冠詞是一種虛詞

1、 冠詞是一種虛詞，放在名詞的前面，幫助說明冠詞是一種虛詞，放在名詞的前面，幫助說明名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞（名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞（The Indefinite Article）和定冠詞（）和定冠詞（The definite Article）兩種。）兩種。a (an) 是不定冠詞，是不定冠詞，the是定冠詞。是定冠詞。Unit 2 冠冠 詞詞 （Articles）（一）（一）. . 不定冠詞的用法不定冠詞的用法 1. 用在可數(shù)名詞前表示用在可數(shù)名詞前表示 “ “一個一個” ” 相當于相當于“one”one”。. There is a book on the desk. Ill retur

2、n in a day or two.2.2.表示表示“某一個某一個” ” 相當于相當于“a certain”. A Mr. White is waiting for you downstairs.3. 表示表示 “一類一類” 相當于相當于“any”. A horse is a useful animal.4. 表示表示 “每一每一” 相當于相當于“per”. The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day. The envelopes are one yuan and twenty fen a dozen.5. 用在某些固定

3、詞組中用在某些固定詞組中. a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time 6. 用在抽象名詞前，表具體的介紹用在抽象名詞前，表具體的介紹:a + 抽象名抽象名 詞，詞，起具體化的作用。如：起具體化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. It is a pleasure to talk with you. It i

4、s an honour to me to attend the meeting.7. 與物質(zhì)名詞連用，表示與物質(zhì)名詞連用，表示“一種，一陣、一份一種，一陣、一份”。 What a heavy rain! What a good supper! Please give me a black coffee!8. “a” 用在輔音開頭前用在輔音開頭前, “an” 用在元音開頭前用在元音開頭前. a useful book, a European country, a one-year-old child, an hour, an honest boy, an 800-metre-long bridg

5、e, There is an “s” in the word “smile”. f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x,(二二). 定冠詞的用法定冠詞的用法 1. 表示文中再次提到的人或物表示文中再次提到的人或物. There is a book on the desk. The book is an English book.2. 表示特指的人或物表示特指的人或物(即即:談話時彼此都知道的人或談話時彼此都知道的人或物物). Look at the blackboard. Open the door, please.3. 用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示類指用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示類指 The ho

6、rse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals.4. 表示世界上獨一無二的東西表示世界上獨一無二的東西 the sun, the earth, the capital, the sky, the universebut: in nature, in space, 5. 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家、黨派等專有名詞用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家、黨派等專有名詞前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群島的名詞前。前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群島的名詞前。 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the Cha

7、ngjiang River, the Urul Mountains, the Philippines, the Pacific6. 用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級前。用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級前。 the second story, the largest room7. 用在方位名詞前或某些表示時間的詞組或習慣用在方位名詞前或某些表示時間的詞組或習慣語中。語中。 on the left, in the east / west, in the morning, on the other hand, in the end8. 用在形容詞或分詞前表示一類人。用在形容詞或分詞前表示一類人。 the poor

8、/ rich / old / young / living / wounded9. 在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示全家人或夫婦二人。在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示全家人或夫婦二人。 The Smiths are sitting at the breakfast table.10. 彈奏樂器時，樂器名詞前彈奏樂器時，樂器名詞前 Do you like to play the piano or the violin? ( play erhu )11. 在表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前加定冠詞在表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前加定冠詞 The compass was invented in China four thousand y

9、ears ago.12. 年代前年代前 In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, 13. 在表示階級、階層的詞前在表示階級、階層的詞前 the ruling class, the working people 14. 用在一些習慣用語中。如：用在一些習慣用語中。如： in the morning (afternoon, evening), by the way, in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/raintell the truth/on the other

10、 hand/on the way home15. 定冠詞使用特殊的場合。定冠詞使用特殊的場合。 He hit him in the face. beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head the elder of the two, the more beautiful of the two The sooner, the better. He got paid by the hour. by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year 但：但：by weight按重量按重量（三）不

11、用冠詞的情況（三）不用冠詞的情況 1. 專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前等名詞前 China , America, Smith, Air is matter. Failure is the mother of success.But: He is the Mr. Zheng you are looking for. He is a living Lei Feng. The Shanghai of today is quite different from what it was . Longjing is a famous tea. a

12、heavy rain, a strong wind, a soup It is a pleasure to talk to him. He wanted to give me a pleasant surprise.2. 可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格限制時名詞所有格限制時 This book is mine.3. 季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、一日三餐名稱前季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、一日三餐名稱前 spring, summer, autumn / fall, winter, Sunday, October, National Day b

13、ut: in the spring of that year, I met him on a Monday last month.4. 稱呼語，表示頭銜的名詞作賓語補足語及同位稱呼語，表示頭銜的名詞作賓語補足語及同位語時語時 Whats this, Mother? He was made monitor.5. 學科名詞，球類、棋類名詞前學科名詞，球類、棋類名詞前 Do you study mathematics? He likes playing football / chess.6. 泛指復(fù)數(shù)名詞前泛指復(fù)數(shù)名詞前 Computers are widely used in our daily

14、life. They are workers.7. 在與在與by連用的交通工具名稱前連用的交通工具名稱前 by car, by bus, by train8. 某些固定詞組中某些固定詞組中 (1). 名詞詞組名詞詞組 husband and wife, brother and sister, day and night, knife and fork (2). 介詞詞組介詞詞組 to / at / from school, in class, in prison, to / at / from work in front of / in the front of at table / at t

15、he table out of question / out of the question in charge of / in the charge of in possession of / in the possession of by sea / by the sea9. as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，作表語的名詞不帶引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，作表語的名詞不帶冠詞。冠詞。 Child as she is, she knows a lot of French. 10. 系動詞系動詞turn（作（作“變成變成”解）后作表語的單數(shù)解）后作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前習慣不用冠詞?？蓴?shù)名詞前習慣不用冠詞。 T

16、he young girl has turned writer. = The young girl has become a writer.11. 在單數(shù)名詞在單數(shù)名詞 + after + 同一單數(shù)名詞（表示同一單數(shù)名詞（表示“一一個接一個個接一個”）結(jié)構(gòu)中，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。）結(jié)構(gòu)中，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。 She did experiment after experiment. shop after shop, mistake after mistake12. 形容詞的最高級前、序數(shù)詞前也有不用定冠詞形容詞的最高級前、序數(shù)詞前也有不用定冠詞的情況。的情況。“most + 形容詞原級

17、形容詞原級”作作“十分、非常、極十分、非常、極”解解時，前面不用定冠詞。時，前面不用定冠詞。 Oh, its most beautiful.當兩個形容詞最高級并列修飾同一個名詞時，當兩個形容詞最高級并列修飾同一個名詞時，第二個形容詞前通常不用定冠詞。第二個形容詞前通常不用定冠詞。 She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.當形容詞最高級作表語，不表示與其他人或物當形容詞最高級作表語，不表示與其他人或物相比時，其前不用定冠詞。相比時，其前不用定冠詞。The market in the country is busiest in winte

18、r.形容詞最高級前有名詞所有格或物主代詞時，形容詞最高級前有名詞所有格或物主代詞時，不能用定冠詞。不能用定冠詞。A wolf in a sheeps skin is our most dangerous enemy.序數(shù)詞前面一般加定冠詞表示序數(shù)詞前面一般加定冠詞表示“第第”之意，之意，但在但在second、third等詞前加不定冠詞表示等詞前加不定冠詞表示“又一，又一，再一再一”之意。之意。 why you took a second arrow 注意：下句中注意：下句中“a first”表示表示“第一名、冠軍第一名、冠軍”。 He is a top student in our class, he often gets a first in maths. 13. no與與such連用時應(yīng)放在連用時應(yīng)放在such之前，之前，such后面的后面的名詞不用冠詞。名詞不用冠詞。No such thing has ever happened in this villa