中國文化中英對照

1、1.中國文化篇中國教育篇中國教育相關(guān)表達(dá)素質(zhì)教育education for all-round development應(yīng)試教育exam-oriented education填鴨式教學(xué)cramming method of learning義務(wù)教育compulsory education高等教育higher education普通高校regular institution of higher learning就業(yè)服務(wù)和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)employment services and vocational skills training綜合性大學(xué)comprehensive university重點(diǎn)大學(xué)key

2、university減輕學(xué)生負(fù)擔(dān)reduce burden for students應(yīng)屆高校畢業(yè)生new college graduates招生辦公室admission office入學(xué)考試entrance examination高考college entrance examination研究生入學(xué)考試postgraduate entrance examination入學(xué)資格admission qualification升學(xué)率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade獎學(xué)金scholarship學(xué)費(fèi)tuition專業(yè)課co

3、urse within one's major必修課required course選修課optional course學(xué)分制credit system畢業(yè)論文graduation thesis畢業(yè)證書graduation certificate學(xué)生會studentsunion學(xué)歷record of formal schooling中小學(xué)生primary and secondary school student本科生undergraduate研究生postgraduate同學(xué)classmate教授professor副教授associate professor講師lecturer助教tea

4、ching assistant教育界education circle教育投入input in education學(xué)前教育preschool education智力引進(jìn)introduce talents課外活動extracurricular activity2.中國科技篇中國科技相關(guān)表達(dá)科技是第一生產(chǎn)力science and technology constitute a primary productive force科技體制改革reform of the science and technology management system技術(shù)密集產(chǎn)品technology-intensive pr

5、oduct科技含量technology content尖端科技state-of-the-art technology研究開發(fā)research and development治理污染curb the environmental pollution水循環(huán)利用工廠water recycling plant核電站nuclear power plant非化石能源發(fā)電量electricity generated from non-fossil energy新粒子new particleH7N9病毒H7N9 virus應(yīng)用科學(xué)applied science3D打印3D printing人造器官artific

6、ial organ頂層設(shè)計the top layer design節(jié)能減排energy conservation and emission reduction工業(yè)升級industrial upgrading結(jié)構(gòu)性障礙structural obstacle資源利用率resource utilization rate高速鐵路high-speed rail科學(xué)發(fā)展觀Scientific Outlook on Development科技發(fā)展scientific and technological advancement生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)environmental-friendly agriculture創(chuàng)新in

7、novation高科技園區(qū)high-tech park國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室national key laboratory研究成果research result新興學(xué)科new branch of science人工智能artificial intelligence信息高速公路information superhighway網(wǎng)民netizen網(wǎng)上購物online shopping網(wǎng)上交易平臺online trading platform“寬帶中國”戰(zhàn)略China's broadband strategy產(chǎn)能production capacity神舟十號the Shenzhou-10 spacec

8、raft嫦娥三號The Chang'e-3 lunar lander3.中國經(jīng)濟(jì)篇國民生產(chǎn)總值GrossNational Product (GNP)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值Gross Domestic Product (GDP)國有企業(yè)state-owned enterprises (SOEs)社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)socialist market economy市場經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序the order of the market economy擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需expand domestic demand宏觀調(diào)控macro control按勞分配distribution according to one's pe

9、rformance城鄉(xiāng)居民收入income of urban and rural residents勞動力labor綜合國力overall national strength公有制public ownership私有制private ownership私營企業(yè)private business中小企業(yè)small and medium enterprises (SMEs)跨國公司multinational corporation網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)Internet-based economy經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律law of economy大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)mass production生產(chǎn)力productive forces年均

10、增長率average growth rate per annum可持續(xù)增長sustainable growth經(jīng)濟(jì)效益economic returns經(jīng)濟(jì)增長economic growth經(jīng)濟(jì)波動economic fluctuation衰退recession提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益enhance economic performance扭虧為盈turn a loss-making business into a profitable one優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)optimize economic structure經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整strategic adjustment of the economic struc

11、ture優(yōu)化消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)optimize the consumption structure產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級upgrading of an industrial structure產(chǎn)業(yè)格局industrial pattern高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)high and new technology industries經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)special economic zones繁榮與穩(wěn)定prosperity and stability經(jīng)濟(jì)交流economic exchange利用外資utilization of foreign capital投資investment知識產(chǎn)權(quán)intellectual property righ

12、ts版權(quán)copyright商標(biāo)trademark專利patent電子商務(wù)e-business循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)recycling economy個人所得稅personal income tax稅收政策tax policy試點(diǎn)工程pilot project經(jīng)濟(jì)帶economic belts經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化economic globalization財政和貨幣政策fiscal and monetary policies4.社會篇社會篇相關(guān)表達(dá)改革開放reform and opening up小康社會a well-to-do society奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable

13、 life人民生活peoples livelihood生活水平living standards生活質(zhì)量quality of life改善民生improve peoples wellbeing住房條件housing conditions生活條件living conditions共同富裕shared prosperity社會穩(wěn)定social stability衣食住行food, clothing, sheltering and means of traveling厲行節(jié)約practice economy縮小收入差距narrow the income gap人均收入average income pe

14、r capita文化程度educational level城鎮(zhèn)居民urban citizen失業(yè)保障unemployment security人口問題the issue of population全面發(fā)展all-round development發(fā)達(dá)國家developed country發(fā)展中國家developing country人口老齡化population aging養(yǎng)老provision for the aged養(yǎng)老保險old-age insurance社會保險social insurance計劃生育family planning獨(dú)生子女政策one-child policy城市人口ur

15、ban population農(nóng)業(yè)人口agriculture population普查census社會事業(yè)social programs人才市場talent market人才交流talent exchange人才外流brain drain應(yīng)屆高校畢業(yè)生new college graduate農(nóng)民工rural migrant worker公務(wù)員civil servant市民citizen名人celebrity殘疾人the disabled就業(yè)率employment rate失業(yè)率unemployment rate出生率birth rate死亡率mortality rate壽命life span貧困

16、地區(qū)poverty-stricken region欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)underdeveloped area擺脫貧困shake off poverty生活困難be badly-off用電量electricity consumption森林覆蓋率forest coverage產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)industrial structure創(chuàng)歷史新高an all-time high戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)strategic emerging industries基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施infrastructure南水北調(diào)South-to-North Water Diversion Project自然災(zāi)害natural disasters本土化loc

17、alization體力勞動manual labor可持續(xù)發(fā)展sustainable development沙塵暴sandstorm建筑灰塵construction dust市政府the municipal government違章建筑unlicensed construction嚴(yán)厲地處罰impose tough punishments on主要污染源major sources of pollutants建筑灰塵construction dust炫富show off wealth熱詞hot word/ buzzword品位taste大眾傳媒mass media5.中國文化篇Part 1中國文化

18、四大發(fā)明the four great inventions of ancient China火藥gunpowder印刷術(shù)printing造紙術(shù)paper-making指南針the compass文房四寶”Four Treasures of the Study筆writing brush墨ink stick紙paper硯ink slab書法calligraphy中國畫traditional Chinese painting水墨畫Chinese brush painting雕刻sculpture泥人clay figure武術(shù)martial arts京劇Peking opera昆曲Kunqu ope

19、ra相聲cross talk中藥traditional Chinese medicine中國結(jié)Chinese knot唐裝Tang suit四合院courtyard house紅茶black tea綠茶green tea功夫茶Gongfu tea火鍋hot potPart 2中國文學(xué)四大名著four major classical novels三國演義The Romance of Three Kingdoms紅樓夢Dream of the Red Mansions水滸傳Outlaw of the Marshes西游記Journey to the West四書The Four Books大學(xué)Th

20、e Great Learning中庸The Doctrine of the Mean論語Analects of Confucius孟子The Mencius五經(jīng)The Five Classics詩經(jīng)The Book of Songs書經(jīng)The Book of History易經(jīng)The Book of Changes禮記the Book of Rites春秋The Spring and Autumn AnnalsPart 3中國古代哲學(xué)家及相關(guān)表達(dá)哲學(xué)家philosopher孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子Lao Tzu孫子Sun Tzu莊子Chuang Tzu儒學(xué)Confucian

21、 School孔廟Temple of Confucius孫子兵法The Art of WarPart 4中國歷史及相關(guān)表達(dá)封建的feudal朝代dynasty春秋時期the Spring and Autumn Period戰(zhàn)國時期the Warring States Period隋唐時期the Sui and Tang dynasties明清時期Ming and Qing dynasties秦始皇the First Emperor of Qin君主monarch皇帝emperor皇太后Empress Dowager丞相prime minister大臣minister忠臣loyal minist

22、er中華文明Chinese civilization絲綢之路the Silk Road西域western countries歷史遺跡historical site文化遺產(chǎn)cultural heritage文物cultural relics科舉制imperial examination for recruiting civil servants6.中國文化篇節(jié)日篇中國節(jié)日及相關(guān)表達(dá)春節(jié)the Spring Festival / Chinese lunar Near Year農(nóng)歷正月初一the first day of the first lunar month農(nóng)歷lunar calendar年終

23、大掃除year-end household cleaning春聯(lián)Spring Festival couplets年畫New Year pictures剪紙paper-cuts團(tuán)圓飯family reunion dinner餃子jiaozi春晚Spring Festival Gala守歲stay up late on the New Years Eve除夕Eve of Chinese New Year辭舊迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new拜年pay a New Year visit紅包red packets壓歲錢lucky money放爆竹let off firecrackers廟會temple fair禁忌taboo元宵節(jié)Lantern Festival農(nóng)歷正月十五15th day of the first lunar month元宵rice dumplings花燈festival lantern燈謎lantern riddle燈會exhibit of lanter