牛津版廣州版八年級英語上冊unit-2課文重點、語法點分析與練習

1、第二講Unit 2 Numbers【學習目標】 1.學習Uint 2的重難點詞、短語、句型：2.情態(tài)動詞should, ought to 的用法?！倦y點、重點分析】（一）、重點單詞、短語1.Read a story about numbers.讀一個關于數(shù)字的故事。 Number此處用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“數(shù)字”。Number還可表示“號碼”。 We often use Arabic numbers in our daily life. 在我們的日常生活中我們經(jīng)常使用阿拉伯數(shù)字。 Whats your telephone number?你的電話號碼是多少？ 拓展：number還可用作及物動詞，意為

2、“標序號；給編號”。 Please number the pictures.請給這些照片編上序號。2.Check some Maths problems.檢查一些數(shù)學題。 （1）.check及物動詞，意為“檢查；核實”。 Our teachers check our homework every day. 我們的老師們每天給我們檢查作業(yè)。 Please check the answers.請核實答案。 拓展：check 的相關短語： Check in登記；檢票 check out辦請手續(xù)后離開 check up檢查 （2）Problem可數(shù)名詞，意為“問題，難題”。 He worked out

3、 the Maths problem.他算出了那道數(shù)學難題。 These are the problems of youth.這些是青少年的問題。 辨析：problem與question Problem多指有待解決的問題，特別是疑難或令人疑惑的事、人、或情況Solve the problem解決問題Deal with the problem處理問題Question意思相對廣泛，指需要解決或解答的問題Ask questions問問題Answer the question回答這個問題【拓展】（1）.have problem（in）doing sth.做某事有困難 They have some pr

4、oblems (in) getting there on time.他們準時到達那兒有些困難。（2）.No problem.沒問題。Can you help me ?你能幫助我嗎？No problem.沒問題。3.It is 17.8 centimetres long.它有17.8厘米長。 17.8 centimetres long 意為“17.8厘米長”。在英語中表示長、寬、高、面積等，通常用“基數(shù)詞+單位名詞 metre (s),foot/feet, centimeter(s)等+形容詞（long, wide, high, 等）”。 The bridge is about 50 metre

5、s long.這座橋大約50米長。 They are only 15centimetres wide.它們只有15厘米寬。 4.playing chess.下國際象棋。 Play chess是固定短語，意為“下國際象棋”，chess前不加任何冠詞。 The children are learning to play chess.孩子們正學習下國際象棋。 【拓展】play用作動詞時，有一下幾種常見用法：（1）玩耍。此時play為不及物動詞，后面不能直接接賓語。The boy often plays in the street.這個男孩經(jīng)常在街上玩耍。（2）打/踢球。后面直接表示球類的名詞。Pla

6、y basketball打籃球 play volleyball打排球 play football踢足球（3）演奏樂器。表示西洋樂器的名詞前加定冠詞the.Play the piano 彈鋼琴 play the violin拉小提琴（4）玩耍；與玩耍。后接介詞with。He often plays with his little sister.他經(jīng)常和他的小妹妹玩。Dont play with fire.別玩火。5. One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a Game.有一天，一位充滿智

7、慧的老者來到宮殿，國王向他挑戰(zhàn)一次比賽。Challenge作動詞時意為“向（某人）挑戰(zhàn)；作名詞時意為“挑戰(zhàn)”Eg：I challenge the truth of your story.我對你說的情況表示懷疑。Wise是形容詞，意為“有智慧的”。Eg：A wise woman never shows her smart.【拓展】：wisdom n.智慧 eg：Experience is the mother of wisdom.經(jīng)驗為智慧之母。 【Ex.1】完成句子1. 你為什么要檢查臥室呢？Why do you _ the bedroom?2. 聰明的人總是能及時的解決難題。Someone

8、who is _always solve the _ in time.3. 你想向他挑戰(zhàn)嗎？Do you want to _ him?4. 這張書桌大約100厘米長The desk about100_ _.（二）.難句分析1.One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game.有一天，意為充滿智慧的老者來到宮殿，國王向他挑戰(zhàn)一次比賽。 (1).one day意為“有一天；某一天”。 Eg：one day, I met Mr Zhang in the street and he look

9、ed sad. 有一天，我在街上遇見了張先生，他看起來很悲傷。 【注意】one day和some day都可以表示“某一天”，但one day 既可指“過去的某一天”，也可指“將來的某一天”，而some day只表示“將來的某一天”。Eg：I think ,y dream will come true one day /some day.我想我的夢想有一天會實現(xiàn)。Eg：One day, the old man was very ill.有一天，那位老人病的很嚴重。(2).challenge及物動詞，意為“向（某人）挑戰(zhàn)”。Challengeto表示“想某人挑戰(zhàn)”。Eg：Do you want

10、to challenge him?你想向他挑戰(zhàn)嗎？Eg：My father challenged me to a table tennis game.父親向我挑戰(zhàn)一場乒乓球比賽。2.If I win the game, Id like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard, two for second,如果我比賽贏了，棋盤的第一個方格我要一粒米，第二個我要兩粒米，第三個方格我要四粒If引導的條件狀語從句引導條件狀語從句最常用的連詞是if,常用的if條件狀語從句表示在某種條件下，某件事很可能發(fā)生，條件是可能存在的，主句

11、中某種情況發(fā)生的概率也是很高的。Eg：If you ask him, he will help you.如果你請他幫忙，他會幫你的。Eg：If you have finished the homework you can go home. 如果你作業(yè)做完了就可以回家了。另外，If從句還可以表示不可能實現(xiàn)的條件或根本不存在的條件，也就是一種虛擬的條件或假設。從句多用一般過去或過去完成時，表示對現(xiàn)在或過去的一種假設。Eg：If I were you , I would invite him to the party. 如果我是你，我會邀請他參加聚會。Eg：I would have arrived

12、much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic. 要不是交通堵塞，我本會來的早一些。另外還要注意if條件句的時態(tài)搭配有以下幾種情況：（1） if 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用一般將來時，eg：If he runs, hell get there in time.如果他跑著去，就會及時趕到那兒。（2） If 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用may/might/can,Eg:If it stops snowing, we can go out. (3) If 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用must/should, Eg :If you want to los

13、e weight, you must/should eat less bread. 如果你要減肥，你必須少吃面包。 (4) if 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時， Eg：If you heat ice, it turns to water.（也可用will turn） 如果把冰加熱，它就會化成水。 (5) if 從句用現(xiàn)在進行時，主句用一般將來時， Eg：If you are looking for Peter, youll find him upstairs. 如果你是在找彼得，上樓就會找到他。（6） if 從句用現(xiàn)在完成時，主句用一般將來時， Eg：If you have finish

14、ed dinner, Ill ask the waiter for the bill. 如果你吃完了，我就叫服務生來算賬。 在if引導的條件狀語從句的位置靈活，可直接放在主句后面。若if條件句放句首，從句后面要加逗號，和主句隔開。還要注意時態(tài)一致原則。 巧記if用法口訣： If條件句不一般，幾個要點記心間； 條件句，放在前，逗號要放句中間。 條件句表可能，主句多用將來時；條件句表事實，主句常用現(xiàn)在時。3.Wouldt you like gold or silver instead?難道你不想要金子或銀子代替？Instead副詞，意為“代替；頂替”。She is very busy. Lets

15、go instead.她太忙了，還是讓我們去吧?！颈嫖觥縤nstead與instead ofinstead代替，頂替位于句首或末Instead of代替，而不是后接名詞、代詞、動名詞Instead Ill stay at home and do my homework.相反，我會待在家里做作業(yè)。Ill read newspapers instead of seeing a film.我將看報紙而不是看電影。4.The king quickly realized the problem國王很快意識到了問題Realized是動詞realize的過去式。Realize及物動詞，意為“認識到；意識到”

16、，常見用法有：(1)realize+n.At last she realized her mistakes.最后她意識到了她的錯誤。(2) realize+that從句 I realized that it was time to go to school.我意識到該上學了。(3)realize+疑問句+其他I dont think you realize how important this is to her.我認為你沒有意識到這對她有多重要。5.he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squares!他仍然沒有足夠的大米

17、放在所有的方格上！ Enough此處用作形容詞，意為“充足的；足夠的”?？山涌蓴?shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。它放到名詞前面或后面都可以。 He doesnt have enough time/time enough to finish the work.他沒有足夠的時間去完成這項工作。 【拓展】enough做副詞時，意為“足夠地，十分”，通常用于所修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。 Eg：The boy is strong enough to lift the box.這個男孩很強壯，能舉起這個箱子。6.I can teach you how to make more money if you promise t

18、o follow my advice,如果你承諾采納我的建議，我可以教你如何去賺更多的錢。（1）How to make more money是“疑問詞+動詞不定式（短語）”結構，意為“如何去賺更多的錢”，在句中作teach 的賓語。疑問代詞或副詞what/who/whom/which/where/when/how后跟動詞不定式（短語），常用作動詞know/tell/ask/teach等的賓語。He asked me where to park his car.他問我該把他的車停在哪里。Could you please teach me how to make a home page?你能教我如

19、何制作主頁嗎？(2)advice不可數(shù)名詞，意為“建議”。表示“一條建議”用a/one piece of advice,表示一些建議用some advice。 Eg：Ill give you some advice on how to look after your pet dog. 我將給你一些怎樣照顧你的寵物的建議。 【拓展】:（1）.advice的常用搭配： Give sb. Some advice/give some advice to sb.給某人一些建議 Ask for advice征求意見 follow/take sbs advice接受某人的建議 （2）.advice動詞，意為

20、“建議”，后接名詞、代詞或v.-ing形式作賓語，也可用于advice sb.(not)to do sth.結構，意為“建議某人不要做某事”。 She advice us to wait (for) one more day.她建議我們再等一天。 【Ex.2】單項選擇1. If our government_ pay attention to the safety of food, our health_ in danger.A. isnt; is B. doesnt; will be C. wont; is D. isnt; will be2. My brother want to_ his

21、 classmate to a computer game.A. Is challenge B. challenge to C. challenge with D. challenge3. Would you _some bread?A. likes B. like to C likes to D. like4. I will read newspapers _ _ seeing a film.A. instead B. instead of C. no only D. not to5. The dining hall is_ to hold 300 people.A. enough B. e

22、nough small C. small enough D. big enough6. I dont know how to keep healthy, can you give me_?A. an advice B. lots of advices C. a few advices D. some advice三學習語法：（一）基數(shù)詞的構成最基本的基數(shù)詞如下表，其他的數(shù)詞都可由這些詞1 10 11? 19 20-90 100以上1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 11 eleven 12 twelve 13 thir

23、teen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 100 a/one hundred 1, 000 a/one thousand 1, 000, 000 a/one million 1, 000, 000, 000 a/ one billion （美） a/one thousand9 nine 10 ten 19 nineteen 90 ninetymillion（英） （二）其他基

24、數(shù)詞的構成：(1)21 99的兩位數(shù)，在十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)之間加連字符構成。如：53 fifty-three(2)101999的三位數(shù)，由hundred加and再加兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù)。如：325 three hundred and twenty-five（三）基數(shù)詞的用法(1)當hundred, thousand, million, billion等和of連用，表示粗略的數(shù)目時，須用復數(shù)。如：hundreds of people數(shù)以百計的人但如果hundred, thousand, million, billion等詞前有具體數(shù)詞或several時，須用單數(shù)：six hundred people 60

25、0人(2)表示數(shù)字的詞，如：dozen （十二）和score （二十）等，常按以上規(guī)則處理：dozens of eggs成打的雞蛋six dozen eggs六打雞蛋(3)表示“幾十年代”或“幾十歲”時，用逢十的基數(shù)詞的復數(shù)。如：in the thirties在30年代in his fifties在他50多歲時(4)與基數(shù)詞合成的復合定語，其中的名詞用單數(shù)。如：a three-month-old baby三個月大的嬰兒a five-year plan一個五年計劃(5)乘法運算的表示法，單復數(shù)均可：3x5 = 15 Three multiplied by five is (are) fiftee

26、n.二、序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞一般以與之相應的基數(shù)詞加詞尾-th構成，但要注意一些特殊形式。見下表：阿拉伯數(shù)字基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞縮略式1 one first 1st2 two second 2nd3 three third 3rd5 five fifth 5th8 eight eighth 8th9 nine ninth 9th12 twelve twelfth 12th20 twenty twentieth 20th21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st22 twenty-two twenty-second 22nd23 twenty-three twenty-third 23

27、 rd序數(shù)詞的用法作主語 e.g. The third of the month was a holiday.作表語 e.g. Who was the third?作定語 e.g. We live on the fifth floor.作賓語 e.g. I was among the first to learn of this.作同位語 e.g. Who is that man, the first in the front row?作狀語 e.g. When did you first meet him?注：有時序數(shù)詞并不指順序，而是表示再一，又一的意思。此時序數(shù)詞前要加不定冠詞e.g.

28、I want to make a second try.特別提示以y結尾的基數(shù)詞構成序數(shù)詞時，先把y變?yōu)閕, 再加-eth。其他序數(shù)詞的構成(1)幾十幾及以上的序數(shù)詞，其中十位數(shù)或百位數(shù)、千位數(shù)等用基數(shù)詞，只有個位數(shù)才用序數(shù)詞。如：128th: one hundred and twenty-eighth752nd: seven hundred and fifty-second(2)hundred, thousand, million的序數(shù)詞均在基數(shù)詞后加-th構成，即hundredth, thousandth, millionth。三、數(shù)詞的應用（一）倍數(shù)表示法(1)倍數(shù)用在形容詞原級比較的第

29、一個as前面。如：I have twice as many books as you do. 我的書是你的書的兩倍。(2)倍數(shù)用在表示度量的名詞前。如：The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍大。此時它的基本結構為“倍數(shù) + the + 度量名詞 + of + 表示比較對象”的名詞，它也可以用于倍數(shù) + what引導的從句中。如：The length of the railway is three times what it was ten years ago. 這條鐵路的長度是它十年前的三倍。(3)倍數(shù)放在形容詞或副詞的比較級

30、或by + 倍數(shù)放在比較級后。如：This building is twice higher than that one. 這個建筑物比那個建筑物高兩倍。We produced more cars in 2000 than those in 1999 by twice. 我們2000年出產的小汽車是1999年的兩倍。(4)表示倍數(shù)也可用again, double等詞。如：My uncle is as old again as I am. 我叔叔的年齡比我大一倍。The top-brand cigarettes are often sold at double the normal price

31、here. 這里名牌香煙售價經(jīng)常比正常價格高一倍。（二）分數(shù)表示法(1)分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于1時，分母用復數(shù)。如：one-fourth(a quarter)四分之一，two-fifths五分之二(2)分子與分母之間加in, 分子在前，分母在后，分子、分母都用基數(shù)詞。如：one in ten十分之一，four in five五分之四(3)分子與分母之間加out of, 分子在前，分母在后，分子、分母都用基數(shù)詞，如：one out of ten十分之一，four out of five五分之四（三）小數(shù)表示法小數(shù)的表示法，小數(shù)點前的部分同其他數(shù)詞一樣，小數(shù)點用point, 小數(shù)點后

32、面的數(shù)都把它讀成個位數(shù)，如：8.73表示為eight point seven three21.25表示為twenty-one point two five136.45表示為one hundred and thirty-six point four five（四）百分數(shù)表示法表示百分數(shù)直接將數(shù)詞放在單詞percent前面。如：twenty percent百分之二十seventy-five percent百分之七十五特別提示分數(shù)和百分數(shù)后面不能直接跟名詞或代詞，而應是“分數(shù)或百分數(shù) + of + 冠詞或限定詞 + 名詞或代詞”，其謂語動詞與of后面的名詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。如：Two-fifth

33、s of the money was spent on books. 五分之二的錢用在買書上。（五）約數(shù)表示法(1)用ten, dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million等數(shù)詞的復數(shù)加of短語來表示幾十、幾百、上千、上萬、幾百萬等約數(shù)的概念。如：I bought dozens of pencils last year. 去年我買了幾十支鉛筆。Hundreds of students were planting trees on the hill on Tree-Planting Day. 植樹節(jié)那天有好幾百名學生在山上植樹。Scores of police

34、 are sent to help the people in the flood. 幾十名警察被派去幫助災區(qū)的人民。(2)用more than, over, above, beyond, or more等來表示多于某個數(shù)目。如：Our school has a history of more than sixty years. 我校有六十多年的歷史。(3)用less than, under, below, or less, almost, nearly, up to等來表示小于或接近某數(shù)目。如：How can you finish your home work in less than ha

35、lf an hour? 你怎么能在半小時之內就完成你的作業(yè)呢？(4)用or, or so, about, around, some, more or less等表示在某一數(shù)目左右。如：The doctor spent four or five hours performing the operation. 那醫(yī)生花了四五個小時做這個手術。(5)用to, from. . to, between. and表示介于兩數(shù)詞之間。如：I will be back in two to three weeks. 我兩到三周后就回來。（六）時刻表示法1.表示整點用基數(shù)詞加oclock構成，oclock也可省略

36、，介詞用at.8: 00讀作：eight oclock （或eight）We often get up at six (oclock). 我們經(jīng)常6: 00起床。2.表示“幾點過幾分”用past, 但分數(shù)必須在半小時以內（包括半小時）。8: 05讀作：five past eight （或eight five或eight o five）8: 15讀作：fifteen past eight （或a quarter past eight或eight fifteen）8: 30讀作：half past eight （或eight thirty）3.表示“幾點差幾分”用介詞to, 但分數(shù)必須在半小時以上

37、（不包括半小時）8: 40讀作：twenty to nine（或eight forty）8: 45讀作：fifteen to nine（或a quarter to nine或eight forty-five）8: 55讀作：five to nine（或eight fifty-five）（七）編號表示法1.基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞可以表示事物的編號。著重編號，用“名詞 + 基數(shù)詞”；著重順序，用“序數(shù)詞 + 名詞”。如：Lesson One = the first lesson第一課Chapter Four = the fourth chapter第四章2.國王等的頭銜通常用羅馬數(shù)字表示。如：Charle

38、s V查理五世3.電話號碼讀法。如：Tel. No. 797-7936或Telephone number797-7936讀作：Telephone number seven nine seven seven nine three six4.其他號碼讀法。如：Room 111 111房間（讀作：room one one one）Bus (No. ) 102 102路車（讀作：bus (number） one o two)page 176第176頁（讀作：page one hundred and seventy-six或page one seventy-six或page one seven six）

39、（八）年、月、日表示法1.表示年份用基數(shù)詞，先讀前一位或兩位數(shù)，再讀后兩位數(shù)。350 B. C. 公元前350年，讀作：three fifty B. C. 或three hundred and fifty B. C.576 A. D. （或A. D. 576）公元576年讀作：five seventy-six A. D. （A. D. 在不會誤解的情況下可省略）1978 1978年讀作：nineteen seventy-eight1900 1900年讀作：nineteen hundred1806 1806年讀作：eighteen hundred (and) six2001 2001年讀作：(y

40、ear) two thousand(and) one2.表示年代、世紀1980s（或1980s） 20世紀80年代，讀作：the nineteen eightiesthe 21st century （或the twentieth century） 21世紀the sixties 60年代3.表示月份月份為專有名詞，第一個字母須大寫，書寫時可用縮寫形式：1月January (Jan. )2月February(Feb. )3月March (Mar. )4月April (Apr. )5月May6月June7月July8月August (Aug. )9月September(Sept. )10月Octo

41、ber (Oct. )11月November(Nov. )12月December (Dec. )4.表示年、月、日“年”用基數(shù)詞,“日”用序數(shù)詞。如： 1979年5月4日，寫作：May 4th, 1979，讀作：May the fourth, nineteen seventy-nine，或：the fourth of May nineteen seventy-nine【Ex.3】單項選擇1. Please turn to _.A. Page 11 B. the 11 th pageC. page 11 D. page the 11 th2. At night we can see _ star

42、s in the sky.A. thousands and thousands of B. thousand and thousands ofC. a thousand and thousands D. thousand and thousand3. There are some _ in our classroom.A. hundred of books B. the hundreds of books C. hundreds of books D. hundred of book4. _ visitors come to Xingyi during May Day holidays eve

43、ry year.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousand5. - How was your weekend?-Great! It was my grandfathers birthday. We enjoyed ourselves.A. seventy B. seventieth C. the seventieth D. Seventeenth6. About _of the students in Grade Nine this year were born in the_.A. three five; 1996.

44、 B. three fifths; 1990s C. third fifth; 1997. D. third fifths; 1990s7. He wrote his _ novel when he was _.A. five; fifties B. fifth; fifty C. fifth; fiftieth8.Let me tell you _news about cellphones(手機)-Apple asks Samsung to stop copying, and hundreds of people lined up to buy iPhone 4S. A.a B.many C

45、.some D.few9. May is the _ month of a year.A. fifty B. fifteen C.fifth D. five10. A _girl named Dong Xinyi looked after her disabled father.A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. three years old11. Im 13 years old and my sister is 15 years old. So my sister is _ years older than me.A. one B. two C.

46、 three D. fourUnit 2 單元測試一單項選擇題1. There are _ days in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five2. There are_ students in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hund

47、red and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six3._people visit this museum every day.A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of2).There are two_ people in the meeting room.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of3). Every year _ watch NBA on TV.A. million people B. millions of peopl

48、eC. millions people D. million of people4. _ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of5. Look! There are _ in the sky.A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star6. My brother is

49、in_.A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one7. We are going to learn_ this term.A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six3). Please turn to_. Lets read the text aloud.A. Page Two . B. the page two C. second page D. page second8

50、. We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this_. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five9. The year 1999 should be rea

51、d The year_. A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine10. He will come here _ tomorrow morning.A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth11. Every day he begins to do his homework _.A. at ten past seven B.

52、at seven pass tenC. on ten past seventh D. until ten12. He was doing some washing _.A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eightC. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning13. He began to work there_.A. on his fifty B. at age of fifty C. when he fifty D. in his fifties14.

53、They moved to Beijing _A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 C. in the 1980s D. on the 1980s二語法填空：閱讀下面短文，按照句子結構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，給每道題選出最佳選項。Traffic rules are made（制訂） to keep order of the road .Every year 1 of people died or get hurt on the road in China . Please remember ：Keep to the 2 on the road .There are rules to make the roads 3 ., but people dont always obey the rules . They are careless .If everybody obeys the rules , the roads willbe 4 safer. If you like 5 a bike , dont ride in the middle of the road . When you ride a bike with a friend , dont look around to