化學(xué)化工專業(yè)英語長句完整版答案

1、化學(xué)化工專業(yè)英語答案 第九章長句練習(xí)課后習(xí)題答案? 1、The two pairs of electrons of oxygen maybe shared with, one carbon alone forming a double bond,or with two separate carbons, or with one carbon and one hydrogen forming only single bonds.-譯文：氧上的兩對(duì)電子可與一個(gè)碳共用而形成雙鍵，也 可與兩個(gè)不直接相連的碳原子共用形成單鍵，也可與一 個(gè)碳原子和氫原子分別形成單鍵。（相當(dāng)于三個(gè)并列句， 順譯法）? 2、

2、 Although organic chemistry is more than 150 years old, its progress is faster than ever, as the result of new theoretical concepts and experimental techniques from other areas of science.?譯文：盡管有機(jī)化學(xué)的歷史已超過150年，但由于其它領(lǐng)域內(nèi)不斷涌現(xiàn)出新的理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)，有機(jī)化學(xué)的發(fā)展速度比以往 任何時(shí)候都要快。（倒譯法，把 as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句提前）? 3、The synthesis of organic

3、 compoundsinvolves conversion of available substances of known structure, through a sequence of particular, controlled chemical reactions, into other compounds bearing a desired molecularstructure.-譯文：有機(jī)化合物的合成是將已知結(jié)構(gòu)的物質(zhì)，通過特定的、可控制的化學(xué)反應(yīng)，轉(zhuǎn)化為含有目標(biāo)分子結(jié)構(gòu)的其它化合物。（順譯法）4、 It is frequently carried out by treating

4、 the hydrocarbon with a mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid of certain concentration at some temperature suitable for the particular nitration.-譯文：對(duì)炫類物質(zhì)的處理通常是將硝酸與硫酸按一定濃度比例混合后，于適合的特定溫度下進(jìn)行硝化。（將某一部分作為謂語）5、 The alternate double bond arrangement in the six carbon ring is the characteristic of aroma

5、tic hydrocarbons andis responsible for the characteristic properties of this type of compounds.-譯文：六碳原子環(huán)上雙鍵的交替排列是芳香煌的特征，這種結(jié)構(gòu)可解釋芳香烴的主要性質(zhì)。（順譯法，難點(diǎn)在后面一句，必須意譯）6、 Total determination of structure is also possible by means of X-ray diffraction, so that the classical goal of structure studies-ascertaining t

6、he relative spatial positions of all the atoms in any molecule-can be readily and routinely attained.-譯文：由于通過X-射線衍射也可對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行全面測定， 因此我們可以很方便地達(dá)到結(jié)構(gòu)研究的傳統(tǒng)目標(biāo)一一確 定任意分子中所有原子的相對(duì)空間位置。(分譯法，不 夠完美)7、 On the other hand it has long been the practice to attempt the synthesis of natural products in the laboratory once

7、 their structures had been determined.-譯文：換句話說，一旦天然產(chǎn)物的結(jié)構(gòu)被確定，人們就 一直試圖在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中將其合成出來。(倒譯法，把狀語 提前)8、Manyman-madesubstances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural product cannot meet our ever-increasing requirement, or, more often, because the physical properties

8、 of the synthetic substance, (which is the common name for man-made materials), have been chosen, and even emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest use in the field (in which it is to be applied).-譯文：許多人造物質(zhì)正在取代天然物質(zhì)，因?yàn)橐环矫嫣烊划a(chǎn)物的數(shù)量不能滿足不斷增長的需求量，更多情況下 是合成產(chǎn)物（通常情況下將其稱為人造材料）的物理性 質(zhì)已被選擇性加強(qiáng)，因此人造材料將在其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域

9、內(nèi)發(fā) 揮出最大用途。9、Valuable solvent vapors carried by a gas stream may be recovered for reuse by washing the gas with an appropriate solvent for the vapors.- 直譯：氣流中有回收價(jià)值的溶劑蒸氣可用針對(duì)蒸氣的恰 當(dāng)溶劑洗滌來進(jìn)行回收。- 倒譯：采用適當(dāng)?shù)娜軇?duì)蒸氣進(jìn)行洗滌，可回收出氣流 中有回收價(jià)值的原溶劑蒸氣。10、At equilibrium, these two rate are equal; cupric ion is still reacting

10、 with ammonia molecules to form the complex, and the complex is still decomposing, but justas muchcupric ammoniacomplex is being decomposedin unit time as is being formed.- 在平衡態(tài)，兩種速率相等；銅離子仍然在與氨分子形成 絡(luò)合物，絡(luò)合物仍然在分解，但單位時(shí)間內(nèi)分解的銅氨絡(luò)合物與生成的剛好一樣多。(順譯法，注意最后一句 的譯法)11、The considerable success of these studies has

11、notonly increased our knowledge (of the intimate details of chemical change )and greatly expanded the possibilities of synthesis, but has also brought a theoretical unity to the whole field of organic chemistry (which has the effect of making its principles easier to teach and to learn).-這些研究的重大成就不僅

12、讓我們更加深入了解到化學(xué)變 化的詳細(xì)信息、提高了合成的可能性，還使得整個(gè)有機(jī) 化學(xué)領(lǐng)域帶來了理論上的統(tǒng)一，從而使得有機(jī)化學(xué)原理 的教與學(xué)都變得較為容易。12、Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free,owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen,( for which it has a strongaffinity).-譯文

13、：由于鋁極易與氧等有著強(qiáng)烈親和性的元素相結(jié)合， 因此自然界中沒有游離態(tài)的鋁單獨(dú)存在，故直到 19世紀(jì) 鋁才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。13、 Organic chemistry in the future will certainlycontinue to blossom in the same exciting way (that has characterized its recent active past), largely towardthe goals suggested in the three areas above.-譯文：將來，有機(jī)化學(xué)會(huì)如過去一樣的繼續(xù)繁榮發(fā)展， 其發(fā)展目標(biāo)主要是上文所述三方

14、面的內(nèi)容。14、 For example, the benzene and toluene are removed from the absorption oil( mentioned above) by contacting the liquid solution with steam, whereupon the vapors enter the gas stream and are carried away, and the absorption oil may be used again.- 解析：這是由三個(gè)句子組成的復(fù)句，連接詞有： Whereupon conj.,因止匕；and-

15、譯文：例如，苯和甲苯與帶蒸氣的液態(tài)溶液接觸后就可 從上文提及的吸收油里除去，然后蒸氣進(jìn)入汽流被帶走， 吸收油就得到了再利用。15、Magnesium is another mineral ( we now obtain by collecting huge volumes of ocean water and treating it with chemicals ) , although originally it was derived only from brines or from the treatment of such magnesium-containing rocks as d

16、olomite, (of which whole mountain ranges are composed).- 譯文：鎂是現(xiàn)在可通過化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)海水進(jìn)行處理而制得 的另一種礦物質(zhì)，不過最初鎂只能從鹵水中獲得，或從 可組成整個(gè)山脈的白云石等含鎂巖石中獲得。16、The idea that the four valence bonds of the carbon atom are directed toward the corners of a regular tetrahedron was advanced in 1874rM by Van't Hoff and independentl

17、y by Le Be1to explain the existence of right-handed and left-handed forms of some organic compounds, which shows in the face development of crystals(enantiomorphism)and in the power of solutions to rotate the plane of polarization of a transmitted beam of polarized light either to the right or to th

18、e left(optical activity).-譯文：碳原子的四個(gè)共價(jià)鍵直接指向規(guī)則四面體的四個(gè) 角的思想是Van't Hoff 于1874年提出，Le Be1則單獨(dú) 指出該想法可以解釋部分有機(jī)化合物中存在右旋和左旋 現(xiàn)象的原因，這表現(xiàn)為晶體的映像異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象和溶液能將 極化光透射光的偏振面向左或向右偏轉(zhuǎn)。17、According to this invention, a method (for the production of elemental titanium from titanium tetrachloride )comprises the step (of combini

19、ng titanium tetrachloride in vapor form with a vaporized alkali or alkali earth metal or metals), the vapors being heated by hydrogen forming a carrier gas (passed through an electric arc to maintain the reacting materials) at a temperature( at which elemental titanium is liquid )but above boiling p

20、oint (of the chloride formed by combining the chlorine of the titanium tetrachloride with the alkali or alkali earth reducing metal employed), the chloride of the reducing metal and other unwanted products being removed in vapor form.-譯文：根據(jù)該發(fā)明，由四氯化鈦制備單質(zhì)鈦的步驟為： 四氯化鈦與堿金屬或堿土金屬以蒸氣態(tài)進(jìn)行反應(yīng)，通過 電弧加熱氫氣使之形成載體氣流以

21、使蒸氣態(tài)的反應(yīng)物質(zhì) 維持在一定溫度，要求該溫度下鈦呈液態(tài)，而四氯化鈦 中的氯與堿金屬或堿土金屬反應(yīng)生成的氯化物則呈氣 態(tài)，因此還原金屬的氯化物和其它副產(chǎn)物以蒸氣的形式 得以移除。18、To illustrate the conclusion that the heat evolution accompanying a change in state of a system is not determined by the initial and final states alone but depends also on the path, and in particular on the w

22、ork done by the system during the change, let us consider a system (composed of a sample of a perfect gas), initially at temperature T and pressure p and finallyat the same temperature T and smaller pressure p2.-譯文：為解釋如下結(jié)論：伴隨系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)改變而產(chǎn)生的熱 效應(yīng)不僅由系統(tǒng)的初態(tài)與末態(tài)來決定，而與過程尤其是 變化過程中系統(tǒng)所做的功也緊密相關(guān)，我們來考慮如下由理想氣體組成的系統(tǒng)：初態(tài)是溫度為T、壓力為p1,末態(tài)的溫度不變?nèi)詾門,而壓力則減小到p2o19、The slurry is filtered to recover the electrolyte solution (for recycling to the electromachining operation ) , and the