高考英語短文改錯常考考點及歷年真題

1、高考英語短文改錯測試重點及分類解析第一章短文改錯測試重點及分類解析根據(jù)短文改錯的命題特點， 我們可以按照以下四步進行備考快速練習。第一步： 審題。通讀全文， 了解大意。全面把握文章整體(時態(tài)、 題材及內(nèi)容)。第二步： 重讀全文， 應先確定一些明顯的錯誤， 以便疏通短文， 化繁為簡， 為后面解題打開思路。許多問題可在這一階段得到解決。從詞法、 句法到行文邏輯三方面著手， 逐句而不是逐行地分析、 找錯。第三步： 綜觀全篇， 看錯誤類型的比例是否得當、 前后邏輯是否一致、 有無前后矛盾等現(xiàn)象。第四步： 認真檢查， 避免出現(xiàn)以下錯誤： 符號不規(guī)范； 一個詞改為幾個或幾個改為一個； 該大寫的未大寫； 合

2、成詞只改了其中一部分等。下面，我們根據(jù)詞性不同， 來對改錯題目進行分類解析。第一節(jié) 名 詞在短文改錯中見到名詞時， 應檢查是否有數(shù)、 格及名詞前限定詞用法等錯誤。漢語中的名詞在形式上無復數(shù)變化， 而是通過在名詞前加數(shù)詞來表示； 英語則不同， 除了在名詞前加數(shù)詞之外， 如果是可數(shù)名詞， 還應將該名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式。1. 檢查句中名詞的單復數(shù)形式是否符合句意。2. 檢查句中有無可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的誤用。3. 檢查句中有無所有格的誤用。4. 檢查句中有無名詞前限定詞的誤用。練 習請改正下列句子中的語法錯誤， 注意名詞的使用。1. He is on good term with me.2. He is

3、 a generous fellow, and will soon make friend with you again.3. His opinion is considered to be great value.4. He sent his daughter to a girls high school.5. Give me three spoonful of sugar.6. His eyes are as blue as a Scandinavian.7. A few peoples live to be a hundred years old.8. Aunt Mary returne

4、d home after ten years absence.9. He is a friend of my brother.10. The observation of the law is the first duty of every citizen.注 釋1. term terms, term的復數(shù)形式表示條件、 關(guān)系， on good terms with.意為“與關(guān)系良好”。2. friend friends, make friends with.與某人交朋友。3. be great value be of great value, value是名詞， be of+名詞=be+形容

5、詞。即of great value=greatly valuable。4. girls girls， 女子高中是a girls high school。5. spoonful spoonfuls, spoonful是可數(shù)名詞。6. scandinavian Scandinavians。.7. peoples people此處people作“人講”， 是復數(shù)名詞。8. years years。9. brother brothers應是brothers friends, 其后做了省略。10. observation observance(遵守), observation意為觀察。第二節(jié) 動詞的謂語

6、形式一、 謂語動詞的時態(tài)1. 掌握各種時態(tài)的用法2. 注意時態(tài)的協(xié)調(diào)一致1)在簡單句中， 時態(tài)要與時間狀語一致。2)當兩個或兩個以上的謂語共用一個主語時， 其時態(tài)要求一致。3)由并列連詞連接的兩個句子， 時態(tài)上也要求一致。4)當遇到賓語從句和間接引語時， 若其主句是過去時， 則在從句中也必須使用過去時。但是當賓語從句表示的是客觀事實和真理時， 一般用一般現(xiàn)在時。5)與賓語從句一樣， 主語從句、 表語從句和同位語從句的時態(tài)也要求和主句的時態(tài)一致。6)定語從句和狀語從句也要與主句的時態(tài)相呼應， 當從句謂語表示的動作與主句的動作同時發(fā)生時， 要用相同的時態(tài)。二、 謂語動詞的語態(tài)1. 檢查句子是否該用

7、被動語態(tài)。2. 檢查被動語態(tài)形式是否正確。3. 檢查被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)與句中其他時態(tài)是否相呼應， 其數(shù)是否與其主語一致。三、 謂語動詞的語氣虛擬語氣是動詞的一種特殊形式， 用來表示說話人所說的話不是客觀存在的事實， 而是一種與事實相反的愿望、 可能、 推測、 建議、 要求、 假設(shè)或主觀的設(shè)想等。改錯時應特別注意：1. 虛擬語氣在條件句中的應用。2. 虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應用。3. 虛擬語氣在主語從句中的應用。四、 情態(tài)動詞下列用法常是短文改錯的焦點：1. must表示“必須， 不得不”時， 其否定式是neednt或do not have to； must not則表示“不許， 禁止”。2. ne

8、ed與dare既可作情態(tài)動詞， 也可作實義動詞； 而作實義動詞時， 若要構(gòu)成問句和否定句， 就需要助動詞do/does/did。3. “can+have+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用在疑問句和否定句中， 表示對過去的事情所作的推測。4. “could+have+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)除用來表示對過去的事情所作的推測外， 還可用來表示某事有可能在過去發(fā)生， 但實際上并沒有發(fā)生。5. “may/might+have+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用來表示對過去的事情所作的推測。(“可能已經(jīng)了”)6. “must+have+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用來表示對過去的事情所作的肯定判斷。(“一定已經(jīng)了吧”)7. “should/ought to+h

9、ave+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用來表示過去應做而未做的事， 含有自責或責備的語氣。(“本來應該的”)8. “need not+have+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用來表示過去做了沒有必要做的事。(“本來不必的”)練 習1. After they had chose the books they wished to read, the instructor told them the principal points he wanted them to note.2. When I reach at the end of a cigarette, my money has gone up in smoke.3. T

10、he island has little vegetation(植被)， it scarcely raises above the surrounding sea.4. In our school the teachers would leave most students go out early on Friday afternoons before football games.5. Ours was the first group of swimmers who had dove into the new pool.6. I will like to know where you we

11、re born.7. I would like you read it again.8. What will you like to do when you finish your course at Leeds?9. I hope you can visit my country soon, because Id to show you some lf. the beautiful places near my home.10. My father mustnt have said such a thing.注 釋1. had chose had chosen.2. reach at rea

12、ch, reach是及物動詞。3. raises above rises above, raise是及物動詞， rise是不及物動詞。4. leave let.5. had dove had dived.6. will would.7. you read you to read. would you like其后加不定式。8. will would.9. Id to Id love/like to.10.mustnt cant， 否定推測要用cant或couldnt, cant + have + p.p.表示對過去事情否定推測。第三節(jié) 動詞的非謂語形式一、 動詞不定式1. 不定式可作主語。2.

13、 當不定式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者時， 一般要用不定式的被動式。但是在某些形容詞后面， 即使是這樣， 也不用被動式。3. 某些動詞后面只能跟不定式作賓語。4.當不定式作賓語， 且后面又有賓語補足語時， 通常用it作形式賓語來代替不定式， 而把不定式后置。5. had better, would rather than等詞的后面只跟不帶to的不定式。6. 動詞不定式的一般式表示它與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生， 或在其后發(fā)生； 其完成式則表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。但要注意動詞plan, expect, wish, intend, mean, want, would(should) like等后面的不定式的

14、完成式表示原打算要做而最終未做成的事情。二、 動詞的-ing形式改錯指導以下動詞只能跟-ing形式作賓語， 不能跟不定式。如： advise, admit, avoid, allow, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, appreciate, imagine, include, mention, miss, prevent, quit, resist, risk, stand, suggest, understand等。三、 過去分詞改錯指導注意下列幾組動詞的-ing形式和過去分詞之間的區(qū)別： surprising(令人吃驚的)，

15、surprised(感到驚訝的)； interesting(令人感興趣的)， interested(感興趣的)； disappointing(令人失望的)， disappointed(感到失望的)； encouraging(令人鼓舞的)， encouraged(感到鼓舞的)練 習1. I was used to go to the cinema once a week.2. He has never been heard speak ill of others.3. We hear it say frequently that what present-day men most desire

16、is security.4. He always enjoys to read a detective story.5. His father would not let him to go.6. It is difficult to make yourself understand in English.7. You should avoid to keep company with such people.8. Smiling graciously, my offer was accepted by him.9. You had better not to go there.10. The

17、 doctor advised me giving up to smoke.注 釋1. was used to used to， used to +動詞原形表示過去的習慣， be used to+名詞/動名詞表示習慣的持續(xù)。2. speak to speak， 感觀動詞/使役動詞改為被動語態(tài)時， 要將主動態(tài)時省去的“to”還原。3. say said， said是過去分詞作補足語， 而it是形式主語。4. to read reading, enjoy其后只可加動名詞。5. to go go, let是使役動詞， 其后接不帶to的不定式作補足語。6. understand understood,

18、 make oneself understood譯為“使別人了解自己的意圖即自己被別人理解”。7. to keep keeping， avoid其后加動名詞作賓語。8. my offer was accepted by him he accepted my offer， 分詞短語smiling graciously的動作執(zhí)行者是he， 而不是my offer。9. to go go， had better其后接動詞原形。10.giving up to smoke giving up smoking, advise sb. to do sth.,而give up其后接動名詞或名詞。第四節(jié) 形容詞

19、與副詞在短文改錯中見到形容詞和副詞時， 檢查句中是否誤把形容詞作副詞或誤把副詞用作形容詞， 尤其是一些詞形完全一樣的形容詞與副詞。1. 檢查句中形容詞與副詞的位置是否正確。2. 若句中有系動詞， 檢查其后跟的是形容詞還是副詞。3. 檢查句中有無易混淆的形容詞的誤用和易混淆的副詞的誤用。4. 檢查句中有無形容詞與副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成錯誤。5. 檢查句中有無形容詞與副詞的比較級和最高級的使用錯誤。6. 檢查并列結(jié)構(gòu)前后形容詞與副詞的級別是否對等。練 習1. He was impossible to find it out.2. You should be respectable toward

20、s your teachers.3. I am absolutely uncapable to tell a lie.4. Ill be convenient next Sunday.5. You must make your parents happily.6. He looked differently after his return from Europe.7. The number of girls is very few.8. This shirt is wool(l)en.9. Let asleep dogs lie.10. All the present students mu

21、st cast their votes.注 釋1. impossible unable. Impossible是非人稱形容詞， 不可用來修飾人， 或可用It is impossible for him to find it out.2. respectable respectful(恭敬的), respectable(可尊敬的)。3. uncapable unable/uncap able to tell或incapable of telling, capable的反義詞是incapable, be unable to+動詞原形， be incapable of + doing(沒有能力做)。

22、4. Ill be convenient next Sunday Next Sunday will be convenient to me ,convenient是非人稱形容詞。5. happily happy, 這里是賓語+賓語補足語。6. differently different, look是感觀動詞， 其后要用形容詞修飾其主語。7. few small， 主語The number(表示數(shù)目)用small/large表示大小。8. is woolen (made) of wool, 該句還可寫為“This is a woolen shirt.” woolen只可用作定語， 不可用作表語。

23、9. asleep sleeping, asleep是睡熟的， 不可用作定語。Let sleeping dogs lie.(勿惹是生非， 勿打草驚蛇)。10.the present students the students present(出席的學生), the peasant students(現(xiàn)在的學生)。第五節(jié) 冠 詞1. 檢查有無兩個不定冠詞之間的誤用。2. 檢查有無定冠詞不定冠詞之間的誤用。3. 檢查有無漏用冠詞的情況。4. 檢查有無錯用冠詞的情況。練 習1. Last Sunday we went to school to play basketball.2. Plato lef

24、t behind him a view of the universe set forth in his dialogue in an unique combination of logic and drama.3. I have read a interesting story.4. What kind of a book do you have?5. Youre in right; its not your fault.6. The most of us are flattered when we receive a compliment.7. Why are you at home in

25、 such a fine weather?8. He was elected the Mayor of New York.9. Horse is useful animal.10. Goldsmith is said to have traveled from a place to a place.注 釋1. school the school， 表示去某場所而不是去上學(go to school)。2. an an uniqueju?蘗nik其第一音素是輔音。3. a an.4. a book book, kind of后面名詞不加不定冠詞。5. right the right, in th

26、e right(有理)， 而in right右邊。6. The most Most, most表示大多數(shù)時不加the。7. in such a fine weather in such fine weather. weather是不可數(shù)名詞。8. The Mayor Mayor獨一無二的官職、 頭銜， 職稱作補足語或表語時不加冠詞。9. horse A horse， horse是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式其前面必須有冠詞， 不可單獨使用在句子中。useful animal a useful animal.10.from a place to a place from place to place, 兩個

27、相對等的名詞由and連接表示一種習慣用語時不加冠詞。第六節(jié) 代 詞一、 人稱代詞改錯指導1. 注意人稱代詞單復數(shù)的使用。2. 注意人稱代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別。二、 物主代詞改錯指導對物主代詞的考查主要涉及：1. 形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之間的區(qū)別。2. 物主代詞指代的使用。三、 反身代詞改錯指導表示“某人自己”的代詞稱作反身代詞。它在句中可作賓語、 同位語和狀語， 但不能作主語。在使用反身代詞時， 同樣要注意其單復數(shù)和人稱必須與所指代的名詞一致。四、 不定代詞改錯指導常用的不定代詞有some, any, no, none, many, much, few, little, each, e

28、very, one, all, both, either, other, another, others及由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復合詞。不定代詞的用法較復雜， 需要考生特別注意。五、 指示代詞改錯指導指示代詞有this, that, these, those, it, such, same等。this和these一般用來指時間和空間上較近的人或物， 也常用來指后面要提到的事情， 有啟下的作用。that和those則常用來指時間或空間上較遠的人或物， 也可用來代替前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞， 以免重復。練 習1. Knowledge is there for whomever w

29、ill seek it.2. Depend upon that he will come here.3. Whom do you think is the writer of this book?4. His brothers case is quite different from me.5. The population of London is two times as large as this city.6. People find increasingly difficult to make their living.7. “I must say good-bye now.” “S

30、o I must.”8. He is taller than any one in his class.9. I spoke a man who I thought to be my cousin.10.Only yesterday the hotel manager assured my husband and me that he would accept our reservation for a room.注 釋1. whomever whoever, 這里是由whoever引導的賓語從句作for的賓語， 而whoever在從句中作主語。2. Depend upon that Depe

31、nd upon it that, that所引導的從句不可作介詞賓語， 必須加上it， 再由that引導定語從句。3. Whom Who， 這里do you think是插入語， 這里who是作句子主語。4. me mine。5. as this city as that of this city,這里的that 代替the population作比較的部分是不可省略的。6. find find it， 這里的it是形式賓語， 而to make their living是不定式作賓語。7. So I must. So must I.8. any one anyone else， 這里he也包含

32、在他的班級里， 所以應加else， 表示他比其他的人高。9. spoke spoke to10. I me， 這里與husband一起作assured的賓語。第七節(jié) 數(shù) 詞1. 檢查有無基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞之間的誤用。2. 檢查在表示幾百、 幾千、 幾百萬等數(shù)字時表述是否正確。3. 檢查分數(shù)的表達是否正確。4. 檢查在表示“歷史上的幾十年代和某人幾十歲時”的表達方式是否正確。5. 檢查數(shù)詞與其他詞構(gòu)成的復合形容詞是否正確。練習1. About three-fifth of the workers of that steel works are young people.2. When he was

33、in his fifty, he moved to England.3. 439 is four hundreds and thirty-nine.4. The sun is 93 millions miles away from the earth.5. This big steel plant has a thousand of workers.6. Hundred of people attended the meeting last night.7. People lived a hard life in forties.8. 333 is three hundred thirty-t

34、hree.9. He wrote a two-thousand-words report.10. There are about three hundreds people in the park on National Day.注 釋1. three-fifth three-fifths， 分數(shù)表達法是分子用基數(shù)詞， 分母用序數(shù)詞， 當分子大于1時， 分母應加s。2. fifty fifties, in his fifties(在他五十多歲時)， in the fifties(在50年代)。3. hundreds hundred.4. millions million.5. a thousa

35、nd of warders a thousand worker. Hundred, thousand, million等詞在表示具體數(shù)字時， 都不加s， 在表示不確定數(shù)字時加s， 同時加of， 如： hundreds of數(shù)百； thousands of 數(shù)千。6. Hundred Hundreds.7. forties the forties， 指40年代。8. hundred hundred and.9. two-thousand-words two-thousand-word.10. hundreds hundred.第八節(jié) 介 詞1. 檢查介詞有無誤用。2. 檢查句中有無遺漏介詞， 特

36、別要注意作定語用的不定式后是否缺少必要的介詞。3. 檢查句中有無多余的介詞。4. 檢查句中介詞與動詞、 名詞、 形容詞、 副詞等的搭配是否正確。練 習1. You must write your letter with ink.2. A man is known to the company he keeps.3. The field was dotted the great yellow hats of peasants.4. Dont approach to a work of art in such a spirit.5. The boy was absorbed building a

37、dam in the brook.6. I was impressed at the zeal which he spoke of the plan.7. The gentleman insisted at my receiving the money.8. At last we reached to the village at the foot of the hill.9. It is known to everyone that butter is made of milk.10. The girl is proud of that her family is well descende

38、d.注 釋1. with ink, ink用于使用之材料， with用于工具或媒介。2. to by, be known to sb.， 為某人所熟悉， 本句是諺語“觀其友而知其人”。3. dotted dotted with, be dotted with(點綴著)。4. approach to approach, approach是及物動詞。5. absorbed absorbed in, be absorbed in(專心于)。6. at with, which with which, be impressed with(被所感動)， with which起副詞作用。7. at on,

39、insist on(堅持)。8. reached to reached, reach是及物動詞。9.of from, made from.是指制作過程中發(fā)生性質(zhì)變化， made of是物質(zhì)質(zhì)地未變。10. proud of that proud that, that從句前的介詞of必須省略。第九節(jié) 連 詞1. 并列句中， 檢查并列連詞的使用是否正確， 有無遺漏并列連詞的情況。2. 復合句中， 檢查從屬連詞的使用是否正確。3. 檢查主語從句和同位語從句前的連詞是否遺漏。4. 檢查有無連詞之間的誤用， 尤其是if和whether之間的誤用。練 習1. We become more and more

40、 impatient of interruptions when the years go on.2. It was not until it began to rain when I noticed his umbrella left in my car.3. At the age of six, my father took me to the circus for the first time.4. He acted like he had never been in a museum before.5. Youll be permitted to bring a watch so th

41、at you may keep track of the time during you are taking the test.6. It was not long since they made their appearance.7. It was not so much the amount of the money but the money itself that surprised him.8. There may not be much choice between this one or that.9. We must eat for we may live.10. Which

42、 do you like better, coffee and black tea?注 釋1. when as,隨著。2. when that, It is(was)not until.that是not.until的強調(diào)句型。3. At the age of six When I was six years old, At the age of six用于句中是指my father。4. like as if, as if可以引導虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)。5. during while, during是介詞， 不可引導從句。6. since before, not long before(不久就)。7.

43、 but as, not so much.as(與其說不如說)。8. or and, between.and.(在與之間)。9. forthat, that(so that, in order that)+may(might)(為了)表示目的的連接詞， 而for為表示原因的連接詞。10. andor， 表示選擇。第十節(jié) 從句與一致關(guān)系一、 名詞性從句短文改錯對名詞性從句的考查側(cè)重于連詞的選擇和從句的時態(tài)。1. 檢查語序是否正確。2. 檢查連接詞是否誤用。3. 檢查是否漏掉了連接詞， 尤其是主語從句和同位語從句中的that。4. 檢查賓語從句與主句的時態(tài)呼應是否正確。5. 檢查主語從句與謂語的數(shù)

44、是否一致。6. 檢查主語從句后置時， 作形式主語的it是否出現(xiàn)。7. 檢查有無if與whether的誤用。二、 定語從句定語從句的改錯主要涉及關(guān)系代詞、 關(guān)系副詞的運用以及定語從句中的主謂一致問題。1. 判斷關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞的使用是否正確。2. 判斷先行詞與定語從句的謂語動詞的數(shù)是否一致。3. 檢查關(guān)系代詞的格的使用是否正確， 尤其是在關(guān)系代詞作主語和介詞前置時。4. 檢查有無關(guān)系副詞與介詞重復使用的情況。5. 檢查有無漏掉作主語的關(guān)系代詞的情況。6. 檢查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞使用是否正確。7. 檢查定語從句中除了關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞外， 是否還有多余的代詞或副詞。三、 一致關(guān)系1. 檢

45、查主謂在數(shù)上是否違背了語法一致的原則。2. 檢查主謂在數(shù)上是否違背了意義一致的原則。3. 檢查主謂在數(shù)上是否違背了鄰近原則。練 習1. My roommate lives in a small town in central Missouri, a quiet town which I would like to live myself.2. The United States is composed of fifty states; two of those are separated from the others by land or water.3. What far is it fr

46、om here to the station?4. They want to know how they can do to help us.5. Whos got all my money?I do.6. You smoke again! Why not to give it up?7. These photos will show you how our village looks like.8. Someone is at the door. Who is he?9. Those shirts are very expensive.Do you know how they cost?10

47、. Who you think is the richest man in this town?I think Mr. Kim is.注 釋1. which where， to live to live in， live是不及物動詞。2. of those of which, those不是關(guān)系代詞， 不可引導定語從句。3. What How, what修飾名詞， 而how修飾形容詞、 副詞， 用于感嘆句。4. how what， what作引導詞， 同時作they can do中動詞do的賓語。5. I do I have.6. to give it up give it up, why n

48、ot其后接不帶to的不定式。7. how what, 從句中l(wèi)ooks like中的like是介詞， 提問的是like后的賓語。8. he it.9. how how much/what.10. who you think who do you think， do you think是插入語， 去掉插入語， 應是陳述語序的疑問句。第十一節(jié) 倒裝與省略1. 檢查是否有該倒裝而未倒裝的情況。2. 檢查是否有該省略而未省略的情況。練 習將下列各句改為倒裝句， 并強調(diào)劃線部分的語氣。1.The defeated army ran away, leaving many wounded soldiers.

49、2.We can know the past, but we only feel the future.3.The news impressed me so strongly that I could not utter a word for some time.4.Our eyes are opened only after we have made a mistake.5.I have often heard it said that he is not trustworthy.6.His faithful dog sat by his side.7.We must in no case

50、imagine that material comfort is the final goal of human happiness.8.I never expected that the man would turn up at the meeting.9. I found so many happy people nowhere else.10. he said good-bye to me and he drove off.注 釋1. Away ran the defeated army.2. .but the future we only feel.3. So strongly did

51、 the news impress me that.4. Only after we have made a mistake are our eyes opened.5. Often have I heard it said.6. By his side sat his faithful dog.7. In no case must we imagine.8. Never did I expect that.9. Nowhere else did I find.10. He said good-bye to me, and off he drove.第二章短文改錯綜合練習Exercise 1I

52、t is Sunday today. I have been studying all day long. On 1. _the morning, I had dry breakfast. We had no water to2. _drink because the water supply had cut off. The water had 3. _come back in the evening. I did maths then. I didnt stop after 4. _12 oclock. After a short lunch I had the break. Then I

53、 went to5. _my Sunday English class.After a long and tired class for more than two hours, I got 6. _to home. Some work had been done but some hadnt. I must 7. _review all my subject such as the Sciences and the Humanities, 8. _which include Chinese, English, Politics and History as 9. _well. Thats terribly! Especially when there was no water. 10. _答案及解析1. On改為In。in the morning為固定搭配。2. dry前加a。一般來講， 三餐前不加任何冠