過(guò)去完成時(shí)用法詳解

1、過(guò)去完成時(shí)用法小結(jié)一、過(guò)去完成時(shí)適用場(chǎng)合1. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示 在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作 。這個(gè)過(guò)去的 時(shí)間常用 by，before 等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示，也可以暗含在上下 文中。I had fini shed my homework before supper我在晚飯前就把作業(yè)做完了。The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我們到劇場(chǎng)時(shí)戲已經(jīng)開(kāi)始 了。By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patie nts.到六月底他們已經(jīng)治療 了一萬(wàn)

2、多病人。2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可表示 過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí) 間或還要持續(xù)下去，常與for，si nee等詞連用。如：He had served in the army for ten yearsbefore he retired last year. 他在部隊(duì)干了十 年，去年退役了。He told me that he had known her sinee he was a ehild. 他告訴我他從小就認(rèn)識(shí)她。 He had learned English for eight yearsbefore he went to England for further st

3、udy. 他在去英國(guó)深造前，已學(xué)了八年英語(yǔ)。3. 在一段情景連貫的文字中，先發(fā)生的事放在后面敘述時(shí) ，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 如：Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 湯姆乘飛機(jī)回家， 他的父親卻已經(jīng) 去世了。4. 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 也用于hardly.when.（岡H就），no sooner.than.（剛 就），It was the first time + that 分句等一些固定句型中 。He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他剛離開(kāi)房間， 他們就

4、議論起他來(lái)。We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.我們剛開(kāi)始就被叫停。It was the first time that he had ever spoke n to me in such a tune他用這樣的語(yǔ)調(diào) 跟我講話，這是第一次。二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 的比較1. 當(dāng)一個(gè)由 before, after, as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)的 從句所表示的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng) 作緊接著發(fā)生時(shí) ，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作均可用 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 來(lái)表示。We had breakfastafter we did morning exercises. 做完早操

5、后，我們吃早飯。The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月臺(tái)時(shí)火車剛 開(kāi)走。They started ploughi ng as soon as they got to the fields.他們一至 U地里就開(kāi)始耕地。2. 按時(shí)間順序敘述兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 時(shí)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走進(jìn)屋子，打 開(kāi)燈，坐在桌子旁。3. 在表示 某人過(guò)去未曾完成的“心愿” 、“打算”

6、、“計(jì)劃”、“想法”、“許諾”等 時(shí)， hope, mean, plan, think, intend 等謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 。I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn't catch the train.我本來(lái)希望昨晚回來(lái) 的，但沒(méi)搭上火車。We had thought to return early but they wouldn ' t let us go.我們本想早回來(lái)的， 但他們不讓我們走。4. 在表示過(guò)去的句子中出現(xiàn)常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用的詞，如：already，yet，since,for，ever，never及次數(shù)

7、名詞等時(shí)，常用 過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示。When we got there the basketball match had already started.我們至 U那里時(shí)，籃球 賽已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。The old man said that he wan ted to go where he hadnever bee n.老人說(shuō)他想至 U他 從未去過(guò)的地方去。5. 如果句中出現(xiàn)了表示具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，句子的內(nèi)容為過(guò)去的實(shí)際情況 或句子的內(nèi)容為 歷史事實(shí)時(shí)，句中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discove

8、red the America n con ti nent. 老師說(shuō)是哥倫布最早發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲大陸。6. 表述說(shuō)話人始料未及的事情時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。由于受漢 語(yǔ)表述習(xí)慣的影響，常會(huì)用錯(cuò)時(shí)態(tài)。Jack, you are also here! I didn t see you.杰克，你也在這??！我沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)你。隨講隨練1. Joh n, a frie nd of mine, who got married only last week, spe nt $3,000 more tha nhefor the wedding. 2006 年全國(guó) II 卷A. will pla nB. has

9、pla nned C. would pla nD. had pla nned2. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk Ito half adozen other groups.2006 年湖南卷A. was givingB. am giving C. had give nD. have give n3. Fatherfor London on bus in ess upon my arrival, so I didn t see him.2005年福建卷A. has leftB. leftC. was le

10、avi ngD. had left4. Sheher hairstyle in her hometow n before she came to Chongqing for abetter job.2004年重慶卷A. would cha nge B. has cha nged C. cha ngedD. wascha nging5. Heto spe nd the importa nt day with us last Sun day, but he was too busythen.A. hopedB. has hoped C. had hopedD. would hoped6. Whe

11、n the old manto walk back to his house, the sunitselfbehind the mountain.2005 年湖北卷A. started; had already hidde nB. had started; had already hidde nC. had started; was hid ingD. was starti ng; hid7. Sales of CDs have greatly in creased since the early 1990s, whe n peopletoenjoy the adva ntages of this new tech no logy.2004 年江蘇卷A. begin B. began C. have begun begun8. Oh, is that you, Bob Err.yes. Ah, you' re Mary. Sorry I