短文改錯(cuò)與書面表達(dá)

1、短文改錯(cuò)與書面表達(dá)短文改錯(cuò)與書面表達(dá) 云南省特級教師云南省特級教師昆明市特級教師趙磊工作室昆明市特級教師趙磊工作室(官二中官二中)2004.12.25高考英語短文改錯(cuò)命題的高考英語短文改錯(cuò)命題的思考及對策思考及對策1.2000年以來高考短文改年以來高考短文改錯(cuò)錯(cuò)試題及答案試題及答案2000 The day before the speech contest, English teacher talked to me. She said that she and my classmate all wished me success, but it didnt matter that I woul

2、d win or not. When I was on the stage the next day, I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. There were so many people present! Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. She was smiling but nodding at me. I remembered her words and calm down. I did a good job and won the first

3、prize. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. 1. English 前加前加my或或 the 2. classmate 改為改為classmates 3. that 改為改為whether 4. 正確正確 5. as 改為改為that 6. 去掉去掉a 7. but 改為改為and 8. calm 改為改為calmed 9. is 改為改為are 10. 去掉去掉often 2001 Like

4、 most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters-in any other words, I am an only child. My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. They did not want me to do any work at family. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so

5、that Ill get good marks in all my subject. We may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. Do they really understand their own daughter? What things are in other homes, I wonder.

6、 1. 正確正確 2. 去掉去掉any 3. make前加前加to 4. did 改為改為do 5. family 改為改為home 6. subject 改為改為subjects 7. a 改為改為the 8. 去掉去掉about 9. and 改為改為or 10. What 改為改為How 2002 Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuang. As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and an

7、imals. The weather was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain, the three of them were very excited. As we climbed the mountain, we fed the monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes q

8、uickly. Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. 1. famous 前加前加a 2. 正確正確 3. we 前加前加when 4. them 改為改為us 5. visiting 改為改為visited 6. picture 改

9、為改為pictures 7. passes p改為改為passed 8. 去掉去掉down 9. and 改為改為but 10. 去掉去掉at 2003 When I first learned to write in English, I ran into many difficulties. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I follow

10、ed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was a good one. T

11、heir word were a great encouragement to me. 1. 正確正確 2. 去掉去掉in 3. anything 改為改為everything 4. my 改為改為a 5. 去掉去掉should 6. talk 改為改為talking 7. me 改為改為myself 8. showed 后加后加it 9. reads 改為改為read 10. were 改為改為was 2004Dear Ralph, Im a new comer here of a small town. I would describe myself as shy and quietly.

12、 Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me to do things well as them. Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. Besides, I have few friends. I dont know that they dont like to talk to me. Sometimes, we talked to each other well in class, but after

13、class we become stranger at once. I am trying to improve the situation since it doesnt seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do?1. of 改為改為from 2. quietly 改為改為quiet 3. 前加前加well as 4. to 改為改為at 5. 正確正確 6. that 改為改為why 7. talked 改為改為talk 8. stranger 改為改為strangers 9. since 改為改為but 10. 去掉去掉ab

14、out 2. 從試卷看從試卷看2000年以來的年以來的考點(diǎn)或范圍考點(diǎn)或范圍20001. English 前加前加my或或 the 冠詞冠詞/代詞代詞2. classmate 改為改為classmates 名詞名詞3. that 改為改為whether 引導(dǎo)從句的詞引導(dǎo)從句的詞 4. 正確正確 正確正確5. as 改為改為that 引導(dǎo)從句的詞引導(dǎo)從句的詞 6. 去掉去掉a 冠詞冠詞7. but 改為改為and 連詞連詞8. calm 改為改為calmed 謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞/時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)9. is 改為改為are 謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞/時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)10. 去掉去掉often 副詞副詞20011. 正確正確

15、正確正確 2. 去掉去掉any 短語短語/代詞代詞3. make前加前加to 原形原形/不定式不定式 4. did 改為改為do 謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞/時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)5. family改為改為home 短語短語/名詞名詞6. subject 改為改為subjects 名詞名詞7. a 改為改為the 冠詞冠詞8. 去掉去掉about 短語短語/介詞介詞9. and 改為改為or 連詞連詞10. What 改為改為How 感嘆詞感嘆詞20021. famous 前加前加a 名詞名詞/冠詞冠詞2. 正確正確 正確正確3. we 前加前加when 引導(dǎo)從句的詞引導(dǎo)從句的詞 4. them 改為改為us 代詞代

16、詞5. visiting 改為改為visited 謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞/時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)6. picture 改為改為pictures 名詞名詞7. passes 改為改為passed 謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞/時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)8. 去掉去掉down 短語短語/副詞副詞9. and 改為改為but 引導(dǎo)從句的詞引導(dǎo)從句的詞10. 去掉去掉at 介詞介詞20031. 正確正確 正確正確2. 去掉去掉in 介詞介詞3. anything 改為改為everything 代詞代詞4. my 改為改為a 短語短語/冠詞冠詞5. 去掉去掉should 謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞/時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)6. talk 改為改為talking 原形原形/動(dòng)名詞

17、動(dòng)名詞7. me 改為改為myself 代詞代詞8. showed 后加后加it 代詞代詞9. reads 改為改為read 謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞/時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)10. were 改為改為was 謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞/時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)20041. of 改為改為from 介詞介詞2. quietly 改為改為quiet 形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞3. 前加前加well as 引導(dǎo)從句的詞引導(dǎo)從句的詞4. to 改為改為at 介詞介詞5. 正確正確 正確正確6. that 改為改為why 引導(dǎo)從句的詞引導(dǎo)從句的詞7. talked 改為改為talk 謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞/時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)8. stranger 改為改為strange

18、rs 名詞名詞9. since 改為改為but 引導(dǎo)從句的詞引導(dǎo)從句的詞/連詞連詞10. 去掉去掉about 介詞介詞3. 2000年以來考點(diǎn)分布情況年以來考點(diǎn)分布情況42000年以來短文改錯(cuò)的年以來短文改錯(cuò)的命題特點(diǎn)命題特點(diǎn)1.重點(diǎn)考查：重點(diǎn)考查： 謂語動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)謂語動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài) 復(fù)合句的引導(dǎo)詞復(fù)合句的引導(dǎo)詞 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù) 冠詞冠詞 介詞介詞 代詞代詞 連詞連詞 形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞 不定式，動(dòng)詞原形和動(dòng)名詞不定式，動(dòng)詞原形和動(dòng)名詞 感嘆詞感嘆詞2. 2001，2002分布較均勻。分布較均勻。3. 2001開使對詞組或短語進(jìn)行考查開使對詞組或短語進(jìn)行考查4. “改改”的比重大，的比

19、重大，“去掉去掉”的比重小，的比重小， “加加”的比重很小。的比重很小。5. 初中內(nèi)容大，高中內(nèi)容小。初中內(nèi)容大，高中內(nèi)容小。6. 短文皆由命題人員從中學(xué)生作文短文皆由命題人員從中學(xué)生作文 中選出，少有原文痕跡。中選出，少有原文痕跡。5對對 策策 1.謂語動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)謂語動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài) 上下文時(shí)態(tài)是一致。上下文時(shí)態(tài)是一致。 主語和謂語單復(fù)數(shù)是否一致。主語和謂語單復(fù)數(shù)是否一致。 并列謂語。并列謂語。未來還可能出現(xiàn)的幾種情況：未來還可能出現(xiàn)的幾種情況： 被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài) 句首的動(dòng)詞句首的動(dòng)詞例：例：Working hard at you lessons and you will be a success

20、.Work in the field . he saw a snake. Teach English plays an important role in his life.Catch up with his classmates, he is working hard.Help by Mrs. Black, I made progress in English. 要領(lǐng)：兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞或兩個(gè)謂語之間必需有連詞，否則是錯(cuò)的。要領(lǐng)：兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞或兩個(gè)謂語之間必需有連詞，否則是錯(cuò)的。 例：例：Mike ran into the street carried his bag.2.復(fù)合句的引導(dǎo)詞復(fù)合句的引導(dǎo)詞要領(lǐng)

21、：兩個(gè)句子之間必須有連詞，否則是錯(cuò)的。要領(lǐng)：兩個(gè)句子之間必須有連詞，否則是錯(cuò)的。 日常教學(xué)中注意引導(dǎo)學(xué)生找復(fù)合句并翻譯。日常教學(xué)中注意引導(dǎo)學(xué)生找復(fù)合句并翻譯。 多讓學(xué)生熟悉引導(dǎo)詞。多讓學(xué)生熟悉引導(dǎo)詞。what which that (all)sothat suchthat the sameas suchas who which whom whoever whosewhen while during as before after if unless although(but) because(so) because because of what whatever why how asas n

22、ot so/asas 3.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)要領(lǐng)：判斷可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。要領(lǐng)：判斷可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。 可數(shù)名詞前有無可數(shù)名詞前有無a/an/the, 后有無后有無s/es。 是否為詞組（常涉及冠詞）。是否為詞組（常涉及冠詞）。 未來還可能出現(xiàn)的幾種情況：未來還可能出現(xiàn)的幾種情況： 是否須轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞或形容詞。是否須轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞或形容詞。 作主語，與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)是否一致。作主語，與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)是否一致。 名詞所有格。名詞所有格。日常教學(xué)中注意把握：日常教學(xué)中注意把握： a/an 加可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)表示類別。加可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)表示類別。 the 加可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)表示類別。加可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)表示類別

23、。 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)表示類別?？蓴?shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)表示類別。 the 加不可數(shù)名詞表示特指。加不可數(shù)名詞表示特指。 無冠詞的不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指。無冠詞的不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指。 4介詞介詞要領(lǐng)：介詞短語。要領(lǐng)：介詞短語。 動(dòng)詞短語。動(dòng)詞短語。 一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式：一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式：例：例：on the morning of the sports meet last/this/that/next/each/every/one day/spring/week/month/year with/without before/after instead/instead of because/because of in

24、 the beginning at the beginning of in the end/at the end of/by the end of between/among in/out of/into 5. 冠詞冠詞 日常教學(xué)中注意把握：日常教學(xué)中注意把握： a/an 加可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)表示類別。加可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)表示類別。 the 加可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)表示類別。加可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)表示類別。 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)表示類別。可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)表示類別。 the 加不可數(shù)名詞表示特指。加不可數(shù)名詞表示特指。 無冠詞的不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指。無冠詞的不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指。要領(lǐng)：要領(lǐng)： A. 找位置。找位置。 名詞，序數(shù)詞

25、，最高級，比較級，形容詞原級前名詞，序數(shù)詞，最高級，比較級，形容詞原級前 B. 判斷特指判斷特指/泛指。泛指。 C. 冠詞（注意在元音前還是輔音前）。冠詞（注意在元音前還是輔音前）。 D. 去掉冠詞。去掉冠詞。 E. 加冠詞。加冠詞。 F 是否為習(xí)慣用法或詞組。是否為習(xí)慣用法或詞組。6代詞代詞要領(lǐng)：弄清代詞代的是什么？人還是物？要領(lǐng)：弄清代詞代的是什么？人還是物？ 代詞與所代名詞單復(fù)數(shù)是否一致。代詞與所代名詞單復(fù)數(shù)是否一致。 代詞與所代名詞性別是否一致。代詞與所代名詞性別是否一致。此外未來還應(yīng)注意以下幾各方面：此外未來還應(yīng)注意以下幾各方面：A. something/anything/nothi

26、ng/everything/ somewhere/anywhere/nowhere/everywhere B. other/others/anotherC. none all any neither both either many/much/little/few/no主格與賓格主格與賓格賓格與反身代詞賓格與反身代詞反身代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式反身代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式形容詞性和名詞性的物主代詞形容詞性和名詞性的物主代詞 7連詞連詞 and/but/or neither nor eitheror whetheror bothand not only/justbut(also)(as well) 要領(lǐng)：翻譯要

27、領(lǐng)：翻譯8形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞 要領(lǐng)：根據(jù)用途和位置進(jìn)行形容詞和副詞對改。要領(lǐng)：根據(jù)用途和位置進(jìn)行形容詞和副詞對改。 注意比較等級。注意比較等級。 如：如： asas not as/soas than a better one the younger of the two the morethe better the rich the sick9不定式，動(dòng)詞原形和動(dòng)名詞不定式，動(dòng)詞原形和動(dòng)名詞 要領(lǐng)：找不定式，找動(dòng)詞原形，找動(dòng)名詞，要領(lǐng)：找不定式，找動(dòng)詞原形，找動(dòng)名詞， 找到后在往前找同一句子中最近的介詞或動(dòng)詞，找到后在往前找同一句子中最近的介詞或動(dòng)詞， 并根據(jù)所學(xué)知識進(jìn)行判斷。并根據(jù)所學(xué)知識進(jìn)行判斷。 例：例： Play basketball makes me healthy and strong. She asked me to go with him. She wanted to make me to give up smoke. We spent two days work on the plan. John left the office with