初中動詞(教師用)(共5頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語分類練習(xí)動詞部分 【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】 掌握動詞的種類情況。 掌握動詞不定式的用法。 【課前準(zhǔn)備】 要求學(xué)生對所學(xué)動詞進(jìn)行歸類記憶。 【知識要點(diǎn)】 （一）動詞的種類 動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞，按其詞義和在句子中的作用可分為行為動詞，連系動詞，助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。 1行為動詞 行為動詞可分為及物動詞 (vt)和不及物動詞(vi)，及物動詞表示動作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能單獨(dú)作謂語，后跟賓語；不及物動詞表示動作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能單獨(dú)作謂語，但后面不能直接跟賓語，如要帶賓語則與介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語。 如： More and more people study Englis

2、h.(vt) The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi) 2連系動詞 連系動詞本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常用的連系動詞有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。 如： Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. It feels damp. 3助動詞 助動詞本身無詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞，表示否定，疑問及動詞的時態(tài)、語

3、態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)等語法特征，助動詞有 be,do,have,shall,will等。 如： How do you usually come to school? The children are playing yo-yo now. 4情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的意義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和主要動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動詞有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。 如： Can I help you? - Must we go now? No, you needn't

4、. a. can與be able to的用法有所區(qū)別。can只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和過去時，指本身有能力的“能”；be able to用于各種時態(tài)均可，指須經(jīng)過努力而“能”。 b. must與have/has to的用法。must表示說話人主觀認(rèn)為“必須”，只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時；have/has to表示客觀需要，意為“不得不”，它可用于各種時態(tài)。 cneed和dare既可作情態(tài)動詞也可作行為動詞。 （二）動詞不定式 動詞不定式 to do沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能獨(dú)立作謂語，但可以和助動詞或情態(tài)動詞構(gòu)成謂語，又可以在句子中作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語、定語、主語、表語等。但它畢竟是動詞，因

5、此，具有動詞的許多特點(diǎn)，如它可以有自己的賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。1作主語。 如： To learn English is very important. 但實(shí)際上不定式作主語常用 it來作形式主語，而將不定式移至謂語動詞后作真正的主語。如上句可表達(dá)為： It's very important to learn English. 2作表語。 如： My idea is to ring him up at once. 3作賓語。 如： I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School. 4作賓語補(bǔ)足語。a. ask, want, teach,

6、 tell, know, would like, allow等動詞后面接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 如： The policemen asked him to get off the bus. b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 如： We often see Miss Li clean the classroom. c. let, make, have這些使役動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。但在被動語態(tài)中這些不帶to的都須帶上to。 如： In those days t

7、he bosses often made the workers work day and night. d.動詞help接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，可帶to也可不帶to。 如： Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag? 5作定語。 a.與被修飾詞有動賓關(guān)系。如：I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式動詞為不及物動詞，后面的介詞千萬不要省略。 如： Maybe they have three rooms to live in. b.與被修飾詞有主謂關(guān)系。 如： Mr Liang is always th

8、e first to come and the last to leave. c.與被修飾之間只有修飾關(guān)系。 如： I have no time to play cards. 6作狀語，表示目的、原因、方法、方向、結(jié)果等。 如： I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station. 7不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“for sb. to do sth” 作主語時，常用“It is +adj+ for of sb. to do sth”的句式。形容詞good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever, right, wr

9、ong, careful等用“It is +adj +of sb. to do sth.” 其他形容詞用 for。 如： It's dangerous for you to ride so fast. It's very kind of you to help me. 8動詞不定式與疑問句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等連用。 如： I don't know when to start. He didn't tell me where to go. 但上面結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個從句，故上述句子也可表達(dá)為： I do

10、n't know when we'll start. He didn't tell me where he would go. 注意： a.有些動詞或動詞短語不能帶不定式，只能接動詞的-ing形式。 如： enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(錯過),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。 如： The peasants are busy picking apples. Would you mind my opening the door? b.有些動詞后可接不定式，也可接動詞的-ing形式，

11、但意思不同。 如： Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(該寄但還沒做) Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已經(jīng)寄過信了) They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作) They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作) “主謂一致”解題指導(dǎo)一、主謂一致 主謂一致有許多原則，概括起來不外乎三種一致原則，即語法形式一致，概念一致（語言內(nèi)容上一致），毗鄰一致（謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式和緊位于其前的主語一致）。 1. 語法形式一致 （1）單數(shù)主語、單個動詞不定式、動名詞短語以及句

12、子作主語，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。復(fù)數(shù)主語，用and或bothand連接的動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語以及主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： 1) The performance was very funny. 2) Serving the people is my great happiness. 3) Whether well go depends on the weather. 4) Many natural materials are becoming scarce. 5) Both you and I are students. 6) What I think and what

13、 I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. （2）由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等引起的結(jié)構(gòu)跟在主語后面，不能看作是并列主語，該主語不受這些詞組引導(dǎo)的插入語的影響，主語如是單數(shù)，其謂語動詞仍然用單數(shù)形式。例如： 1) My mother, as well as my father

14、, has a key to the office. 2) The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV. 3) His sister no less than you is wrong. 4) The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students. (3)有些代詞只能指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)它們在句子中作主語時，盡管在意義上是多數(shù)，謂語動詞仍要用單數(shù)形式。這類代詞有either, neither, ea

15、ch, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。例如： 1) Neither likes the friends of the other. (兩人都不喜歡對方的朋友。) 2) Everything around us is matter. (我們周圍的所有東西都是物質(zhì)。) (4)在neither of與either of的結(jié)構(gòu)里，一般語法書都認(rèn)為謂語動詞可

16、用單數(shù)形式也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但在美國的TOEFL考試內(nèi)要求用單數(shù)形式。例如： 1) Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard. 2) Has either of them been seen recently? (5)當(dāng)and連結(jié)的兩個名詞是指同一個人或同一件事，and后的名詞前沒有冠詞，謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式；在and后面的名詞前有冠詞，謂語就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： 1)The bread and butter is served for breakfast. (早飯供應(yīng)黃油面包。) 2)The bread and

17、the butter are on sale. (正在出售黃油和面包。) （6）當(dāng)one of結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如： 1)One of those students has passed the examination. 2)A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use. （7）plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of等 + 可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，不可數(shù)名詞的謂語只用單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞的謂語視可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如： 1）Half

18、 of this building is to be completed by spring. 2）Half of the buildings have been painted completely. 3）There is plenty of water in the pail. 4）There are plenty of eggs in the box. （8）如果名詞詞組中心詞是“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞”，謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于of后的名詞或代詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： 1）Over three-quarters of the swampland has been recl

19、aimed. 2）Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. （9）定語從句謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與先行詞一致。例如： 1）He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group. 2）“Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident. 注：當(dāng)one之前有the only等限定詞修飾時，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： He is the only one

20、 of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment. 2.概念一致（語言內(nèi)容上一致） （1）有些集合名詞如crowd, family, team, orchestra（管弦樂隊(duì)）, group, government, committee, class, school, union, firm, staff, public等，它們作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)語言內(nèi)容而定。如果它們作為一個集體單位時，動詞用單數(shù)形式，如就其中的各個成員來說，則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： 1）His family is going to move. 2

21、）His family are very well. 3）The public is / are requested not to leave litter in the park. 注：如這類詞后跟有定語從句時，定語從句的謂語動詞也遵循概念一致的原則，強(qiáng)調(diào)具體成員時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，關(guān)系代詞用who; 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，關(guān)系代詞用which。例如： 1）The government who were responsible for this event attempted to find a solution. 2）The government which was responsi

22、ble for this event attempted to find a solution. (2)有些表示總稱意義的名詞，形式上是單數(shù)，而意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如people, police, militia, cattle, poultry（家禽）等。例如： 1）Cattle were allowed to graze on the village common. 2）The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard. (3)有些名詞形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)。如news, means, works.還有許多以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，如economics, physics, mechanics, politics等，它們作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如： 1）Politics is a complicated business. 2）Here is the news. (4)復(fù)數(shù)主語與each連用時，應(yīng)不受each的影響，謂語動詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： 4) The old workers and the young each have their own tools. (5)表