一es,女口： hero hero esPotato potato es tomato tomatoes1.加一s,女口： auto, photo, memo, kilo, shampoo, radio, zoo, piano 2.加一s 或 es,女口： buffalo buffalo (e)svolcano volcano (e)scargo cargo (e)s以“ f 或“fe 結(jié)尾的 可數(shù)名詞變“f 或 “fe 為 “v 再加“ es ,如: life liv es； leaf lea ves1. 加一s, 如: serf,

5、 chief, gulf, roof, cuff, cliff, proof, safe, belief, relief， cuff 2. 加-s或變“ f 或“ fe 為“v加“ es皆可,如: scarf scarf s (scar ves) han dkerchief handkerchief s(handkerchie ves)2）既可作可數(shù)名詞又可作不可數(shù)名詞的名詞有些名詞屬兼類名詞，作可數(shù)名詞時表示具體事物，作不可數(shù)名詞時表 抽象概念。- Tom rented a single room to prepare for the coming exam. room為可數(shù)名詞湯姆租了一個

6、單人間準備即將到來的考試。-Your essay is wellwritten as a whole, yet there is still someroom for improveme nt.room為不可數(shù)名詞雖然你的文章寫得不錯，但還有需要改良的余地。這樣的名詞有：experie nee可數(shù)為“經(jīng)歷'，不可數(shù)為“經(jīng)歷；beauty可數(shù)為“美人"，不可數(shù)為“美"丨；office 可數(shù)為“辦公室"，不可數(shù)為 “公職"；success可數(shù)為“成功的人/物"，不可數(shù)為“成功"；judgment 可數(shù)為“判決，不可數(shù)為“判斷；se

7、curity 可數(shù)為“證券，不可數(shù) 寸“平安等。3）復合名詞復數(shù)形式的特殊情況一般說來，以不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復合名詞無復數(shù)形式，如：homework,su nlight;以可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復合名詞只將其中的主體名詞變?yōu)橄鄳膹蛿?shù)，女口： bedrooms, bookshelves, housewives, fathers-in-law。此外，我們還需留意復合名詞復數(shù)形式的如下特殊情況：類別復數(shù)形式基數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞其中名詞一律用單數(shù)，如：aten-year-old girl;a 200 mile long road ； a five-foot-high boy以 man, woman, gent

8、leman 等為修飾詞的復合名詞其中所有名詞都用復數(shù)，如：menserva nts;wome nreporters;gentlemen drivers 。但是，要說 girlboystude nts ，以及 Germa ns, huma ns, Roma ns, Norma ns少數(shù)復合名詞：可數(shù)名詞+介詞短語名詞后力廿-s，女口 comrades-in-arms;passers-by詞尾力廿-s，如：take-offs; go-betweens動詞/ed分詞+副詞動詞-ing 形式后加 -s，如： comings-in動詞-ing形式+副詞2. Every/ Each + （單數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)代

9、詞+單數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)代詞）+單數(shù)謂語Every man and woman in this society needs care.Each boy and each girl here works hard.No + （單數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)代詞+單數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)代詞）+單數(shù)謂語No teacher or student in this school is allowed to disobey the rules.No teacher and no stude nt in this school is allowed to disobey the rules.2.集合名詞作主語的三種情況a）有些集合名詞作

10、主語，謂語只能用單數(shù)形式furn iture, equipme nt, jewellery, sce nery, cloth ing, bedd ing, 2有些集合名詞作主語，謂語只能用復數(shù)形式people, folk, police, cattle, militia, poultry, mankind 3有些集合名詞作主語，看作整體謂語只能用單數(shù)形式，看作全體成員， 謂語需用復數(shù)形式。team, club, family, class, audienee, group, committee, government, cab in et, board, couple, army, jury,

11、 party, staff, faculty, pers onn el, union,public,The government has made a decision to eliminate drug-abusing.The government arearguing about the passing of a new law.The family has lived here for 50 years.The family are going abroad for a holiday.4. 由 both and 連接的兩個名詞或代詞， 謂語用復數(shù)， 但是，由 either or ， n

12、either nor， or ，not only but also 連接的兩個名詞或代詞，或在 There be ， Here be 的倒裝句型中，謂語的單復數(shù)取決于臨近主語。Either you or she is needed to help paint the room.Have neither you nor he been to Tibet?Not only the students but also their teacheris going to see this new film.There is a school and some supermarkets nearby.5.

13、 兩個名詞或代詞由一些詞組相連接，如 as well as, together/ along with, carrying, supported by, accompanied by, besides, apart from, in addition to, but, except, (un)like, no less than, other than 等，謂語需與第一個名 /代詞取 得一致。Jane, unlike her sisters, doesn't like dancing.The teacher, in addition to the students, has seen

14、this film.Tom, no less than Tim, is a promising student.An old woman, supported by two young pioneers, is crossing the street.The club, other than the chairman, are in favor of the plan.6. 表示局部數(shù)量的詞組 of 名詞 謂語構(gòu)造中，謂語的單復數(shù)取決于 名詞： 名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，謂語用單數(shù)；名詞為可 數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式，謂語用復數(shù)。All of the work is done.All of

15、 the studentsare here.The whole of the birthday cake has been eaten.The whole of the muffins have been eaten.None of the coffee is left.None of the telephones work/ works .None of these graduates are/is from parents ' families.None of them are qualified workers.7. What 引導的名詞性從句作主語時，謂語一般用單數(shù)，但假設表語

16、中出現(xiàn)復 數(shù)名詞，那么謂語要用復數(shù)，以與表語取得一致。What he said is right.What the teacher says and does haseffect on his students.What the teacher says and does don'tagree (with each other).What he bought were two balls.What they need badly are creative writers.What I have said and done have nothing to do with you.What

17、 is real to him are the details of his life. 其他名詞性從句作主語，用單數(shù)謂語 Whether he will pass the test is still unknown. How he succeeded remains a secret.Whoare going to visit Mr. Smith is undecided.8. 單個動詞不定式或動名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。To seeisto believe/ Seeing is believing.To plan in advance is a good thing.For him to f

18、inish the task in half an hour is a challenge.Playing with fire is a dangerous thing.Her often coming late annoyed the director. 兩個動詞不定式或動名詞作主語，假設指 兩類事物，謂語用 復 數(shù)；但假設指 某一事物的 兩個方面，那么謂語應用 單數(shù)。To listening to music and to watch TV are my favorite things.Early to bed and early to rise is beneficial to heal

19、th.Reading novels and solving problems are two different things.Weeping and crying does nothing towards settling the problem.9. a number/ variety of + 復數(shù)名詞 復數(shù)謂語 the number/ variety of + 復數(shù)名詞 單 數(shù)謂語 A number of the students here are from key schools. The number of the students attending evening school

20、s is on the rise.A variety of new goods are on display.The variety of goods on sale in that store is surprising.10. 用 and 連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞在意義上指同一個人或事物時，用單數(shù)謂語。A scientist and poet is going to give us a lecture tomorrow.My neighbor and colleague is watering the flowers.The partner and manager has warned us n

21、ot to be lazy. War and peace is a constant theme in history.Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink.此外， a knife and folk, a collar and tie, a needle and thread, a cup and saucer, a cart and horse,也通常被看作整體，謂語用單數(shù)。A needle and thread is needed to mend the coat.An additional knife and fork was boug

22、ht for the dinner.11. the + 一類形容詞/ 分詞用來表示類比，謂語用復數(shù)The rich/ poor/ young/ old/ aged/ injured/ wounded/ unknown/ elderly/ sick/ ignorant/ seeing/ blind/ living/ dead/ disabled/ 也+ 復數(shù)謂語 After the earthquakes, the buried were rescued and the lost were found.12. Many a + 單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語More than one + 單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語Ma

23、ny a policeman has devoted his life to the order of our society.More than one student here was injured in the accident yesterday.There is more than one answer to this question.One and a half + 復數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語Look! One and a half bananas is on the floor.13. one of + 復數(shù)名詞定語從句中的 復數(shù)謂語表共性the (only) one of + 復數(shù)名

24、詞定語從句中的 單數(shù)謂語 表個性 Tom is one of the ten boys here who like football.表共性Tom is the (only) one of the ten boys here who dislikes tennis. 表共性14定語從句中謂語的單復數(shù)取決于其先行詞He, who is lazy in study, won 'succeed easily.I , who am your friend, will help you when you are in trouble.15以-ics結(jié)尾的名詞作主語，指學科，用單數(shù)謂語；假設轉(zhuǎn)義指

25、具體活動, 那么用復數(shù)謂語Mathematics數(shù)學，單數(shù)謂語計算能力，復數(shù)謂語Politics政治學，單數(shù)謂語政治手腕，復數(shù)謂語Economics經(jīng)濟學，單數(shù)謂語經(jīng)濟形勢，復數(shù)謂語Statistics統(tǒng)計學，單數(shù)謂語統(tǒng)計數(shù)字，復數(shù)謂語16由兩個一半組成的物體，應用 pair來計數(shù)，假設無pair，那么用復數(shù)謂語 trousers, pants, jeans, shorts, shoes, sleepers, boots, gloves, glasses, scales, ton gs, scissors, socks, stock in gs,This pair of trousers is

26、 expe nsive.（多種手段）（經(jīng)濟能力，財富）Here trousers are new today.Ano ther pair of sun glasses was show n her/ to the customer.17.單復同形的名詞作主語，其謂語的單復數(shù)要根據(jù)這些名詞在句中的意思而定始終用復數(shù)形式的詞：means, series, species, bellows, headquarters,始終用單數(shù)形式的詞：sheep, aircraft, deer, shark, fish （同種魚）This means is really effective.（一種手段）His m

27、eans have bee n used up. Her mea ns are small.18. the rest, the following,其謂語的單復數(shù)要根據(jù)這些詞在句中的意思而定A third of the work was done yesterday, and the rest is to be finishedtomorrow.A third of the studentswere invited to the party yesterday, and the rest weretold to review their less ons at school.The follo

28、wing is my answer.The following are my suggestions主謂一致語法練習題1.Ten perce nt of the workers in this cityA. isB. are*now on strike.C. is to beD. are to be2. The growth of part-time and flexible patter n, and of training and retai more wome n to take adva ntage of employme ntopport un ities.A. allowB. al

29、lows*C.allowi ngning schemesD. have allowed3. These statisticsA. are*B. isman ageable un its for measuri ng dista nces with in the solar system.D. is to beC. have4.5.Mathematics as well as physics always _ A. has caused B. are caus ingNot only you and I but Peter, the top problem. A. areme a lot of

30、headaches.C. causeD. causes*B. werePlenty of fruits, eggs, and vegetablesA. are* B. isstudent in our grade,not able to solve theC. is*D. amn eeded for health.C. is bei ngNeither Jane nor her brothersa consent form for tomorrow's field trip.C.is n eed ingD.A.need*B.needsD. havehas n eed8. What th

31、e man said un der the oathby several other wit nesses.A. was questi on ed*B.were questi on edC.questi on edD.be questi oned9. The gover nmenthop ing to make their findings known soon.A. isB. has bee nC. are*D. be10. Today therea nu mber of teleph one calls from the applica nts for the positi on.A. h

32、ave bee n* B. is hav ingC. has bee n D. are to have11. To listen to fine music and to have stimulating conversation with good friends two pleasures in life.A. isB. are*C. wasD. has bee n12. Of particular in terest to visitorsthe large nu mber of book stores that sell books indiffere nt Ian guages.A.

33、have bee nB. areC. is*D. were13. Many species of ani mals which once lived on the earthno Ion ger in existe nee.A. isB. are*C. wasD. were14. How close pare nts are to their childre na stro ng in flue nee on the character of thechildre n.A. have B. has*C. havi ngD. to have15. Not on ly the whole n at

34、i on, but the whole Europe, in deed the whole huma n society,toalter its attitude to racial problems.A. n eed B.n eeds*C. has n eedD. have a n eed16. All the dataonce and again, still there are a lot of mistakes.A. has bee n checkedB. have bee n checked*C. has bee n checked D. is checked17. It is no

35、t the tools a scientist uses but how he uses the tools thatA. make him a scie ntistB. makes him to be a scie ntistC.make himto be scie ntistD.makes hima scie ntist*18. The play writer and directorpromised to atte nd our tea-party.A. have B. has*C. areD. is19. The premier and the Foreig n Mini sterpr

36、ese nt at the stateba nq uet last ni ght.A. are B. wasC. were *D. had a20. To bala nee the budget and to provide jobstwo goals of the elected official.A. is going to B. is C. becomesD. are*21. Every meanstried but without much result.A. has bee n*B. have bee nC. are D. is22. Nobody but Smith and Joh

37、 nin the lab yesterday.A. are B. had bee nC. wereD. was*23. _ Half of the audie neeforeig ners.A. was B. were*C.had bee nD. has bee n24. Hard work and main livi ngcharacteristics of the worki ng peo ple.A. isB.has bee nC. wereD. are*25. In the rooma big table and a great many chairs.A. do they find

38、B. is foundC. are foun d*D.have found26. Ano ther three weeksn ecessary for us to finish the work.A. are B. wasC. is*D. will have bee n27. He is the on ly one of the brightest stude nts whofrom New YorkUni versity.A. is graduated B. have graduated C. has graduated* D. are graduated28. Here is a mess

39、age of importa nee to every man and woma n whoA. votes* B. voteC. have votedD. is voted29. Neither of the young men who had applied for positi on in the university.A. has bee n acceptedB. have bee n acceptedC. was accepted*D. were accepted30. That men have lear ned much from the behavior of ani mals

40、hardly n ew.A. is*B. isn'tC.bei ngD. will be31. What they have doneuseful to the people.A. are con sidered B. is con sidered*C. have bee n con sidered D. will be con sidered32. Every policema n and firema non the alert.A. have bee n B. was*C. areD. were33. Theren ever bee n hard feeli ngs betwee

41、 n the families livi ng on this block.A. has B. have*C. isD. were34. The lin ebacker and capta in of the teammost valuable player.A. have bee n selectedB. has bee n selected* C. have selected D. has selected35. The n ati on wants peace; only a min oritythe war to continue.A. want*B. wantsC. wan tedD

42、. has wan ted36. It was you, not I, whotoo much depe ndent on medic ine and n ever did exercise.A. were B. are *C. wasD. am37. Whether or not the new pla n will yield any positive results _to be see n.A. remai n B. is rema ined C. remai ns*D. have rema ined38. With the rising of people's standar

43、d of living, cosmetics a favorite topic,especially among wome n.A. has become B. becomesC. become D. have become*39. either he or his acco untants going to claim for the loss?A. AreB. WereC. Is*D. Does40. Therenot only the earth but also eight other pla nets in the solar system.A. are B. wereC. is*D

44、. was41. Thereone or two things that I have to men ti on.haveD. make on e'sseems*D. were to dullA. is* B. areC. hasD.42. He is one of those speakers whoideas perfectly clear.A. make hisB. makes her C. make their*43. Ten minu tesan hour whe n one is wait ing for a phone call.A. seemedB. is seem i

45、ngC. seemD.44. The first part of the lecture was in teresti ng but the rest.A. was dull*B. were dullC. had been dull45. The committeeamong themselves for four hours.A. has bee n arguing B. has bee n arguedC. have bee n arguin g*D. have bee n argued46. Either your teacher or youmistake n.A. are* B. i

46、sC. hasD. be47. Not only I but also Tom and Maryfond of watch ing televisi on.A. amB. isC. are*D. be48. It is said that in the Un ited States, over 30spe nt on advertiseme nt each year.A. billion dollars isB. billion dollars are*C. billiondollar isD. billio ns of dollars are49. Each one of us whonow living in this city is destined to witness the remarkableOlympic Games.A. isB. wereC. has bee nD. are*50. Whatused as chief buildi ng materials todaysteel and con crete.A.have bee n, areB. is,a