英語四級閱讀技巧

1、Reading l朱倩， CathyB-508lTotal: 710l按出題順序：l1. 寫作：106.5l2.快速閱讀：71 1和2在答題卡一l3.聽力：248.5l4.閱讀理解：177.5l5.完型填空/改錯：71l6.句子翻譯/回答問題：35.5 3-6在答題卡二lReading (scanning & blank-fillings & traditional reading)lvocabulary (cloze & proofreading)lsentence translationllistening lwritinglmodel t

2、est practicel要求考生在15分鐘內完成一篇1200字左右的文章和后面的10道題。前面7個題是判斷正誤(包括NOT GIVEN)，后3個是填空題(答案基本都是原文中出現(xiàn)的原詞) 。l在處理文章的時候，有一條清晰的思路，你不是為了完整翻譯文章而進行閱讀，而是為了獲取主旨獲取主旨來閱讀。 l邏輯關系散布在文章的句子內部、句句之間、以及段落之間。最基本的邏輯關系有以下幾種： l1、因果關系：as a result ，therefore，hence，consequently，because, for, due to, hence, consequently等l2、并列、遞進關系：and, o

3、r, then，in addition，besides，in other words，moreover等 l3、轉折關系：however，but, yet, in fact等lYou have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You dont think about that waste again. On trash pick

4、up day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You dont have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up. l From “How Is

5、 a Landfill Operated?” lAlong the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled. lIn addition, there is a household ha

6、zardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies. l From “How Is a Landfill Operated?”l有些標點符號的出現(xiàn)就是為了更進一步地解釋其前的信息，運用標點符號(破折號、小括號、冒號)可以了解不認識的詞匯或句子的含義。l同時，由于快速閱讀用詞相對比較簡單，很容易理解和把握標點前

7、的被解釋信息，所以，可以將這些標點符號后面的信息忽略，從而更加快速地把握文章的主旨。 lDumpan open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most peoples idea of a landfill!) lLandfillcarefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated fro

8、m the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil. lSanitary landfilllandfill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment lMunicipal solid waste (MSW) landfilllandfill that uses a synthetic (plas

9、tic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment l所謂“特殊信息點”是指那些很容易在文章中識別的詞匯，諸如，時間，數(shù)字，大寫字母等形式的語言點。 l一方面很容易識別出來；另一方面，這些信息點的表現(xiàn)的一般都是文章的瑣碎信息，對于主旨的理解和把握而言，不過是更進一步論證而已。因此，可以忽略這些信息的閱讀。 l如問題中確實涉及到了，再回來細讀也無妨，畢竟它們的表現(xiàn)形式非常利于查找和定位判斷。 lOf the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United S

10、tates annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥) (yard waste). l From sub-title “How Much Trash Is Generated?” lThe trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in vario

11、us ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. l From sub-title “How Is Trash Disposed of” l根據小標題，鎖定范圍l根據題中的特殊信息點。如：問題或填空的句子中涉及到人名、地名，則主要尋找首字母大寫的單詞;有關日期、數(shù)目的問題

12、，則主要查找具體數(shù)字;有關某個事件、某種觀點等，就需要尋找與此相關的關鍵詞，而與所查信息無關的內容可一掠而過。 lQ6. In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governments. lQ9. To dispose of a ton of trash in a landfill, customers have to pay a tipping fee of _. l1.邏輯關系在快速閱讀中的運用邏輯關系在快速閱讀中的運用 l2.標點符號在快速閱讀中的運用標點符號在

13、快速閱讀中的運用 l3.特殊信息點在快速閱讀中的運用特殊信息點在快速閱讀中的運用 l4.尋讀在快速閱讀中的運用尋讀在快速閱讀中的運用 l15 for you to finishlYYNNYN NGlMunicipalities and construction companiesl$10 to $40lDrop off stationsl15 minutes to finishlCDCABBDlEastlThe seismic gaplThe danger zone/the prospective quake zonelstudy the title lread the first and l

14、ast paragraphs and each sub-titles lstudy the questions lsearch the related information and make notes lfinish the questions lreview l一篇280詞左右的文章，文章中挖出10個空，并統(tǒng)一給出A-O 15個備選答案 l1. 預覽選項，了解詞義并把選項分為四大類詞性：名詞n，動詞v，形容詞adj，副詞adv在每個選項后作詞性的簡要標記；l2. 精讀全文開頭，把握文章主題，并以三個空或一個段落為一個單位，利用前后文判斷每空的詞性；l3. 把對應詞性的選項逐一帶回原文，含

15、義通順，時態(tài)、主謂搭配一致的為正確選項。 l常見名詞后綴：常見名詞后綴：l-sion，-tion，如：starvation，attraction，profession-ity，如：quality，diversity -ment 如：investment -ness 如：happiness -cy 如：emergency, accuracy l常見動詞后綴：常見動詞后綴：l-ize, ise ：modernize, mechanize, democratize, organizel -en ：quicken, weaken, soften, hardenl-fy 使成”beautify, pur

16、ify, intensify, modify, simplifyl-ish ：finish, abolish, establishl-ate ：separate, operate, indicatel常見形容詞后綴：常見形容詞后綴：l-able，如：stable，affordable-tive，-sive，如：destructive，excessive ，sensitive-ous，如：unconscious，enormousl常見副詞后綴：常見副詞后綴：l1)-ly，如：deliberately，completely，remarkably possibly, swiftly, simplyl

17、2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward3)-ways, always, sideways 4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise l通常來說，冠詞(如a，an，the)、形容詞、介詞后面搭配名詞，即“a/an/the/adj./prep. + n。” lE.g.: Education soon became a _. 冠詞a后面加可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式lE.g.: As the trade winds(信風) lessen in _, the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru curr

18、ent flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 degrees. 介詞in后面加名詞l1. 主語后缺謂語動詞 lHe _ from his teachers, came home in tears and thought about dropping out. lThats why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who _ in pain medicine. l2. 當出現(xiàn)“一個完整的句子 + ，_ + 名詞/介詞”的結構時，逗號后邊的部分是伴隨狀

19、語，表示伴隨狀態(tài)或者表示原因，應當填動詞加ing形式或動詞加ed形式。當這個動詞與句子主語是主動關系，填動詞加ing形式，當兩者是被動關系，填動詞加ed形式lThe rainfall is increased across South America, _ floods to Peru. l3. 橫線處如果填謂語動詞，往往與上下半句的謂語動詞時態(tài)一致。lIn particular, when older patients _ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn t

20、o live with it. l4.出現(xiàn)在介詞之后：現(xiàn)在分詞lThe writer was accustomed to _ while he was travelling.l5.出現(xiàn)在情態(tài)動詞之后（must，can，could，should等）：動詞原型 l6.出現(xiàn)在have/has之后：過去分詞 l7.出現(xiàn)在be動詞之后：現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞 l當出現(xiàn)“a/the/the most/more +_+名詞”的結構時，橫線處通常填形容詞 lThe 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most _ weather in modern history. l1. 當一句話完整的時候

21、，句尾的空往往是副詞。 lToday, we lake pain _. l2. 當一句話出現(xiàn)“主語 + _ + 謂語”的情況時，橫線處通常填副詞。 lIn Arizona and Texas, bilingual students _ outperform their peers in monolingual programs。l3. 修飾形容詞lHe is a _ responsible teacher. l名詞：lA, D, E, F, G, H, l動詞：lA, B, D, E, G, I, J, Ol形容詞：lC, H, K, L, Ml副詞：lN Model test four (8

22、 minutes) l考查形式：兩篇文章（總計字數(shù)700以內），各5題四選一。l考查能力：主題、定位和同義改寫。l題型：主旨題、事實細節(jié)題、推理判斷題、 觀點態(tài)度題、語義理解題。l考查中心思想的把握能力：段落主旨和篇章主旨。l提問方式：提問方式：lThe passage is chiefly/mainly/ primarily about?lThe main idea of the passage is?lWhich of the following statements can best express/ summarize the main idea of the passage?l技巧：

23、技巧：l1.尋找主題句，一般位于首尾段落，具體會在段首或斷尾，偶爾中間。l2.有時主題句不明確，要通讀文章自行歸納：l表達主旨的句子概括性較強l有意識的反復的觀點l文字提示,如：in short, therefore, thus, but, however, I suggest/believe/, the conclusion to be drawn is obviousl正選特點：正選特點：l含有抽象名詞或概括性詞語的選項；l在內容相近的選項中；l全面、有針對性地概括文章內容；l根據文中提供的信息和事實進行提問。l提問方式：提問方式：lWhich of the following state

24、ments is not mentioned/true about? lAccording to the passage, who (when, where, why, how, which)?l細節(jié)題皆服務于文章主旨，所以在闡述文章主旨后會有細節(jié)來說明和支持主題，一般是理由、例子、數(shù)據、對比、比較、定義的形式來組織論據l正選特點：正選特點：l與原文表述完全一樣不是，同義轉換后的才是；l含有絕對含義較強的詞語不是(all, only, everything, must, never, absolutely, nothing)，含有含糊性概括性的詞語才是(some, sometimes)；l在兩

25、個意思相近或相反的選項中；l考查邏輯推理能力l簡單推理判斷：以表面文字信息為前提，以具體事實為依據來判斷和推理；l復雜推理判斷：l推斷作者態(tài)度和文章的基調l推斷隱含的含義l推斷文章的出處來源l提問方式：提問方式：lIt can be inferred from the passage that lWhat does the passage/paragraph/ sentence imply?lFrom the passage we know thatlWhats the main purpose of the passage?lThe writer thinks/ believes thatlWhere would the passage most probably appear / be found?l正選特點：正選特點：l有主觀色彩、有新意的選項l非文章中明確或直接提到的，而是推理所得l考查歸納細節(jié)、領會作者觀點、態(tài)度及情感傾向的能力。l根據題材把握：l議論文