初中非謂語動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí).

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)知識(shí)精講非謂語動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)名詞、 分詞和不定式， 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化， 但可以有自己的賓語和狀語，也可以和助動(dòng)詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。構(gòu)成句子成分不定式to 動(dòng)詞原除謂語外的任何成分有將要之形意現(xiàn) 在 分分詞doing表語 賓語 定語 狀語主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行詞過 去 分詞done表語 賓語 定語 狀語被動(dòng)、完成動(dòng)名詞doing主語 賓語 表語 定語表一般情況考點(diǎn)一不定式1不定式的基本形式 是 to動(dòng)詞原形，它具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，即可以有自己的賓語和狀語，但它沒有人稱與數(shù)的變化， 在句中也不能作謂語， 動(dòng)詞不定式和自己的賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。My father asked

2、 me not to read in bed.我爸爸告訴我不要在床上讀書。2不定式的句法作用動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，它可以作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語等。(1) 作主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it 作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末，構(gòu)成下列結(jié)構(gòu)：It is adj for sb to do sth,( 此結(jié)構(gòu)中不能說sb is adj)It is adj ofsb to do sth.(此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以說sb is adj)或者： It is+ 名詞 +to do sth.It's important (for us) to protect the environ

3、ment.(對(duì)我們來說 )保護(hù)環(huán)境是很重要的。注：當(dāng)在 kind ， good， nice， clever 等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。It's very kind of_you_to_help_me.你幫助我真是太好啦。(2) 作賓語一些謂語動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語（V+sb +to do sth ），如：1)want,wouldlike,wish,hope,expect,help,learn,agree,manage,offer,plan=make a plan, promise, refuse,be+情感類 adj+ to do sth, cantwait, g

4、et/be ready to do, taketurns,try/do one s best , decide=make a decision, choose, fail, prepare, afford,2)pretend, arrange, beg, care, demand,determine, fear, deserve,例如： Would you like to_see_a_film this evening?你今晚想去看電影嗎？在 find ， think 后跟不定式作賓語時(shí)，常用it 代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末。I find it easy to_read_English_ev

5、ery_day.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語很容易。(3) 賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，它與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Lucy asked him to_turn_down_the_radio. 后面可以接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有（露西要他關(guān)小收音機(jī)的音量。V+sb to do sth ）： allow,want, would like,ask, tell,encourage, expect, wish, get, help,warn 不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式也可以做賓補(bǔ)（V+sb do sth ）這類 V 有使讓動(dòng)詞 make ,let, have 等，另外還有感官動(dòng)詞如， see, watch, hear

6、, feel, find , notice 等(4) 作定語（中考不考）動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞之后，它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。I have a lot of homework to_do. 我有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，作定語不能省去介詞。Weihai is a good place to_live_in. 威海是一個(gè)居住的好地方。(5) 作狀語Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to_see_her_daughter.( 目的 )王太太去上?？此畠?。We're glad to_meet_you here. (原因 )我們很高興在這見到你。He

7、 is too tired to_work_on.( 結(jié)果 )他太累了而不能繼續(xù)工作。（ 6）做表語。 My dream is to be a scientist.3不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。They told us not_to_play basketball too long.他們告訴我們不要玩太長時(shí)間籃球。4不定式常和疑問詞 what， which ， when， where，how 連用 ，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句。 He didn't know where_to_go. (where to go where he should go) 他不知道去哪里。5. 兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定

8、式并列 ，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式常省略考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞原形 ing 構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語等。1作主語 ，動(dòng)詞做主語常用動(dòng)名詞形式，且后面的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多對(duì)身體健康有害。注：動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語， 在許多情況下可以通用， 但動(dòng)名詞作主語多表示抽象或多次的行為，不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。2作表語 ，如：My mother's job is raising chicken.我母親的工作是養(yǎng)雞。3作賓語 ，只能

9、接V-ing1 ）， Enjoy,finish,做賓語的動(dòng)詞有： （ V+doing ， doing 做賓語）mind,cant stand,bebusy,keep(on),feellike,havefun/trouble/difficulty/problemsin-,practice, finish,give up, consider,put off,suggest,missimagine, canthelp/stop ， be worth, avoid, miss, end up, allow, be/get used to(2）， Forgive,delay,escape,如： I do

10、n't mind listening to that story again.我不介意再聽一遍那個(gè)故事。習(xí)慣于)4作定語 。放在名詞前，說明該名詞的功能或用途時(shí)。如swimming pool,living room,sleeping bag,hiding place 等如：Let's join the singing group.讓我們加入合唱隊(duì)吧。5后既可以接動(dòng)名詞， 也可接動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞有 love，like，prefer ，begin，start，continue，remember， try， stop， forget ，hate， need， allow ， go o

11、n 等。1）下列詞的用法需要辨析1)need to do sth,need doing=need to be done2)remember/forget to do sth,remember/forget doing sth3)stop to do sth,stop doing sth4)try to do sth,努力去做某事try doing sth 試著去做某事5)mean to do( 打算、想 )mean doing sth（意味著）6)allow sb to do sth=sb allowed to do sthallow doing sth.7) go on to do sth.

12、 做完一件事，接著去做另外一件事go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)不停地做某事2）記住下列詞的用法1)used to do sthbe/get used to doing sthbe used to do sth2)prefer doing sth to doing sthprefer to do sth rather than do sthwould rather do sth than do sth=would do sth rather than do sth3) There is no need for sb to do sth4)sb have time to do sth5)

13、too+adj/adv+ to do sthso-that-(such-that-);not-enough (for sb) to do sth6) It is adjfor/ofsb to do sth,It is best for sb to do sthIt is time for sb to do sthIt takes sb some time to do sth6、介詞后如果接動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞形式。尤其注意一些含有介詞的一些詞組，eg，1)what/how about-? have fun/trouble/difficulty/problems in-, instead of,b

14、e good at=do well in,by+ doing sth,spend-(in) doing sth, feel like,get/be used to,prefer doing to doing,devote oneself to- 致力于 - ，獻(xiàn)身于-keep.from ，stop.from ，make a contribution to ，be afraid of ，be proud of ，be used for，be interested in2) succeed in doing sth,be fond of,pay attention to,make a contri

15、bution to,devote oneself to- ,insist on ， look forward to7當(dāng) need，require ， want 作“需要”解時(shí)，后加動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)式等于不定式的被動(dòng)式The window needs cleaning. The window needs to be cleaned. 那扇窗戶需要被清洗。不要讓我們等得太久。我聽到他正在教室里唱歌呢。放學(xué)后他要去理發(fā)。，或后面（詞組）考點(diǎn)三分詞1.分詞的構(gòu)成分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。現(xiàn)在分詞由“動(dòng)詞ing ”構(gòu)成。過去分詞的基本形式是“動(dòng)詞 ed”，但也有不規(guī)則的形式。2分詞的句法功能功能例 句說

16、明Do you know the girl standing under定語 the tree?分詞作定語，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的詞。你認(rèn)識(shí)站在樹下面的那個(gè)女孩嗎？The students went out ofthe分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主句主狀語 classroom，talking and laughing.語。學(xué)生們談笑著走出了教室。The boy is too frightened to move.現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)、 特征；表語這個(gè)男孩太害怕了以至于不能動(dòng)過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)。了。Don't keep us waiting for a long time.現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足

17、語，被補(bǔ)足的賓不要讓我們等得太久。語或主語是它的邏輯主語(即主動(dòng)關(guān)I heard him singing in the classroom.補(bǔ)足語系 )；過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語，被補(bǔ)足的賓我聽到他正在教室里唱歌呢。語或主語是它的邏輯賓語(即被動(dòng)關(guān)He'll have his hair cut after school.放系 )學(xué)后他要去理發(fā)。注：1、作定語或表語。 現(xiàn)在分詞表示 “令人 的” ，主語一般是物； 過去分詞表示 “感到 的”，主語一般是人。這類動(dòng)詞有interste,surprise, excited 等He is surprised to hear the news.他聽到那個(gè)

18、消息感到很吃驚。news is surprising. 那個(gè)消息令人吃驚。2作賓補(bǔ) 。 V+sb +doing （現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)） ，這類 V 有：感官動(dòng)詞 (包括 find和 notice)， there be,keep 等Don't keep us waiting for a long time.I heard him singing in the classroom.He'll have his hair cut after school.3作定語 。放在名詞的前面（單個(gè)的詞）1）現(xiàn)在分詞做定語表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行，如the sleeping boythe boy sitt

19、ing under the tree2）動(dòng)詞的過去分詞做定語表示被動(dòng)或完成表示被動(dòng)，如：the poems written by Li Bai或表示完成，如，the developed countriesthe developing countriesthe money made by my parentsthe risen sun（表示完成）the rising sun （表示正在進(jìn)行）4.作狀語。 如 The boy came into the classroom, singing pop songs.(表示伴隨，做伴隨狀語)考點(diǎn)四，其它1.辨析：(1)有些動(dòng)詞或詞組后接動(dòng)名詞或不定式均可

20、，但意義稍有差別。stop to do sth.停下來去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事Stop thinking ， please.請(qǐng)停止思考。Stop to_think about it for a moment. 停下來想一會(huì)兒。remember to do sth.記住要做某事（動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）remember doing sth.記得曾做過某事（動(dòng)作以發(fā)生）I remember posting your letter.我記得把你的信寄出去了。(信已寄出 )Please remember to_post my letter請(qǐng)記住把我的信寄出去。(信尚未寄出 )forget t

21、o do sth.忘記做某事（動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）forget doing sth.忘記做過某事（動(dòng)作以發(fā)生）I forgot to_bring_my_homework.我忘記帶作業(yè)了。(沒帶作業(yè) )I forgot bringing_my_homework.我忘記已把作業(yè)帶來了。(作業(yè)已帶來 )try to do sth.努力去做某事try doing sth.試著去做某事He tried speaking English to us.他試著用英語和我們談話。Please try to_do better next time.下次設(shè)法做得更好些。go on to do sth.做完一件事，接著去做另

22、外一件事go on doing sth.繼續(xù)不停地做某事Go on to_do the other exercise after you finish this one.做完這個(gè)練習(xí)題后，接著做另一個(gè)練習(xí)題。Go on doing the exercise after a short rest.休息一會(huì)兒之后，我們繼續(xù)做練習(xí)。allow doing sth.允許做某事allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事We don't allow smoking here.我們不允許在這兒吸煙。We don't allow students to_go out on scho

23、ol days. 上學(xué)時(shí)，我們不允許學(xué)生外出。2.現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別（即區(qū)別 V+sb do sth 和 V+sb doing sth ）。我們常見的動(dòng)詞如： see，watch， notice， hear，feel ，have 等，它們接不帶 to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，表示已經(jīng)完成了的或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作；接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行著。I heard him singing in the classroom.我聽到他正在教室里唱歌。 (“唱”這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行 )I heard him sing in the classroom.我聽到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”這個(gè)動(dòng)作已結(jié)束

24、 )3. 易混句式 have sb.do sth.have sb.doing sth. have sth.to do 和 have sth.done的區(qū)別。 have sb.do sth.意為“讓某人做某事” ， have 可以用 let， make 代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具體動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵們讓這個(gè)男孩背對(duì)他的父親站著。 have sb.doing sth.意為“讓某人做某事” ， have 可以用 keep 代替，現(xiàn)在分詞 (doing) 這個(gè)

25、動(dòng)作往往具有持續(xù)進(jìn)行的含義。The two men had the boy running all night long.那兩個(gè)人讓這個(gè)男孩跑了一夜。 have sth. done 意為“讓他人做某事” ，即 ask sb.else to do sth.。過去分詞 (done)這個(gè)動(dòng)作由他人 (即非主語本身 ) 來完成，且含有被動(dòng)意義。The driver had his car washed once a week.那位司機(jī)每周叫人洗一次車。 have sth.to do 意為“主語自己還有某事要做” 這個(gè)動(dòng)作由主語本身完成，且含有主動(dòng)意義。I have much homework to d

26、o.4. 不帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)（V+sb do sth）這類 V 有使讓動(dòng)詞make ,let, have 等，另外還有感官動(dòng)詞如，see, watch, hear, feel, find ,notice 等5.一些句型后常加動(dòng)詞原形情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后常接動(dòng)詞原形， egwhy not do sth?=why don Could I/you do sth?tyou do sth?shall we do sth?could/would you please do sth?will you do sth?實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（一）1.Why not_ your teacher for help when y

27、ou canfinisht _it byyourself?A. ask, writeB. to ask, writingC. ask, writingD. asking, write2. Hi, Tom! Can you tell me whenfor London? Yes, tomorrow afternoon.A. leavingB. leavesC. to leaveD. are you leaving3. May I listen to the music here, Mr. White? Sorry, you d betterit like that.A. not to doB.

28、not doC. don t doD. not do to4.More and more young people are trying to do something _ the old.A. servedB. to serveC. serveD. serves5.The fruit salad tastes delicious. Could you tell me _ ?A. where to do itB. when to do itC. what to doD. how to do it6.Peter is busy _ at school, but he never forgets

29、_exercise every day.A. working, doingB. working, to doC. at work, do7.-Why did you buy a radio?-_ English.A. LearnB. LearningC. To learnD. Be learning8.-Do you know Neil Armstrong?-Yes, He is the first man _ on the moon.A. walkB. walksC. to walkD. walked9. Have you made up your mind _the sick kids?B

30、y singing songs.A. what to tellB. how to cheer upC. when to helpD. where to look after10.The doctor did what he could_ the dying man.A. saveB. to saveC. savedD. saving11.The global financial crisis(金融危機(jī) ) has made many people_ their money.A. to care for B. took care of C. be careful with D. to be ca

31、red about 12.Mum, can I have something_?Oh, dear. You can only drink some water. There is_ in the kitchen.A. to drink; nothing else B. drinking; something else C. to eat; something else D. eating; nothing else13.We must do everything we can _ waste water from running into rivers.A. keepB. keptC. to

32、keep D. keeping 。14.My roommate often asks me _ her to play chess.A. teachB. teachingC. to teach15.He ll use what he has _ her a new dress.A. boughtB. to buyC. buyingD. been bought16Xiao Li said she would rather _ join us.A. did notB. to notC. notD. not to17.The old lady didn t know _ when the house

33、 caughte. firA. how to doB. how to do itC. what to doD. what to do it。18.The teacher asked Ben _ a difficult question in class.A. answerB. answeringC. to answerD. answered19.Everyone should know _ to save themselves when a fire breaks out.A. whetherB. whatC. whenD. how。20.-What should we do to fight

34、 A/H1N1 flu?-We should wash hands often, avoid _ to crowded places and so on.A. goB. goingC. goneD. to go21.The woman made his son _ finally after she told him some jokes.A. laughedB. to laughC. laughD. laughing22.When we practice speaking English，we often end up_ in ChineseA to speakB. speakingC. s

35、pokenD. speak23.There are so many kinds of MP5 in the shop. We cant decide_ .A. what to buyB. to buy whatC. which to buyD. to buy which 。24.-How about _in the river with us?-Sorry I can tMyparents often tell me_ thatA. swim, don t doB. swim, to doC. swimming, not doD. swimming, not to do。25_more abo

36、ut tomorrow s weather, call 121. OK, I will. Thank you.A. KnowB. KnowingC. To knowD. Known26.-Don t forget _ my parents when you arein Beijing.-OK! I won t.A. to seeB. seesC. seeing27.If the question _ incorrectly, _ question will be given to you.A. is answered, otherB. answer, otherC. is answered,

37、anotherD. answer, another28.-My football socks are _ out.-How long have you _ them?A. worn, boughtB. wearing, hadC. wearing, boughtD. worn, had29. Your English is pretty good! How about _ some advice to me? With pleasure.A. giveB. givesC. giving30. Please remember _ the lights when you leave the roo

38、m. OK, I will.A. turn offB. to turn offC. turning off. The boy is looking forward toa good time after the exam.A. to haveB. hasC. havingD. have31. The teacher told the students_ any food into the computer room.A. not to bringB. not bringC. don t bringD. bring not32. We don't have much homework t

39、his weekend. Shall we go out together?OK. What about _ a movie?A. to seeB seeingC. to seeD. sees33. There are so many kinds of computers in the shop. I really don't know _ to choose.A. whatB. whichC. howD. where34. I d like you _ for a picniwith us.A. goB. to goC. goingD. went35As teenagers，we r

40、e old enough _ with houseworkWe can help set thetable，wash the dishes and clean our own roomsA to helpBhelpingChelped36.Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby _.A. to stop cryingB. stop cryingC. to stop to cryD. stop to cry37.-What are on show in the museum?-Some photos _by the children of Y

41、ushu, Qinghai.A. have been takenB.were takenC. are takenD. taken38.We have two rooms _, but I can t decide _.A. to live, to choose which oneB. lived, choose which oneC. to live in, which one to chooseD. live, which one39.Why not _ an English club to practice _ English?A. to join; to speakB. join; sp

42、eakingC. join; to speakD. to join; speaking40.James, I m too tired. Let s stop _ a rest.A. havingB. haveC. to havingD. to have41. Are you going to Tibet for vacation? Yes. I want you to _ me with some information about it.A offer B give Cshow Dprovide 42 Father often tells me too much time on comput

43、er games. A don t spend B not spend C not to spend D not spending43At least 300 million people are using QQ _ by Ma Huateng to chat onlineA createBcreatesCcreating44. I can t decide _.You mean the purple sweater or the blue one?A. how to go thereB. who to go withC. where to visitD. which to choose。D

44、 created45.How about going shopping this weekend, Peter?Sorry. I prefer _ rather than _.A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（二）1. I m thirsty. Will you get me something _?A. drinkB. to drinkC. eatD. eating2. It was great fun

45、_ a picnic on the hill.A. to haveB. of havingC. haveD. had3. It s bad for your eyes _putercom games for a long time.A. playsB. to playC. playD. played4. -Do you often hear John _ in his room?-Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room.A. sing; to singB. singing; singingC. sing; singingD. to sing

46、; singing5. Why not _?A. let him to go homeB. to let him go homeC. let him go homeD. to let him to go home6. They were made _ fourteen hours a day.A. workB. workingC. workedD. to work7. Is it always easier _ friends than to keep them?A. makingB. makeC. to makeD. made8. It _ Jack twenty minutes _ the

47、 math problem yesterday.A. took; to work outB. takes; worked outC. has taken; work outD. is taking; working out9. When you leave, don t forget _ off the light.A. to turnB. turningC. turnD. turned10. Who do you think you d like _?A. to make friendsB. make friendsC. to make friends with D. make friend

48、s with11. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries _ it too often.A. to eatB. not eatC. to not eatD. not to eat12.-Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday?-This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework _ this Sunday.A. to doB. done C. doD. to be done13. Sally had no pen _ yesterday morning.A. to wr

49、iteB. to write withC. writingD. writing with14.John asked David how _ Christmas.A. celebrating B. to celebrateC. to be celebrated D. celebrate15. We all considered Mr Zhao _ teacher.A. be the best B. to be the best C. being best D. being the best16. It s very kind _ you to _ me _ the heavy bag.A. for; tell; to takeB. of; thank; forC. to; speak; to haveD. of; help; carry17.Have you decided _?A. to go with whomB. whom