學(xué)而思新概念語法整理(共41頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上語法一:人稱代詞 人稱 代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 人稱代詞主格I weyou you heshe itthey賓格me us youyouhimher itthem句型轉(zhuǎn)化（Be動詞做謂語）肯定句：主語+be動詞否定句：主語+be動詞+not一般疑問句：be動詞+主語?物主代詞I weyou you heshe ittheymyouryouryourhisheritstheir特殊疑問句：What colour is? Its red.What nationality are you? Im Chinese. Where are

2、 you from? Im from China.Where do you come from? I come from China.Whose bag is it? Its my bag. Whats your job? Im a mechanic.Whats the weather like？ Its sunny/rainy/snowy/cloudy.Whats the climate like? Its pleasant/warm/wet/dry. 語法二：一、不可數(shù)名詞定義：“抽刀斷水水更流”（難以分開的一個整體，不可分割的事物）。特點：1、前面無a/an，后無s；2、表達復(fù)數(shù)用量詞修

3、飾，量詞可數(shù)；Eg. Milk-a bottle of milk-two bottles ofmilkSoap-abar of soap-three bars of soap二、some和any用法相同點：表示一些，后面都可加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞不同點：some常用在肯定句，但是在表示建議，反問，請求的疑問句中，或期望得到肯定回答時，多用some而不用any；any用在否定句和疑問句。三、指代用法One指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)Ones指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)Any可指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞四、句型1、Do you like？Yes, I do.Yes, I do. But I dont wantNo,

4、 I dont.2、Do you want?Yes, please.No,thank you / thanks. I dont like.五.名詞復(fù)數(shù)特殊變化規(guī)則：可數(shù)名詞的不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)變化woman-women, man-men, tooth-teeth,deer-deer, child-children, fish-fish, foot-feet,goose-geese, sheep-sheep, ox-oxen 國人變化：中日兩瑞永不變, 英法荷蘭A變E,其他國人S加后邊.Japanese -Japanes；Englishman-Englishmen ； ChineseChinese；Ge

5、rmanGermans ； AmericanAmericans語法三一、介詞in 在.里on 在.上under 在.下面beside 在.旁邊between 在兩者中間among 三者或以上中間over 在.上（無接觸面的垂直上方；從一端到另一端）above 在.上（無接觸面的上方，不一定垂直）across 橫穿、穿過（強調(diào)從表面越過）through 穿過（強調(diào)從中間穿過） along 沿著二、There be句型與have got句型1.There be句型：定義：某地(或某時)存在有某人(或某物)。句型結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：There is+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞+地點 There are+復(fù)

6、數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+地點 否定句（be動詞后加not）： There is not+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞+地點 There are not+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+地點疑問句（be動詞提前）： Is there +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞+地點？ Are there +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+地點？特點：“就近原則2.have got句型：定義：它表示某物歸某人（某物）所有，是一種所屬關(guān)系。句型結(jié)構(gòu)：否定句：在have或has后加not,縮寫為havent或hasnt. 疑問句：把have或has提前特點：主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，have要變成has。語法三：小升初小練兵1.There is a bridge _ th

7、e river. A. over B. on C. above D. below 2.They spent about ten days to go _the big desert（沙漠）. A.across B. through C. over D. along3.用there be或have got填空：1) I_ a good father and a good mother.2) _ any books in the bookcase?3) _ a picture and a clock on the wall.4) She _ some dresses.5) What does Mi

8、ke _?語法四一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時用法（1）表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性,永久性的動作。 often 經(jīng)常，usually通常，always 總是，everyday每天，sometimes 有時（2）表示事物的狀態(tài)或特征 There is a scar on his forehead.（3）表示客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，等客觀事實或格言，諺語等。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.注：只有在第三人稱單數(shù)時用動詞的“三單變化”，其他用動詞的原形。動詞變?yōu)榈谌朔Q單數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則：1.多數(shù)在動詞后s （1）直接在動詞詞尾

9、加-s. play plays like likes stay-stays ask-asks work-works get-gets （2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾直接加-es. watch-watches wish-wishes fix-fixes do-does go-goes pass-passes（3）以“輔音字母加 - y”結(jié)尾的動詞，要先變y為i再加-es. try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies2.不規(guī)則變化： be- is have-has一般現(xiàn)在時的句子轉(zhuǎn)換：陳述句（肯定句）：主語加動詞原形/動詞第三

10、人稱單數(shù)； ( 主語 + do/does.)一般疑問句：在主語前加助動詞do (you,以及復(fù)數(shù)), does（單數(shù)she, he, it）變成問句； （Do/Does + 主語 + 動詞原形.）否定句：在主語后謂語動詞前加助動詞dont（I, you,以及復(fù)數(shù)), doesnt（單數(shù)she, he, it）變成否定句，助動詞后的動詞要變成動詞原形。 （主語 + dont/doesnt + 動詞原形.）例：肯定句: I like grapes.否定句: I dont like grapes. 一般疑問句: Do you like grapes? 肯定句：She gets up early ev

11、ery morning.否定句She doesnt get up early every morning.一般疑問句Does she get up early every morning?語法五 現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)一、現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的含義 表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。二、現(xiàn)在進行時各種句式的結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句： 主語 + am/is/are + V.ing E.g.We are having a class. He is painting. She is playing.否定句： 主語 + am/is/are + V.ing E.g.We are not

12、having a class. He is not painting. She is not playing.疑問句： Am/Is/Are + 主語 + V.ing E.g.Are you having a class？ Is he painting？ Is she playing？三、動詞變化規(guī)則（1）“直” ： 一般情況下，直接加ing， 如：do-doing， cook-cooking， stand-standing （2） “去” ：以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing， 如：come-coming，dance-dancing（3） “雙” ：重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加ing，

13、如：run-running, stop-stopping swim-swimming, forget-forgetting 雙寫規(guī)則：1、重讀在詞尾； 2、閉音節(jié)（短音節(jié)）； 3、單輔音字母（在一般情況下，如果某一單詞是以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾，而這個輔音的前面是讀長元音或雙元音，就不能雙寫這個輔音字母。如read-reading, think-thinking等。）（4）“ 改”： 改ie為y，加ing 如： die-dying lie-lying 語法五 小升初小練筆一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_ run_ swim_ make_ go_ like_write_ ski_ read_ h

14、ave_ sing_ dance_二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen ！Some girls _( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look ！They _( have) an English lesson .三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句)_2The students are clean

15、ing the classroom . ( 改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)_ _語法六：一般過去時一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：last year, yesterday等；也可表示過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，常和often, always等頻率副詞連用。注意：發(fā)生在過去時間的動作，并已經(jīng)結(jié)束。 am/is-was一、be 動詞 arewere1、句式結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：主語 + was/were + We were very tired yesterday.我們昨天很累。否定句：主語 + wasnt/werent + I wasnt at home

16、yesterday.我昨天不在家。一般疑問句：-Was/were + 主語 +? -Yes,主語 + was/were. -No, 主語 + wasnt/werent.2、般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時的比較（例子見下表)： 一般現(xiàn)在時every- 一般過去時yesterday She goes to school everyday,But yesterday morning she went shopping.She plays football every afternoon,But yesterday afternoon she played basketball.She chats with(和

17、。聊天) her friends every evening on line,But yesterday evening she chatted with her friends on email.二、行為動詞1、句子構(gòu)成?？隙ň洌?主語 + 動詞的過去式 +. I went to the zoo yesterday. 我昨天去公園了。否定句： 主語 + did not (didnt) + 動詞原形 + . I didnt go to school yesterday. 我昨天沒去上學(xué)。一般疑問句：-Did + 主語 動詞原形 .？ -Yes, 主語 + did. -No, 主語 + did

18、not(didnt) -Did you buy a book last Monday? -Yes, I did. -No, I didnt. 特殊疑問句：疑問詞 + did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + .？ 1) -What did you do last night? -I did my homework. 2) -When did you go to the zoo? -I went to the zoo yesterday. 2、動詞過去式變形 ：1） “直”一般在動詞原形末尾直接加上-ed。 如：look-looked; work-worked; play-played2） “去 ”以

19、不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，去e再加-ed。 如：live-lived; move-moved 3）“雙”末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ed。 如：stop-stopped; drop-dropped4）“改”末尾是輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，先變y為i，然后再加-ed。 如：study-studied; carry-carried5）“特“ 不規(guī)則動詞的過去式需特殊記憶。 am/iswas arewere have/hashad do/doesdid cancould willwould shallshould swimswam singsang ringrang s

20、itsat comecame givegave runran drinkdrank becomebecame beginbegan buybought bringbroughtcatchcaught thinkthought teachtaught sendsent buildbuilt gowent spendspent loselost lendlent meanmenat sweepswept feelfelt learnlearnt/learned smellsmelt sleepslept putput cutcut hithit readread hurthurt letlet b

21、eatbeatcostcost writewrote riderode riserose winwon drivedrove speakspoke getgot forgetforgot choosechose sellsold wakewoke breakbroke3、標(biāo)志詞 yesterday系列yesterday morning; yesterday afternoon; yesterday eveningago 系列a minute ago; an hour ago; a day ago; a week ago; a month ago; year ago; two days ago;

22、 six years agothis 系列this month; this weeklast 系列l(wèi)ast month; last yearthe.before lastthe week before last; the month before last語法六小升初練習(xí)題一、請用正確動詞形式填空。 1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _. 3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(wa

23、tch) TV and _(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. 二、改寫句子：1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home.2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（變一般疑問句)_ he _ _ meat in the fridge?3、She stayed

24、 there for a week.（對劃線部分提問）_ _ _ she _ there?4、There was some orange in the cup.（變一般疑問句)_ there _ orange in the cup?語法七一般將來時1.will 含義：將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)砟骋欢螘r間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動作或狀態(tài)?？隙ň洌褐髡Z + will + 動詞原形 It will rain.否定句：主語 + will not (wont) + 動詞原形 He wont be late for school.一般疑問句：Will + 主語 + 動詞原形？ -Will it snow in G

25、Z? -Yes, it will. -No, it will not (wont).2. be going to含義：近期或事先考慮過的將要發(fā)生的動作以及已有跡象表明必將發(fā)生某事，意為“打算，將要做某事?？隙ň洌褐髡Z + be going to + 動詞原形 I am going to travel. He/She is going to travel. We/They/You are going to travel.否定句：主語 + be not going to + 動詞原形 I am not going to travel. He/She is not going to travel.

26、We/They/You are not going to travel.一般疑問句：Be + 主語 + going to + 動詞原形? Are you going to travel? Is he/she going to travel? Are we/they/you going to travel?3、時間標(biāo)志詞tomorrow; tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening; next year/week/month/hour ; this afternoon/Sunday/evening ; in the future; in + 一段時間時態(tài)小口訣:英語動作

27、有四種：經(jīng)常做，正在做，將要做和過去做。經(jīng)常做用動原或三單，遇到他她它單個做改三單；要借do或does變問否，后面動詞用原型。正在做用be+動詞ing ，兩個朋友不分離,be 用am,is ,are來代替。將要做有兩種：用will（shall）加動原或be going to 加動原。過去做，很簡單，對照經(jīng)常做動詞變成過去式,要借did變問否,后面動詞用原型.語法八：（請您記住以下新概念英語一冊144課的所固定搭配短語）I beg your pardon 請您在重復(fù)（說）一遍Nice to meet you（too） （我也）很高興見到你Look at 看How do you do 你好Be c

28、areful 小心A loaf ofbread 一塊面包A bar of soap/chocolate 一塊香皂/巧克力A bottle of 一瓶.A pound of 一磅.Half a pound of 半磅.A quarter of 四分之一.A tin of 一聽.Hurry up！ 快點！Next door 隔壁Black coffee 不加牛奶的咖啡White coffee 加牛奶的咖啡Come home from school 放學(xué)回家Come home from work 下班回家In the morning 早上In the afternoon 下午In the eveni

29、ng 晚上At noon 中午At night 夜里At the moment 此刻Whats the time? 幾點鐘？Come upstairs 上樓Come downstairs 下樓Hundreds of 數(shù)以百計的On the way home 在回家的途中This morning 今天早晨This afternoon 今天下午This evening 今天晚上tonight 今天夜里Yesterday morning 昨天早晨Yesterday afternoon 昨天下午Yesterday evening 昨天晚上Last night 昨天夜里The day before ye

30、sterday in the morning 前天早晨The day before yesterday in the afternoon 前天下午The day before yesterday in the evening 前天晚上The night before last 前天夜間A low mark 分?jǐn)?shù)很底A high mark 分?jǐn)?shù)很高She said to herself 她心中暗想The way to 到的走法In fashion 流行的，時髦的Im afraid 我恐怕Im sure 我確信，我肯定A lot of 許多（用于肯定句）At all 絲毫、更本、一點也不Going

31、 on holiday 度假Have been to 到過All the time 一直，始終Have been to 到過Drive into 撞倒For sale 供出售、出售Have the last word 最后決定、最后才算The R.A.F. 英國皇家空軍Return ticket 往返票Next door to 與相鄰，在隔壁In five hourstime 在五小時之后。Go back 返回The othe day 幾天前Fell downstairs 從樓上摔下來The Y.H.A. 青年招待所協(xié)會Cheer up 振作起來Full of 充滿了Would you lik

32、e? 你愿意？Could you? 你能?（比Can you?更婉轉(zhuǎn)客氣）Buyon instalments 以分期付款的方式購買Small change 零錢Go back to sleep 繼續(xù)睡覺To takewith 把帶上（with后跟人稱賓格）Have to 不得不（過去式Had to）By myself 我自己By yourself 你自己By himself 他自己By herself 她自己By itself 它自己By ourselves 我們自己By yourselves 你們自己By themselves 他/她/它們自己By oneself 獨自的Not that l

33、ong ago 沒那么久At （以的方式進行、做某事）He cant be 他不可能He must be 他肯定是He cant have been 他那時不可能He must have benn 他那時肯定是Dont be so sure 別那么肯定He may 他可能He might 他可能（沒有He might的程度強）Make upminds 打定主意（up后跟人稱賓格）Look after 照看In the end 最后In the first instance 首先，起初He may be 他可能是He may have been 他可能己經(jīng)Im ot sure 我不敢肯定I wo

34、nder why 我想知道為什么A long time (ago) 很早（前）Get married 結(jié)婚Depend on 依靠，取決于Im late for 我因為而遲到By the way 順便（問，說）Im dressed in 我穿戴著Make up her face 往她的臉上施脂粉Make myselft beautiful 把自己打扮漂亮Was covered with 覆蓋著I went for （表明目的）Pice of paper 紙片Cigarette ends 煙頭Take out 拿出Put away 放到一邊Hundreds of 成百上千的Round the w

35、orld 周游世界季節(jié)、月份、星期Spring 春節(jié)Summer 夏天Autumn 秋天Winter 冬天January 一月February 二月March 三月April 四月May 五月June 六月July 七月August 八月September 九月October 十月November 十一月December 十二月Monday 星期一Tuesday 星期二Wednesday 星期三Tursday 星期四Friday 星期五Saturday 星期六Sunday 星期日Weekend 周未語法九一.情態(tài)動詞定義：在句子中通常用來表示“能力”、“請求或許可”必須、可能等表示情感或態(tài)度的

36、動詞情態(tài)動詞can：含義（一）：表能力，意為“能、會” Can you speak French? Yes, I can. / No, I cant. 含義（二）：表請求或許可，意為“可以” Can you open the window? 注意：can 一般上級對下級或長輩對晚輩，對長輩上級用could結(jié)構(gòu)：can+動詞原形情態(tài)動詞must：含義：表義務(wù)，意為“必須” You must finish the work today. Must I finish the work today? Yes, you must./ No, you neednt.注意：1. must 表示必須時，否定式為neednt； 2. mustnt表示“禁止、不準(zhǔn)” We mustnt play football on the road. 結(jié)構(gòu)：must+動詞原形拓展： 1、 have to不得不，必須（客觀）； must 必須，一定（主觀）; have to (第三人稱單數(shù)用has to)+ 動詞原形; My mother is not at home, so I have to eat outside. 2、 May 比 can 更委婉的請求 May I come i