初升高英語(yǔ)銜接班第2講(共10頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上一. 本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容初升高英語(yǔ)銜接班第2講初中基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)疏理（2）二. 重、難點(diǎn)有關(guān)簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句及并列句的知識(shí)疏理：1. 簡(jiǎn)單句：（1）定義：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）的句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句，如：We learn English . 我們學(xué)英語(yǔ)。（一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)）Both Xiao Zhang and Xiao Wang are from Beijing . 小張和小王都是北京人。（一個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)）He once lived and worked here . 他曾經(jīng)在這里居住和工作過(guò)。（一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)）My father and m

2、other go to work at seven in the morning and come back home at eight in the evening . 我父母早上七點(diǎn)上班，晚上八點(diǎn)回家。（一個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)）（2）分類：上次我們對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句按照句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)分出的5種類型做了闡述；另外，根據(jù)句子的功能或使用目的，簡(jiǎn)單句可分四類：陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句。2. 并列句：（1）定義：用并列連接詞連接起來(lái)的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句叫做并列句。（2）并列句的構(gòu)成：簡(jiǎn)單句+連接詞+簡(jiǎn)單句（3）連接并列句常用的連接詞：and , but , or , so , not only b

3、ut also , however , neithernor , eitheror , still等。eg.I help her and she helps me . 我?guī)退?，她幫我。He is very old but he is in good health . 他年紀(jì)很大了，但他身體很好。We must hurry or well be late . 我們得趕快走，不然就晚了。This girl did her work carefully , so she never made any mistakes . 這個(gè)姑娘工作認(rèn)真，從不出差錯(cuò)。Jim not only wrote to me

4、 last week but also came to see me yesterday . 吉姆上星期不但寫信給我，而且昨天還來(lái)看過(guò)我。Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory . 理論沒(méi)有實(shí)踐不行，實(shí)踐沒(méi)有理論也不行。Either he is to blame or I am . 不是他該受責(zé)備，就是我該受責(zé)備。注意：連接詞so除起連接并列句作用外，兼有結(jié)果意味；有時(shí)so在后一句中代替前一句中某一句中成分。例如：He can swim , so can I . 他會(huì)游泳，我也

5、會(huì)。（so代替swim）Iron is a kind of matter , so are water and air . 鐵是一種物質(zhì)，水和空氣也是物質(zhì)。（so在后一句中起表語(yǔ)作用）3. 主從復(fù)合句（1）定義：主從復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的。主句是句子的主體，從句可視作句子的一個(gè)成分。從句在主從復(fù)合句中可起主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)作用。從句在全句中起什么作用，就叫什么從句。（2）狀語(yǔ)從句：狀語(yǔ)從句在句中起狀語(yǔ)作用，修飾主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。在初中階段我們主要學(xué)習(xí)了以下幾種狀語(yǔ)從句： 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：常見引導(dǎo)詞：when（當(dāng)時(shí)），as（一邊一邊，當(dāng)時(shí)），whil

6、e（在過(guò)程中），before（在以前），after（在之后），since（自從以來(lái)），till（until）（直到，直到才），as soon as（一就）等。進(jìn)入高中階段之后，我們還會(huì)再見到另外一些常用的連接詞。在由以上連接詞或詞組連接的主從復(fù)合句中，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作有時(shí)是同時(shí)發(fā)生、有時(shí)是先后發(fā)生。因此，在理解和運(yùn)用帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，要根據(jù)連接詞所表示的不同時(shí)間意義，特別注意主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。這是掌握時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵。 原因狀語(yǔ)從句：常由because（因?yàn)椋?，since（既然），as（由于）等連接詞引導(dǎo)。eg.He didnt hea

7、r the knocking at the door because he was listening to the radio . 他沒(méi)聽見敲門聲，因?yàn)樗诼犑找魴C(jī)。Since you are free today , you had better help me with my English . 既然你今天休息，你最好幫我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。As the day was fine , they decided to go on a trip . 由于天氣好，他們決定作一次短途旅行。 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：常由where（在地方），wherever（無(wú)論在哪兒）等連接詞引導(dǎo)。如：Ill go where

8、work conditions are difficult . 我愿意到工作條件困難的地方去。Wherever you are , you should work for the people heart and soul . 無(wú)論你在哪里工作，你都應(yīng)該全心全意為人民服務(wù)。 條件狀語(yǔ)從句：常由if（假如，如果），unless（除非）等連接詞或連接詞組引導(dǎo)。如：If I go to the Great Wall tomorrow , would you like to come along ?如果明天我去長(zhǎng)城，你會(huì)和我一起去嗎？He is sure to come unless he has s

9、ome urgent work to do at home . 除非他家里有急事要辦，不然他一定會(huì)來(lái)的。 比較或方式狀語(yǔ)從句：常由asas（像一樣），than（比），thethe（越就越），as（正如），as if（似乎，好象）等引導(dǎo)。如：I know you better than she does . 我比她更了解你。The more you practice , the more knowledge you will get . 你實(shí)踐得越多，你得到的知識(shí)就越多。You should study English as hard as Mary does . 你應(yīng)該像瑪麗那樣努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。

10、The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man . 這位老人跑得很快，簡(jiǎn)單像個(gè)年輕人。（在以as if連接的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，系動(dòng)詞were可用于所有人稱，表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而不是真實(shí)情況。） 目的狀語(yǔ)從句：常由so（使得），that（以便），so that（為了，使得），in order that（這樣就）等來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如：They set out early that they might arrive at the station in time . 他們很早出發(fā)，以便及時(shí)趕到車站。She takes notes carefull

11、y in class so that she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class . 她在課上認(rèn)真記筆記，以便能在課下利用它們復(fù)習(xí)功課。 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：常由so（結(jié)果），so that（結(jié)果），sothat（suchthat）（如此以致）等連接詞引導(dǎo)。如：Everybody lent a hand , so the work was done in time . 人人幫忙，結(jié)果工作及時(shí)完成。He finished his homework so well that his teacher praised him in cl

12、ass . 他作業(yè)完成得很好，結(jié)果他的老師在班上表?yè)P(yáng)了他。The film was so interesting that I enjoyed it very much . 這部電影這么有趣（以致于）我非常喜歡它。It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away . 這是一個(gè)很重的箱子，誰(shuí)也搬不走。 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：常由though（although）（雖然但），even if（即使），however（不管怎樣），whatever（無(wú)論什么），no matter how（who）（不管多么）（無(wú)論誰(shuí)）等連接詞或連接詞組引導(dǎo)。如：He went

13、 to school , though he was ill . 雖然他病了，但還是去上學(xué)了。（注意：有（al）though的句子，就有“雖但是”的含義，不能在主句中用but，但可接yet，still等。）She carried on the job even if she had a bad cold . 即使她患了重感冒，她還是堅(jiān)持工作。However much I tried , I failed to work out the maths problem .無(wú)論我怎么做，都算不出這道數(shù)學(xué)題來(lái)。Whatever you say , I will not change my mind .

14、不論你怎么說(shuō)，我都不會(huì)改變主意。He keeps taking physical training in winter no matter how cold it is . 不論天氣多冷，他都堅(jiān)持在冬天進(jìn)行體育鍛煉。No matter who asks her for help , she is ready to help . 無(wú)論誰(shuí)請(qǐng)她幫忙，她都愿意幫助。（3）定語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who , whom , whose , which , that等。這些是我們?cè)诔踔幸褜W(xué)

15、習(xí)過(guò)的，對(duì)于它們的用法已經(jīng)在以前的講解中多次提到過(guò)，主要掌握它們指代人還是物，在句中可以充當(dāng)什么成分。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有where , when , why等，這些是高中要學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容，在后面的講解中我們會(huì)滲透其用法及定語(yǔ)從句其他內(nèi)容。（4）名詞性從句：在主從復(fù)合句中，從句可以起主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)作用在多數(shù)情況下，這四種句子成分由名詞性詞類充當(dāng)，所以起這四種成分作用的從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：連接詞that , whether , if；疑問(wèn)代詞who , what , which , whose；疑問(wèn)副詞when , where , how , why等

16、。在這四種從句中，我們已學(xué)過(guò)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，其他三種在課文中偶爾出現(xiàn)過(guò)，只要求理解，賓語(yǔ)從句是必須掌握的內(nèi)容，對(duì)于它的三要素也已多次復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)并將有關(guān)練習(xí)題做好，為今后學(xué)習(xí)其他三種名詞性從句打好基礎(chǔ)。【模擬試題】主從復(fù)合句（一）賓語(yǔ)從句：1. She said she would leave the message on the headmasters desk . A. that B. where C. which D. what2. Could you tell me ? Im his old friend . A. where does Jim liveB. when wil

17、l Jim come backC. where Jim has goneD. how is Jim3. Im sorry I cant decide to do .A. what B. how C. when D. where4. I want to know Mother has put the presents round the Christmas tree . A. when B. where C. whether D. that5. He hasnt decide .A. if hell go on a trip to HainanB. when will he go on a tr

18、ip to HainanC. if he goes on a trip to HainanD. when does he go on a trip to Hainan6. Do you know the population of Shenyang ?A. what is B. how much is C. what are D. how many are7. I dont know when . When he , Ill let you know . A. will he come , will comeB. he will come , comesC. he comes , will c

19、omeD. does he come , comes8. Do you know if back next week ? If he back , please let me know . A. he comes , will comeB. will he come , comesC. he will come , comesD. will he come , will come9. Can you guess if they to play basketball with us ? I think they will come if they free . A. come , are B.

20、will come , will be C. will come , are D. come , will be10. Do you know ? Im going to see him . Sorry , I dont know . A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li liveC. where Mr. Li livesD. where Mr. Li lived11. Could you tell me ?A. when shall we startB. who are you waiting forC. where the bus st

21、ation isD. why were you late12. What did your son say in the letter ? He told me that he the Disney World the next day . A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit13. You must remember .A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher sayC. your teacher said whatD. what has y

22、our teacher said14. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book . A. that B. how C. what D. if15. Excuse me . Could you tell me get to the plane ? Certainly . Go straight along here . A. how can we B. how we can C. when can we D. when we can16. Be care

23、ful ! Dont break the bottles . Do you hear I said , David ?Yes , mum . A. what B. that C. why D. if17. Do you know ? Hes Toms father . A. who is he B. what he is C. whats he D. who he is18. Id like to know .A. when will he give back the tapeB. whether has he received higher educationC. that he has b

24、een busyD. whether she will join in our English Evening19. The students are studying hard , for they know .A. what are they studying forB. what are they studyingC. what they are studying forD. why they are studying for20. Will you please tell me ?A. where Pudong Airport isB. how far Pudong Airport w

25、asC. how can we get to Pudong AirportD. when was Pudong Airport built21. Where does he come from ? Pardon ?I asked where .A. did he come fromB. he came from C. he comes fromD. does he come from22. Do you think an English film tomorrow night ?A. is there B. there is going to have C. there is going to

26、 beD. will there be23. He told me a new bridge in his village the next year . A. builtB. will buildC. will be builtD. would be built24. She said she hoped her soon . A. him to see B. he would see C. him seeing D. he is seeing主從復(fù)合句（二）狀語(yǔ)從句：1. The mountain was steep few people in our city reached the t

27、op . A. so , as B. so , that C. as , as D. too , to2. Time passed quickly and three months went by we knew it . A. when B. after C. before D. till3. What are you going to do in the future ? Id like to be a doctor you are . A. so B. as C. what D. when4. He wait until the rain .A. wont , will stop B.

28、wont , stop C. will , stops D. will , will stop5. Although I the truck for half a year , it still looks new . A. have bought B. bought C. have had D. had6. Is David at school today ? No . He is at home he has a bad cold . A. because B. if C. though D. until7. Well climb Qianling Hills if it next Sun

29、day . A. wont rain B. rain C. rainy D. doesnt rain8. Jim has been in the factory for two years he left school . A. when B. since C. as soon as D. whether9. hes very young , he knows several languages . A. Though , but B. Because , so C. Though , / D. Because , /10. I was cleaning my room Tom called

30、me . A. when B. until C. while D. if11. We will visit the Great Wall it doesnt rain tomorrow . A. until B. before C. as D. if12. I was reading a newspaper he came in . A. as soon as B. since C. while D. when13. The little boy ate a big meal he said he wasnt hungry . A. if B. though C. because D. as1

31、4. Youd better do it your mother did . A. when B. as C. like D. because15. Wang Lin will come to see you he reaches this city . A. before B. since C. while D. as soon as16. all the passengers are here . Why dont we start at once . A. As soon as B. After C. Now that D. When17. Ill come to see you Im

32、free next Sunday . A. until B. after C. if D. before18. I went to bed at ten I did my homework . A. when B. because C. if D. after19. Mike wants to know if a picnic tomorrow . Yes . But if it , well visit the museum instead . A. you have , will rain B. you will have , will rainC. you will have , rai

33、nsD. will you have , rains20. I dont go to bed I finish my homework . A. until B. when C. after D. since21. I dont know if it tomorrow . If it , I will not go finish . A. rains , rains B. rains , will rain C. will rain , rains D. will rain , will rain22. They were doing maths exercises I left . A. b

34、efore B. until C. when D. as soon as23. Mr. Green doesnt climb down the chimney until the children .A. fall asleep B. were asleep C. go to bed D. are sleeping24. Ill catch up with Lucy before she the finishing line . A. reach B. is reaching C. reaches D. will reach主從復(fù)合句（三）定語(yǔ)從句：1. The picture has a h

35、ouse and flowers is the one I like best . A. who B. which C. where D. whose2. This is the man last night . A. whom I saw him B. whom I sawC. which I sawD. who I saw him3. Do you know the man spoke just now ?A. which B. what C. who D. whom4. The result of the experiment was very good , we hadnt expec

36、ted（預(yù)料）.A. when B. that C. which D. it5. A child parents are dead is called an orphan . A. which B. his C. whose D. with6. I will never forget the day we spent together last week . A. that B. which C. / D. A, B and C7. This is the very boy I have been looking for . A. which B. that C. who D. whom8.

37、I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . Is that the reason you had a few days off ?A. why B. when C. what D. where9. In fact the Sweden did not understand the three questions were asked in French . A. where B. who C. in which D. which10. The man teaches us Chinese is from Hunan . A. that B. w

38、hom C. which D. /11. I dont like such a person often lies before your face . A. what B. that C. as D. which12. The trees were planted last year grow well . A. who B. whom C. which D. /13. He talked about the people and things interested him greatly during his stay here . A. which B. that C. who D. t

39、hey14. The house the old man lives in was built in 1945 .A. who B. that C. which D. Both B and C15. He is not the man he used to be . A. that B. whose C. which D. what16. I lost the book my sister bought last week . A. that B. which C. / D. A, B and C17. He is one of the students who praised by the

40、teacher . A. were B. was C. have D. has18. The village he lives is very beautiful .A. in that B. in whom C. in which D. that19. The doctor is leaving for Africa next month . A. the nurse is talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking20. Mary likes

41、to eat food has chocolate in it . A. that B. it C. those D. this21. He wrote to me and told me everything he saw on the way to Beijing . A. who B. that C. which D. whom22. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks thousands of visitors every day . A. which attracts B. which attract C. that attr

42、act D. it attracts23. Which of the following sentence is right ?A. He lost the bike his uncle bought it for him . B. I hate people that talk much but do little . C. This is the most interesting film which I have ever seen it . D. The man that you met him in the street is from Beijing . 24. Can you tell me the name of the factory you visited last week ?A. what B