情態(tài)動詞講義和專項練習(xí)

1、情態(tài)動詞講義和專項練習(xí)情態(tài)動詞有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should), will (would), dare (dared), need (needed),ought to等。 情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化；不能單獨(dú)使用，必須與其后的動詞原形構(gòu)成謂語一、 can, could1) 表示能力（體力、知識、技能）。e.g. Can you lift this heavy box?（體力）Mary can speak three languages.（知識）Can you skate?（技能）此時可用be able to代替。ca

2、n只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去式；而be able to則有更多的時態(tài)。e.g. Ill not be able to come this afternoon.當(dāng)表示“經(jīng)過努力才得以做成功某事”時應(yīng)用be able to，不能用can。如：e.g. He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.Although he cant swim, yet he was able to cross the river.2) 表示請求和允許。e.g. -Can I go now? - Yes, you c

3、an. / No, you cant. 此時可與may互換。在疑問句中還可用could, might代替，不是過去式，只是語氣更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答語中。e.g. - Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. )3) 表示客觀可能性（客觀原因形成的能力）。e.g. Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4) 表示推測（驚訝、懷疑、不相信

4、的態(tài)度），用于疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中。e.g. Can this be true?This cant be done by him.How can this be true?5）“can + have done”主要用于否定句和疑問句中，表示對過去發(fā)生的行為懷疑或不肯定。e.g. He cannot have been to that town.Can he have got the book?“could + have done”表示虛擬語氣。e.g. But for your help, we couldnt have finished the task before the deadl

5、ine.You could have achieved better results but you wasted the valuable time.6）習(xí)慣用法：cannot too “再也不過分”e.g. You cannot be too careful in the choice of your friends._二、 may, might 1) 表示請求和允許。might比 may語氣更委婉，而不是過去式。否定回答時可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。e.g. -Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt.- M

6、ay/Might I take this book out of the room?- Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. )用May I.？征徇對方許可時比較正式和客氣，而用Can I.？在口語中更常見。2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。e.g. May you succeed!3) 表示推測、可能性（表示此意時，不用于疑問句）。might不是過去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。e.g. He may /might be very busy now.Your mother may /might not know the truth.4）“may / might

7、 + have done”表示對過去行為的推測。e.g. Without the heavy traffic, we might have caught the train.5）習(xí)慣用法：may / might as well + do “不妨”e.g. You might as well have an another try.三、 must, have to1) 表示必須、必要。e.g. You must come in time.在回答引出的問句時，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不準(zhǔn)），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）.e.g. - Must we hand

8、 in our exercise books today?- Yes, you must.- No, you dont have to / you neednt.2) must是說話人的主觀看法， 而have to則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。must只有一般現(xiàn)在時， have to 有更多的時態(tài)形式。e.g. The play isnt interesting, I really must go now.I had to work when I was your age.3) 表示推測、可能性（只用于肯定的陳述句）e.g. Youre Toms good friend, so you must know

9、what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now.表示肯定推測的否定句，用cannote.g. This cannot be your pen.4）“must + have done”對過去行為的肯定推測，否定句用cannot.e.g. It must have been rainy yesterday, wasnt it?It must have rained yesterday, didnt it?5）have got to是have to 的口語形式。e.g. You havent got to go to schoo

10、l today, have you?6）must “偏偏”e.g. Why must it rain on Sunday?We were going to see a movie, but it must rain yesterday.四、 dare, need1) dare作情態(tài)動詞用時, 常用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中, 過去式形式為dared。e.g. How dare you say Im unfair?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?If we dared not go there that day, we

11、couldnt get the beautiful flowers.2) need 作情態(tài)動詞用時, 常用于疑問句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。e.g. You neednt come so early. - Need I finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.3) dare和 need作實(shí)義動詞用時， 有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。而need后面只能接帶t

12、o的不定式。e.g. I dare to swim across this river.He doesnt dare (to) answer.He needs to finish his homework today.4）“neednt + have done”表示虛擬語氣，本不必做某事而事實(shí)上卻做了。e.g. You neednt have waited for me.5）need doing = need to be done.e.g. The washing machine needs repairing. = The washing machine needs to be repair

13、ed.6）“I dare say”意為“我猜測”e.g. I dare say he will come. 五、 shall, should, ought to1) shall 用于第一人稱，征求對方的意見。e.g. What shall we do this evening?2) shall 用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。e.g. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告)He shall have the book when I finish it.(允諾)He shall be punished.(威脅)3）shall

14、用于第一，第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵?。e.g. Shall we begin our lesson?When shall we be able to leave the hospital?4）should, ought to表示“應(yīng)該”，ought to表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，比should語氣重。e.g. I should help her because she is in trouble.You ought to take care of the baby.5) 表示勸告、建議和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑問句中常用should。e.g. Yo

15、u should / ought to go to class right away.Should I open the window?6) should表示主觀推測，“估計”“按道理應(yīng)該”e.g. He ought to/should be home by now.They should finish it by now.7）“should + have done”用于虛擬語氣，本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上并未做某事。e.g. You should have arrived here 5 minutes earlier.8）特殊用法：“竟然”“居然”表示說話人感到意外，贊嘆，憤怒，驚異等感情。e.g

16、. You cant imagine the gentleman should be a thief.e.g. I dont know why you should think I did it.“倒是”，用于第一人稱時表示說話人的一種謙遜，客氣，委婉的語氣。e.g. I should think it would be better to try it again.I should advise you not to do that.六、 will, would1) will表示請求、建議等，would更委婉。e.g. Will / Would you pass me the ball, p

17、lease?2) will表示意志、愿望和決心。e.g. I will never do that again.They asked him if he would go abroad. 3) would表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。would表示過去習(xí)慣時比used to正式，且沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣”的含義。e.g. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.The wound would not heal.4) would表示估計和猜想。 e.g. It would be about ten oclock when sh

18、e left home.5）would用在虛擬語氣中（參考虛擬語氣語法）。e.g. If it should rain, the crop would be saved.七、 情態(tài)動詞+不定式完成式（have done）1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本來可以做而實(shí)際上未能做某事”，是虛擬語氣；在疑問句或否定句中表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定, 表示推測。e.g. You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. （虛擬語氣）He cant have been to that town.（推測）C

19、an he have got the book?（推測）2) may / might +不定式完成式（have done）表示對過去行為的推測。不能用于疑問句中。might所表示的可能性比may小。e.g. He may not have finished the work. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.3）must +不定式完成式（have done）用于肯定句中，表示對過去行為的推測。意為“一定、想必”。其疑問、否定形式用can，cant。can / could + have done表示推測。

20、e.g. You must have seen the film Titanic.He must have been to Shanghai.4）should +不定式完成式（have done）用于肯定句中，表示對過去行為的推測。e.g. He should have finished the work by now。表示“本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上沒有做某事”，其否定式表示某種行為本不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了?？梢耘cought to +不定式完成式（have done）互換。e.g. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didnt.)She shou

21、ldnt have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.5) neednt +不定式完成式（have done） 表示“本來不必做而實(shí)際上做了某事”。e.g. You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.6) will +不定式完成式（have done） 主要用于第二、三人稱，表示對已完成的動作或事態(tài)的推測。e.g. He will have arrived by now.情態(tài)動詞專項練習(xí)1. He _ you more he

22、lp, even though he was very busy.    A. might have given   B. might give     C. may have given   D. may give2. Jenny_ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.    A. must       B. should    &#

23、160;C. need        D. would3. . -Could I borrow your dictionary?     -Yes, of course you_     A. might    B. will C. can  D. should 4. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her.    A. had to write it out

24、                B. must have written it out    C. should have written it out        D. ought to write it out5. Shall I tell John about it?   No, you _ . I've told him already.    A. needn't

25、60;         B. wouldn't     C. mustn't         D. shouldn't6. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.     It_ a comfortable journey.   

26、;A. can't be      B. shouldn't be    C. mustn't have been       D. couldn't have been7. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack_ be here at any moment.   A. must       B. need   

27、     C. should        D. can8. .When he was there, he_ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work   every day.    A. would        B. should C. had better       

28、 D. might9. .Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.    A. oughtn't to       B. can't    C. won't        D. needn't10. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but every

29、one _ get out.    A. had to    B. would    C. could    D. was able to11. -When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.    -They _be ready by 12:00.    A. can   B. should  

30、 C. might   D. need12. .-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.   -Oh, did you? You_ _with Barbara.    A. could have stayed   B. could stay    C. would stay      D. must have stayed13. Will you stay for lunch?  

31、0; Sorry, ,My brother is coming to see me.    A. I mustn't      B.I can't        C. I needn't       D.I won't14. Sorry I'm late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.   A. might 

32、;   B. should    C. can     D. will15. I should have been there, but I _ not find the time. A. would     B. could    C. might    D. should 16. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yes

33、terday afternoon, so he _ your lecture.    A. couldn't have attended      B. needn't have attended    C. mustn't have attended      D. shouldn't have attended17. - Are you coming to Jeff's party? - I&

34、#39;m not sure. I _go to the concert instead.Amust Bwould Cshould Dmight18. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?       Acan     Bshould     Cmay     Dmust19 He hesita

35、ted for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.      Ahad scored       Bscored      Cwould score      Dwould have scored20. Write to me when you get home.       _   

36、60;   AI must    BI should   CI will    DI can21. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. A. mustn't leave B. Shouldn't have left C. Couldn't have left D. needn't leave22. Oh, Im not feeling well in the st

37、omach, I_   so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldnt cut      B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten    D. mustnt eat23. -I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.-It _ be true because there was little snow there.   

38、; A may not be    B wont be    C couldnt be    D mustnt be24. It has been announced that candidates_ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.    A can            B will          

39、0; C may            D shall25.A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially in a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will26. - I don't mind telling you what I know.（2004） - You . I'm not asking you for it.A. mustn

40、9;t B. may not C. can't D. neednt27. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police?A. should B. may C. will D. can28. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up.A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriv

41、ing29. You _ be tired - you've only been working for an hour.A. must not B. won' t C. can' t D. may not30. Who is the girl standing over there ? Well , if you know , her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall31. - Isn' t that Ann's husband over there?     -

42、No, it _ be him -I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.    A. can't           B. must not           C. won't           

43、 D. may not32. - Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. - You have my computer if you don't take care of it.A. shan't B. might not C. needn't D. shouldn't33. “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the j

44、udge.A. may B. should C. must D. shall34. I _pay Tracy a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.A. should B. might C. would D. could35. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.（2005） A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt36. There _ be any difficulty

45、 about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A . mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt37. -Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. -She _. Ive already borrowed one.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt38. I was on the highway when this car went past follo

46、wed by a police car. They _ at lease 150 km an hour. A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done39. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet.A. shall B. must C. may D. can40. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoyin

47、g himself by the seaside.A. should B. mustC. wouldnt D. cant41. Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.Well . He have gone farhis coats still here.AshouldntBmustntCcantDwouldnt42. - The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.- Oh, dea

48、r! She _ a lot of difficulties!A. may go through B. might go throughC. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through43. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it.Ashould put Bcould have putCmight putDmust have put44. Tom , you leave all your clothes on the floor like this !Awouldnt

49、Bmustnt Cneednt Dmay not45. Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks. You it. I could manage it myself.Aneednt do Bneednt have done Cmustnt do Dshouldnt have done46. He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free.A. could B. would C. must D. need47. - I've taken someone else's gree

50、n sweater by mistake. - It _ Harry's. He always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustn't be D. could be48.If I plan to do anything I wanted to ,Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.AwouldBcouldChad toDought to 49.Tom is never late for work. Why is he abs

51、ent today?Something _ to him.Amust happenBshould have happenedCcould have happenedDmust have happened50. John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour?AMustBCanCMayDNeed51. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _be very slow.AshouldBmust Cw

52、ill Dcan52. There's no light on they_ be at home.（2006）A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't53. We hope that as many people as-possible _ join us for the picnic tomorrow.A. needB. mustC. should D. can54. Whats the name?Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you?A. ShallB. Would C. Ca

53、nD. Might55. You know he is not going to let us leave early if we _ get the work done.A. can't B. may not C. shouldn't D. mustn't56. We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.A. neednt B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt57.-Is Jack

54、 on duty today? -It _ be him. It's his turn tomorrow.A. mustn't B. won't C. can't D. needn't58.The weather turned out to be fine yesterdayI _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with meAshould have taken Bcould have taken Cneedn't have taken D，mustn't have taken59. As you wo

55、rked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning.A. maynt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt60.If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party.A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not61._ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would yo

56、u be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be62.Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours.A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must63. - I think Ill give Bob a ring. - You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages.A. willB

57、. mayC. have toD. should64.- Could I have a word with you, mum? - Oh dear, if you _.A. canB. mustC. mayD. should65. May I smoke here ?If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section.A. should B. could C. may D. must（以上65題為歷年有關(guān)情態(tài)動詞的高考題）1. "When _ he leave the hospital?" I asked the doctor.A.

58、 will B. shall C. can D. may2.- They have not finish the work up to now.-Well, they _A. should have B. should C. ought to D. ought have3. Since it is already midnight, we_.A. had better leaving B. ought to have leave C. should take our leave D. might as well leave4._ you be happy!A. May B. Can C. Mu

59、st D. Would5. Must we come tomorrow?A. No, you can't B. No, you needn't C. No, you mustn't D. No, you may not6. You _miss the lesson, though we_ have it on Thursday.A. mustn't.needn't B. needn't.mustn't C. mustn't.mustn't D. needn't.needn't7. To succeed in a difficult task,_.A. one needs to work hard B. to w