高中英語語法之現在完成時

1、文檔供參考，可復制、編制，期待您的好評與關注！ 現在完成時講解一、基本結構：主語+have/has+過去分詞(done) 肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他）二、用法1） 現在完成時的完成用法現在完成時用來表示現在之前已發(fā)生過或完成的動作或狀態(tài),但其結果卻和現在有了解,也就是說,動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現在還存在. He has turned off the light.他已把燈關了。(動作結束于過去

2、，但說明的是現在的情況-燈現在不亮了。)I have spent all of my money.(含義是:現在我沒有錢花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含義是:現在桌子已經擺好了.) 2） 現在完成時的未完成用法指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻，一直延續(xù)到現在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。這里的動詞要用持續(xù)性動詞。常與for（+時間段）,since（+時間點）連用. Mary has been ill for three days. Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意:1.現在完成時不能單獨與準確時間連用，(如表示過去的時間狀語）

3、 如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非與for, since連用.2.現在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑問）, just, before, recently, still, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the mi

4、ssing child yet ?3. 現在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如ever, never, twice, several times等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman several times.4. 現在完成時還往往可以同包括現在時間在內的時間狀語連用,如up to thes

5、e few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5. 現在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現在這段時間內重復發(fā)生的動作. We have had four texts this semester. 6. have been to 和have gone to的區(qū)別have been to 強調“去過”，現已不在那里，如：He has be

6、en to the USA three times.他到美國去過三次。（過去“到美國”，現在已“不在美國”）have gone to主要強調的是“去了”，現在人不在說話的現場，如：-Wheres your mother? -你媽媽在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. -她去醫(yī)院了。has been in 一直在某地三、現在完成時考點例析現在完成時是較難掌握、中考考查較多的時態(tài)。涉及的考點有：一、考查其構成助動詞have (has) +動詞過去分詞構成現在完成時。如：1. Kates never seen Chinese films，_ ? A. hasnt she

7、 B. has she C. isnt she D. is she析：陳述句部分含否定詞never,簡略問句部分要用肯定式，又因Kates是Kate has的縮寫，故選B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改為否定句)His uncle _ posted the photos to him _. 析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑問句中，故填hasnt, yet。3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _her parents. A. has B. had C. did D.

8、 have析：so+助/系/情態(tài)動詞+主語結構中的動詞形式應與前句結構中動詞形式保持一致，又后句的主語為her parents是復數,故選D。二、考查其用法與標志詞(一)當句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等時，常用現在完成時。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished2. -_ you _anywhere before

9、? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：據yet和before可知,應用現在完成時，故1題選D，2題選D。(二)當句中有for +段時間或since +點時間等時，主句常用現在完成時，謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，若是非延續(xù)性動詞，要改為延續(xù)性動詞或表狀態(tài)的詞(短語)。如：1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he

10、 came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for析：主句用的是現在完成時，而從句用的是一般過去時，故選C。2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had析：A、B、C均為非延續(xù)性動詞，在肯定句中不與表段時間的短語連用，故選D。3. I_a letter from him since he left. A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent hea

11、rd析：據since可知，應排除A、C，hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb.意為收到某人的來信，故選B。三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的區(qū)別。如：1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to析：據句中的have，排除A，B項意為去某地了，C項意為一直呆在某地，D項意為去過某地，符合題意，故選D

12、。2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been析：本題句中有for+段時間結構，據此可排除C，B項意為去過某地，不合題意，D項缺介詞，故選A。四、考查現在完成時與其他時態(tài)的了解和區(qū)別。如：1. Suns aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正確的句子)析：非延續(xù)性動詞與段時間連用時，除了把非延續(xù)性動詞改成延續(xù)性動詞外，還可把動詞改為一般過去時或借助句型Its +段時間+since+從句進行句子轉換。故

13、答案為：Suns aunt has been there for ten years. /Suns aunt went there ten years ago. /Its ten years since Suns aunt went there. 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改為同義句)_more than ten years _Susan _to this city. 析：據上題分析，且since引導的從句要用一般過去時，故填It is, since, came。3. I wont go to the con

14、cert because I _my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. is coming析：因我丟了票的動作發(fā)生在過去，而且對現在造成了我不能參加音樂會的結果，符合現在完成時所表示的含意，故選C。英語的行為動詞有持續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之分，使用中應注意兩者的區(qū)別。一、持續(xù)性動詞: 表示一個動作可以持續(xù)一段時間或更長時間。常見的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, k

15、eep等。二、瞬間性動詞: 表示一個動作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱終止性動詞。常見的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等瞬間性動詞在完成時中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用，通常有兩種方法：（1）用意思相

16、當的持續(xù)性動詞來替換He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （他參軍已有3年了。）不用has joined She has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。）不用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （離家已有好久了嗎？）不用has left 常用瞬間動詞相應持續(xù)性動詞關系：1、gobe away 2、comebe here 3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away（be

17、 not here） 5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep 7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on 9、finishbe over 10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost 13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on 15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/beseated 17、joinbe in（）或be amember 18、becomebe（2）用it issince結構來替換瞬間動詞例如：電影已經開映5分鐘了。（兩種方法）（1）The film has been o

18、n for five minutes. （2）Its five minutes since the film began.他離開上海已有3天了。（兩種方法）（1）He has been away from Shanghai for three days. （2）It is three days since he left Shanghai.這本書我還給圖書館已有兩周了。（一種方法）Its two weeks since I returned the book to the library. 他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一種方法） How long is it since be found his

19、 sister?4、瞬間動詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用例如：I havent seen you for a long time.（好久沒見到你了。）現在完成時專項練習一、 單項選擇。1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know . will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he?. already . never . ever . still 3、Have you met Mr. Li _？. ju

20、st . ago .before .a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _. has changed ; well . changed; good. has changed ; better . changed; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this scho

21、ol for two years . was; studying . will; study. has; studied . are; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When

22、 _ there?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. Did; do; finished . Have; done; finished. Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in D. has been in 12、Do

23、you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months. been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since he left the

24、 army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office. she _ to the library. has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years. have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for