語言反映心理英語

1、.Language Reflects Psychology學(xué) 院： 外語學(xué)院專 業(yè)： 姓 名： 指導(dǎo)老師： 英語學(xué) 號(hào)： 職 稱： 講師中國(guó)·珠海二一一 年 二 月北京理工大學(xué)珠海學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文誠(chéng)信承諾書本人承諾呈交的畢業(yè)論文語言反映心理是在指導(dǎo)教師的指導(dǎo)下，獨(dú)立開展研究取得的成果，文中引用他人的觀點(diǎn)和材料，均在文后按順序列出其參考文獻(xiàn)，論文使用的數(shù)據(jù)真實(shí)可靠。本人簽名： 日期： 年 月 日.;Language Reflects PsychologyABSTRACT This paper explores how language reflects a persons psycholo

2、gy. Language is a significant tool for communication by which people can think and transmit information. There are mainly two sorts of language, including spoken language and body language. Indeed, spoken language is often accompanied by body language. Psychology is human brains subjective response

3、to the objectivity. This paper mainly deals with the oral language and body languages reflection of human psychology. As an integral part of the society, whoever we are, we are sure to and have to meet vary kinds of people everyday. However, there will be many problems and misunderstandings if we ca

4、nnot totally make ourselves understood or realize others meaning and intention. As a result, we are unable to know a person well and handle different interpersonal relationships properly. Therefore, the main question we should pay attention to is that how to correctly read a persons meaning through

5、listening to his or her speaking and observing their body movement. In this thesis, three core questions are elaborated. Firstly, probes into how spoken language reflects a persons psychology from various aspects of oral language, stress, pause, mood, speed, rhetoric and pet phrase are included. Sec

6、ondly, to investing ate body languages reflection of a persons psychology dividing into three parts, namely, facial expression, head action and movement of other parts of human body. At last, the paper discusses about two situations. One is that the reflection of psychology is different with the sam

7、e spoken language but various body languages. The other is the reflection of psychology is also different with the same body language but various spoken language.Keywords: language psychology spoken language body language reflection語言反映心理摘 要 本文探討語言如何反映一個(gè)人的心理。語言是人類進(jìn)行思維和傳遞信息的重要的交際工具。語言主要分為兩種:口頭語言和肢體語言

8、。事實(shí)上，口頭語言往往伴隨著肢體語言。心理是人腦對(duì)客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的主觀反應(yīng)。本文主要關(guān)注口頭語言和肢體語言對(duì)人類心理的反映。 我們作為社會(huì)有機(jī)組成的一部分，不管是誰，每天肯定也必須面對(duì)不同的人。然而，如果我們?cè)趯?shí)際交往中不同讓對(duì)方明白自己或者自己無法了解別人的意思和目的，彼此間就會(huì)產(chǎn)生很多的問題和誤解。結(jié)果，我們不能很好地了解一個(gè)人，以及不能恰當(dāng)?shù)靥幚砗萌穗H關(guān)系。因此，如何能通過聽別人的講話和觀察別人講話時(shí)的舉動(dòng)就能正確地理解一個(gè)人的內(nèi)心想法和意圖，是一個(gè)值得我們關(guān)注和思考的問題。 論文主要從三大主要問題進(jìn)行闡述。首先，從口頭語言的各方面，包括語氣、停頓、重讀、語速、修辭和口頭禪來闡述口頭語言是怎樣

9、反映一個(gè)人的心理的。然后研究了肢體語言對(duì)一個(gè)人的心理的反映，分別從面部表情、頭部動(dòng)作和軀體動(dòng)作三部分進(jìn)行闡述。最后，討論了兩種不同的情況。一種情況是相同的口頭語言不同的肢體語言所反映的心理不同；另一種情況是相同的肢體語言不同的口頭語言所反映的心理也不同。摘要：語言 心理 口頭語言 肢體語言 反映CONTENTS Abstract······················

10、83;·····················摘要····························&

11、#183;··················1 Introduction·····························

12、;············12 Spoken Language Reflects Psychology···················22.1 Different Intonation Reflects Different Psychology···&#

13、183;········22.1.1 Different Stress Reflects Different Psychology··············22.1.2 Different Pause Reflects Different Psychology··········

14、;····42.1.3 Different Mood Reflects Different Psychology ·············42.1.3.1 Declarative Sentence···················&#

15、183;·············52.1.3.2 General Question································&

16、#183;···52.1.3.3 Rhetorical Question·································52.1.3.4 Exclamatory Sentence···

17、3;····························62.2 Different Speed Reflects Different Psychology·············&#

18、183;·62.3 Different Rhetoric Reflects Different Psychology·············72.3.1 Irony························

19、83;·····················72.3.2 Repetition·························

20、3;················72.3.3 Exaggeration······························

21、83;·········82.4Different Pet Phrase Reflects Different Psychology············83 Body Language Reflects Psychology·············

22、83;······10 3.1 Facial Expression Reflects Psychology····················10 3.1.1 Eyebrows·············&#

23、183;····························10 3.1.2 Eyes···················&

24、#183;·························11 3.1.3 Nose······················

25、·······················11 3.1.4 Mouth and Lip·······················&#

26、183;··············12 3.1.5 Chin·································&

27、#183;············12 3.1.6 Smile···································

28、;··········12 3.2 Head Movement Reflects Psychology·····················12 3.3 Action of Other Parts of Body Reflects Psychology···

29、;·······13 3.3.1 Hands········································

30、83;····13 3.3.2 Shoulders··········································14

31、3.3.3 Legs and Feet·······································14 4 Two Situations····

32、3;································154.1 The Same Spoken Language but Various Body Languages Reflects Different Psychology···&

33、#183;····························154.2 The Same Body Language but Various Spoken Languages Reflects Different Psychology ······

34、83;························15 Conclusion·······················&#

35、183;··················17 References·····························&

36、#183;············18 Acknowledgements··································

37、·191 Introduction Man is a life group need to communicate with each other, while language is their first choice and important tool for communication. In daily life, people usually contact with others by using spoken language and body language. Indeed, spoken language is often accompanied by bod

38、y language. Studies show that in the process of face to face communication, 7% information is transmitted by spoken language, 38% information is spread by the changes of voice and 55% information is conveyed by facial expression and actions of other parts of body. With the development of society and

39、 advancement of age, people are linking up with one another more and more frequently, information spreads increasingly convenient, pressure and competition no matter in study, work or life is on the rise. Taking all abovementioned into consideration, it is urgent for us to learn how to quickly and c

40、orrectly know a person, make a judgment and read his mind. A persons inner heart is the most complicated and sophisticated thing in the world because it hides in the depth of ones heart. Furthermore, people living in such a competitive society, have to be cautious of handling every thing and people.

41、 Even some people “wear a mask” in daily interpersonal communication, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of understanding a person. Although it is not easy for us to understand a person, as the old saying goes: it is hard to judge a persons personality only by his or her appearance, we still

42、 can learn to solve this problem step by step. Nowadays, many scholars at home and abroad study and read the art of spoken language and body language in depth, in order to know the inner thoughts behind the art of human language. Language is indispensable to our actual life in communicating with eac

43、h other. However, if we cannot understand the secret of spoken language and body language, the interpersonal communication would be heavily affected, let alone read others minds and have an insight into their inner heart. Hence, it is need for us to rethink about the spoken language and body languag

44、e, to think about how to truly get peoples meaning and penetrate into their inner heart by listening their speech and observing their body movement so that we can judge people correctly and handle interpersonal relationship much better.2 Spoken Language Reflects PsychologySpoken language is the most

45、 common but crucial way to us in communicating with other people in our daily life. It is hard to imagine that human society devoid of spoken language. Man is not only living in objective world and social activity as general people understand, but also living in the given language to a greater exten

46、t, because language has become a medium of expression in human society. As Joseph Stalin said: Language is a medium, an instrument with the help of which people communicate with one another, exchange thoughts and understand each other. Joseph Vissarrionovich Stalin. Marxism and Problems of Linguisti

47、csM, Peoples Press, 1971, P16Psychology is human brains subjective response to the objectivity. As we all know, it is difficult for us to know peoples real feeling since every ones heart is deep inside. But we can try to understand other peoples meaning through listening and analyzing their spoken l

48、anguage from several different aspects, namely, intonation, mood, pause, stress, speed, rhetoric, syntax and pet phrase. This is because various intonation, mood, pause, stress, speed, rhetoric, syntax and pet phrase reflect various psychologies. 2.1 Different Intonation Reflects Different Psycholog

49、y Intonation involves the occurrence of recurring fall-rise patterns, each of which is used with a set of relatively consistent meanings, either on single words or on groups of words of varying length. Hu Zhuanglin .Linguistics: A Course BookM, 3rd edition, Peking University Press, September, 2006.C

50、hater2,5.3 In peoples speech, the whole sentence or paragraph has cadence. Intonation means the changes of speed, strength, length and height of sentence. There is no sentence without intonation, and the meaning of sentence is different if it with different intonation. Consequently, if a person spea

51、ks the same sentence with various intonations, we can learn different psychology of him or her from his or her speech. As the abovementioned fact, different intonation reflects different psychology. At the same time, intonation includes three aspects: stress, pause and mood, which are used synthetic

52、ally while talking. In other words, different stress, pause and mood reflect different psychology. Lets look into these three aspects one by one.2.1.1 Different Stress Reflects Different PsychologyStress refers to the degree of force used in producing a syllable. In transcription, a raised vertical

53、line is often used just before the syllable it relates to. A basic distinction is made between stressed and unstressed syllables, the former being more prominent than the latter, which means that stress is a relative notion. At the word level, it only applies to words with at least two syllables. At

54、 the sentence level, a monosyllabic word may be said to be stressed relative to other words in the sentence. Hu Zhuanglin. Linguistics: A Course BookM, 3rd edition, Peking University Press, September, 2006. Chapter2,5.2 When people speak, they are impossible to say a word without stress. On the cont

55、rary, people would put more stress on some words, while put less stress on others words. Then we are able to know speakers real meaning by noting which word they put stress on. Different stress people use in a sentence has different meaning, that is to say, various stress reflects various psychology

56、 of people. Lets take a person says “他說他要來” as an example,( “ ” means stress the person put on words )他說他要來。The person stresses that it is not me who said he would come. 他說他要來。The person stresses that he just said he would come, but is not necessarily. 他說他要來。The person stresses that it is him who wo

57、uld come. 他說他要來。The person stresses that he does not come yet. Secondly, lets take a boy says“我真的很愛你”to his girlfriend as another example:我真的很愛你。The boy puts stress on “我” reflecting that it is him who is the one loves the girl.我真的很愛你。The boy puts stress on “真的” reflecting that his love for the girl

58、 is true. 我真的很愛你。The boy puts stress on“很” reflecting that he love the girl very much. 我真的很愛你。The boy put stress on “你” reflecting that it is the girl who he falls in love with.2.1.2 Different Pause Reflects Different Psychology Pause in speech means a temporary stop or break. Pause is not only one

59、of phonetic features constituting intonation, but also plays a vital role in interpersonal intercourse. Every body has to stop for a while when he or she talks. This is not only for the physiological need and the need of sentence structure, but also for the need of perfectly conveying ones feelings.

60、 Above all, we must note that different pause a person uses can reflect different psychology of him or her. Thus, we can read others real meaning by noting the pause he or she uses when they are speaking. Lets take a girl says “我知道你會(huì)來看我” as an example,( “ / ” means pause )我 / 知道你會(huì)來看我 The girl thinks

61、 that you cannot hide it from her that you would come to see her.我知道 / 你會(huì)來看我The girl thinks that she does not know whether other people would come to see her or not, but she does know you would come to see her.我知道你 / 會(huì)來看我The girl thinks that you will come to see her because of your close relationshi

62、p.我知道你會(huì)來看 / 我The girl thinks that it is she who you would come to see.Furthermore, it is easy to imagine that when a scholar is giving a lecture in a university, he suddenly stops because he sees many students ignore him and they are talking with each other. Then classroom becomes quiet. Obviously,

63、the purpose of pause used by the scholar is in order to warn students to pay attention to his lecture. Whats more, it is no hard to imagine as well that when a leader is giving a speech in opening ceremony, he stops naturally after saying several wonderful sentences. Clearly, he wants his audience t

64、o give him a big hand. 2.1.3 Different Mood Reflects Different Psychology Mood is a particular quality, way of sounding, modulation, or intonation of the voice as expressive of some meaning, feeling, spirit, etc. Mood is also called the tone of sentence, and it represents the changes in pitch of a s

65、entence. Rising tone and falling tone are two basic types of tone of sentence. Generally, declarative sentence, imperative sentence, exclamatory sentence and special question use falling tone. While general question and incomplete sentence often use rising tone. Lets analyze the following three vari

66、ed kinds of sentences, from which we learn speakers psychology easily.2.1.3.1 Declarative SentenceDeclarative sentence is a sentence in the form of a statement (in contrast to a command, a question, or an exclamation), and it includes the affirmative sentence and negative sentence. Actually, in dail

67、y life, most of sentence used is declarative sentence. When a speaker uses declarative sentence, he or she would like to describe a fact or express their standpoints and attitudes. For example,我愛你。 The speaker wants to express his or her love to someone.我不愛你。The speaker wants to tell someone that he

68、 or she does not fall in love with him or her.他走了。 The speaker wants to state that he has gone.他還沒走。The speaker wants to state that he still here or there.2.1.3.2 General Question General question is a question that can be answered with “Yes” or “No”. When people ask a general question, it means tha

69、t they have doubts and questions, and they would like to hear a definite answer. For instance,你愛我嗎？ The speaker wants to know whether someone love he or her. This is because he or she does not know the exact answer or he or she wants someone to answer personally.他走了嗎？ The speaker wants to know wheth

70、er he has gone or not. 2.1.3.3 Rhetorical QuestionA rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question posed for its persuasive effect without the expectation of a reply. Rhetorical questions encourage the listener to think about what the (often obvious) answer to the question must

71、be. When a speaker states, “How much longer must our people endure this injustice?” no formal answer is expected. Rather, it is a device used by the speaker to assert or deny something. Wikipedia Web Site, March 6,2010For a “rhetorical question”, its a question that doesnt need an answer because the

72、 answer is implied. And it uses interrogative mood to express affirmation or negation so that it can plays a role in emphasizing. Therefore, we can know speakers real meaning through rhetorical question used by him or her.For example,誰知道？ The speaker emphasizes that no one knows.難道我會(huì)不知道？ The speaker

73、 emphasizes that he or she does know.我們?cè)趺茨芾速M(fèi)時(shí)間？ The speaker emphasizes that we must value our time.這么重的東西，我怎么拿得動(dòng)？ The speaker emphasizes that the ting is too heavy for him or her to carry.2.1.3.4 Exclamatory SentenceExclamatory sentence is a sentence which expresses a strong feeling, such as joy, so

74、rrow, surprise, admiration, disgust etc, usually ending with an exclamation mark. From exclamatory sentence, we could easily read speakers mind because of exclamatory sentences function of emphasis. For instance,哎，我多傻?。?The speaker confesses with regret that he had been very foolish.這就是生活??！The speak

75、er signs with sadness and helplessness after experiencing hardness of life, and expresses his or her understanding of life.多么美味的食物??！The speaker expresses his or her appreciation for the food because he or she thinks the food tastes good.工人們干得多么努力?。he speaker expresses his or her admiration for the workers.2.2 Different Speed Reflects Different Psychology Speed of speaking means people talk fast or slow. And the speed of a persons speaking can reflects this persons psychology since a person with good mental health would show different speed in different environment when they are speaking. G