初中英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(全)

1、一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week （day, year, month once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don't,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn)，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用 does,同時(shí)，還原行為 動(dòng)詞。在中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用形

2、式，即常在后加 -s或-es。一、he, she, it是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：He likes watching TV.他喜歡看電視。She has lunch at twelve.她十二點(diǎn)吃午餐。It looks like a cat.它看起來(lái)像只貓。（口訣：I用am, you用are, is用于它， 單數(shù)名詞用is,都用are）二、單個(gè)人名、地名或稱呼作主語(yǔ)；是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：Han Mei looks like her mother.看起來(lái)像她的母親。Beijing is in China.北京在中國(guó)。Uncle Wang often makes cakes.王叔叔經(jīng)常做蛋糕。三、單數(shù)可

3、數(shù)名詞或"this / that / the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，是第三人稱 單數(shù)。如：A horse is a useful animal.馬是有用的動(dòng)物。This book is yours.這本書(shū)是你的。四、someone, somebody, nobody, everything, somethingy旨示代詞 this, that作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，是第三人稱單數(shù)。如： Everyone is here. 大家至 U齊了。There is something wrong with the watch. 這塊手表有毛病。五、作主語(yǔ)時(shí)為第三人稱單數(shù)。如： The milk is in

4、 the glass.牛奶在里。 The bread is very small.那面包很小。六、當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，看作第三人稱單數(shù)。如： "6" is a lucky number. "6"是個(gè)吉利數(shù)字。【練習(xí)】二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、 行為。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month )，in 1989, just now, at the age of 5one day, long

5、long ago, once upon a time, etc.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)(可分三類不同的結(jié)構(gòu))1.Be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)在沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子中使用 be動(dòng)詞，amis的過(guò)去式為was; are的過(guò)去式為were肯定句式：主語(yǔ) + be（was , were） +其它.否定句式：主語(yǔ) + be（was , were） + not +其它.一般疑問(wèn)句：Be（was , were） +主語(yǔ)+其它？注：在這種構(gòu)成中，be動(dòng)詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)選用was /were。Be動(dòng)詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，was是表示單數(shù)，were是表示復(fù)數(shù)。2 .實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) 肯定句要使用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，否

6、定句和疑問(wèn)句 要使用助動(dòng)詞do和does的過(guò)去式did.肯定句式：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞（過(guò)去式）+其它否定句式：主語(yǔ) + didn ' t動(dòng)詞（原形）+其它 did not = didn】't一般疑問(wèn)句：Did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞（原形）+其它【do , does的過(guò)去時(shí)均為 did ?注：1. did和didn '是構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞，其特點(diǎn)是要在其后跟動(dòng)詞 的原形。3 .實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do的一般過(guò)去時(shí)I do my homework every day.用 yesterday 改寫句子）I did my homework yesterday.I didn ' t domy h

7、omework yesterday.（否定句）Did you do your homework yesterday? Yes ,I did. /No, I didn 二t.（ 般疑問(wèn)句）4 .情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)與含有 Be動(dòng)詞的 一般過(guò)去時(shí)，是十分相似，請(qǐng)注意觀察?？隙ň涫剑褐髡Z(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+其它否定句式：主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ not +其它.一般疑問(wèn)句：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ)+其它？注： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：cancould , may might , must musWill-would ,should-should。5 .特殊疑問(wèn)句式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be過(guò)去式+主語(yǔ)+其他？

8、特殊疑問(wèn)詞+情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？特殊疑問(wèn)詞+do/does過(guò)去式+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？What was your former name? 你以前叫什么名字？Why was he late for school last Monday? 上星期一他為什么遲到？What could she do twenty years ago? 20 年前她能做什么？規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式play played1.一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-ed。 look - lookedstart startedvisitedpull-pulled,cook-cooked34 / 362.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾

9、的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加-do live lived use usedtaste-tasted3 .以 輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)t先將 y改為i，再加"ed。study studiedtry tried fly flied4 .以重讀閉音節(jié)（即輔音+元音+輔音）或 r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后，再加-edostopstoppedplan planed stop-stopped prefer preferred基本用法表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)He suddenly fell ill last night.他昨晚突然病倒了表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)

10、常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作She went to the cinema once a month when she was at alked by the riverside.我在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)經(jīng)常在河邊散步。敘述過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一件件事She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk.她早早起床，提水，打掃房間然后出去散步?！揪毩?xí)】一、請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.3. We (h

11、ave) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I(make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They(play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls(dance) at the party last night.9. I(watch) a cartoon on Satur

12、day last week.10. you(visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?11. he(fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he.12. Gao Shan(put) up the picture last night.13. I(sweep) the floor yesterday.14. What she(find) in the garden last morning?15. Her father(read) a newspaper last night.16. Mike(not go) to bed until

13、12 o' clock last night.17. I listened but(hear) nothing.18. How many people(be) there in your class last term?二、按要求變換句型。1. Frank read an interesting book about history.(一般疑問(wèn)句) Frank an interesting book about history?2. He cleaned his roomjust now.(劃線提問(wèn))What he?3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book

14、.(否定句)Thomas RMB 10 on this book.4. My family went to the beach last week.(劃線提問(wèn)) family last week?1. I(have) an exciting party last weekend.2.she(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she .3. What Tom(do) on Saturday evening?He(watch) TV and(read) an interesting book.4. They all(go) to the mountains y

15、esterday morning.5. She(not visit) her aunt last weekend.She(stay) at home and(do) some cleaning.6. When you(write) this song? I(write) it lastyear.7. My friend, Carol,(study) for the math test and(practice) English last night.8. Mr. Li(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he .9. How(be) Jim'

16、s weekend? It(be not) bad.10. (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。構(gòu)成：be+現(xiàn)在分詞。be應(yīng)為，應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致?！咀ⅰ縿?dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則1 . 一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞后加-ing,如：work - working study - studying2 .動(dòng)詞以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾，要去-e加-ing, 如： make - making dance - dancing3 .重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫詞尾字母，再加-ing,

17、如： put - putting begin - beginning4 .以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-ie變成y再加-ing,如：lie - lying tie - tying寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式dance shop play speak haveworkwrite take study sit sing swim_lie變化:式： 主語(yǔ) +be( am, is, are)+其它.式： 主語(yǔ) +be(am, is, are) +not +要它.:Be(am, is, are) +fc語(yǔ)+其它？:+be(am, is, are)+fc語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的的回答，它不可以用Yes或

18、No直接作答，要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況回答。用法(包括高級(jí)用法)：4,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always等副詞連用時(shí)帶有。He's always quarrelling with others.他老喜歡跟別人吵架。She is constantly worrying about her son's health.她不停地為她兒子的健康擔(dān) 心著。The boy is forever asking questions.刃B個(gè)男孩老是問(wèn)問(wèn)題。這類情況常與always總是，usually通常，continually不斷的，constantly經(jīng) 常的，forever永遠(yuǎn)、老是等副詞連用。5,有的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

19、句子和同義。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示問(wèn)者的關(guān)切心情。How are you feeling today? (How do you feel today?)你今天感覺(jué)如何？I am looking (look) forward to your next visit. 我盼望你下次再來(lái)。Why are you looking (do you look) so sad?為什么你看起來(lái)這么愁眉苦臉的 樣子呢？【練習(xí)】一填空題1. Mr Zheng(read) a book now.2. The rabbits (jump) now.3. . Look ! Tom and John(swim).4. My br

20、other(make) a kite in his room now.5. Look! The bus(stop).6. We(have) an English class now.8. They(catch) butterflies now.9. He (do) an experiment now.10. They (collect) stamps now.11. Look! He(dive) now.12. Tom( watch ) TV in the dining room.13. The doctors(get ) off the bus.14. Come on. They ( lea

21、ve ) now.15. It(eat) fish now.16. My father(work) in the office now.17. Where is your mother? She(answer) the phone.18. The teachers(run) now.二、按要求改寫句子1 . The boy is playing basketball.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯定回答：否定回答：對(duì)The boy提問(wèn)：2 .造句：1） .she,the window,open,now.（用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句 .）2） .is,who,the window,cleaning?（連詞成句

22、）3） .She is closing the door now.改成否定句）4） ）You are doing your homework.（用"I"作主語(yǔ)改寫句子）5） .they,the tree,sing,now,under.（用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.）6） .The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman 改成一般疑問(wèn)句）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：（一）概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。（二）結(jié)構(gòu)：were /were+ V-ing.（三）標(biāo)志詞：1 .at this/that time,2 .at this/t

23、hat time yesterday （last night/Sunday/week ）,3 .at+ 點(diǎn)鐘 +yesterday （last night / Sunday ）,4 . when sb/sth. did sth. last evening5 . the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while 等。例如：I was making fruit salad at this time.They were studying from 8:00 to 11:00 yesterday.般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句及簡(jiǎn)略回答1 .肯

24、定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+V-ing+其 它.I was watching TV at that time last night.2 .否定句:主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+V-ing+其 它.was not watching TV at that time last night.3 .一般疑問(wèn)句：was/were + 主語(yǔ) +V-ing+M 它？Were you watching TV at that time last night?肯定回答：Yes, I was否定回答：No, I wasn t.特殊問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+ was/were +主語(yǔ)+V-ing+M 它? What were

25、you doing at at that time last night?（五）基本用法：1.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。（用介詞短語(yǔ)和從句來(lái)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)）I was sleeping at this time last Sunday過(guò)去某一時(shí)亥ll ）My mother was cooking dinner at 9:00 yesterday.討去某一時(shí)亥ll ）We were having supper when Tom came in我們正在吃晚飯時(shí)電話響了 ？（從句 表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生動(dòng)作或事情。（the whole morning,

26、all day , from nine to ten, while, when 等。）Lucy was working all day.（過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間）We were watching TV from seven。' clocto nine o' clodast night.3.在復(fù)合從句中，從句和主句的動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)性或同時(shí)發(fā)生，那么主從句都 要過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。While he was waiting for the bus , he was resding newspaper.他邊等車邊看報(bào)。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的）He was cleaning his car while I

27、was cooking他洗車時(shí)我在做飯。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同 時(shí)進(jìn)行）when和while的用法區(qū)別when既指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指一段時(shí)間。因此 when在狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞可 以終止性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞while只指一段時(shí)間。while從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。when說(shuō)明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí)，也可以是先后 生；while則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的過(guò)程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí) 發(fā)生。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。后用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。While后面一般用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，兩句都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用 while引導(dǎo)，When the teacher came

28、in, we were talking. =While we were talking, the teache r came in.b.They were singing while we were dancing.【練習(xí)】1.1 at 8:00 yesterday.A. was sleeping late B. slept late C. sleep late2.They at this time.A. talking on the phone B.were talking on the phone B. was talking on the phon e3.Lily was standin

29、g in front of the library.A. two hours ago B. tomorrow C. at that time yesterday4.I when the UFO arrived?A. was cutting hair B.was cutting hair C. cutting hair5. My father was reading newspaper my mother was cooking dinner.A. when B.while C. what6. My brother while he his bicycle and hurt himself.A.

30、 fell, was riding B. fell, were riding C.fell, rode7. I first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at the time.A.worked B. was working . C is working8. -what were you doing at seven o' clodast Sunday? -1 the shower.A. was getting out of B. got out of C.was get out of9. I my breakfast wh

31、en the bell rang.A. had B. was having C.am having10. The reporter said that the UFO east to west when he saw it.was traveling B. traveled C. traveling11. - What ' s the matter, Ali? You looksad. ”-Oh, nothing much. in fact, I of my friends back home.A. just thought B. have just been thinking C.

32、was just thinkingWhat from three to four yesterday afternoon?A.have you done B.did you do C.were you doing13 .-1 called you yesterday evening.but there was no answer.-Oh, I 'msorry I dinner at myfriend home.A.had B. was having C.have14 .My mother while my father TV.A. cooked, was watching B. was

33、 cooking, was watching C. cooked, watched15 .when I got home, my son the music.A. am listening B. listened to C.was listening二、動(dòng)詞填空。1. John(work) all day yesterday.2. He(walk) home when the rain(begin).3. -What you(do) at ten o'clock yesterday? -I (study) in class.4. While Harry(have) breakfast,

34、 Lily telephoned him.5. I(write) a letter at t en last night.6. It was six. The Greens(have) supper.7. When you(knock) at the door yesterday,I(do) some washing.8. While my mother(watch) TV, I(make) a kite.9. you(feed) the animals at 5:00 yesterday afternoon?10. Mrs Green(not wash) clothes at this ti

35、me last Saturday.三、按要求改寫句子。1 .I was getting out of bed when the UFO landed.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))you when the UFO landed?2 . They played tennis yesterday afternoon.但 at 5:00 yesterday afternoon 改寫 句子）They tennis at 5:00 yesterday afternoon.While it was raining ,the plane took off.（改為同義 句）It was raining the plane

36、 off.4 .昨晚八點(diǎn)鐘我爸爸在看報(bào)紙。My father a newspaper at 8:00 yesterday evening.5 .電話響時(shí)，我媽媽在做晚飯。My mother when the phone.6 .當(dāng)外星人買紀(jì)念品時(shí)，我報(bào)了警。the alien was buying a suvenir ,I the police.I was washing my shoes at that time.（改為一般問(wèn) 句）your shoes at that time?五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已 經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。（

37、一）構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+ have/has+ V過(guò)去分詞?！癶ave /hasM何使用需記清。 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是I, you和復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)要用have;單數(shù)主語(yǔ)后跟has。也就是說(shuō) have/has需同主語(yǔ)的人稱或數(shù)保持一致。（二）用法接觸一：肯定句式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句式是 “havehas） +過(guò)去分詞如： We have just finished our homework . She has gone home.注意：1)該句式中的have或has是助動(dòng)詞，has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它 人稱一律用have。2)該句式中have (has)和過(guò)去分t之間可用just插入。3)把該句式譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往用

38、 巴經(jīng)"、剛剛"、過(guò)”或了 ”等。接觸二：疑問(wèn)句式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句式是把助動(dòng)詞have或has提到主語(yǔ)之前。如： Have you read this story book yet?特殊疑問(wèn)句及反意疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)如下： What have you done with my bike? You've read this story book, haven't you?注意：1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句往往在句末加yet。2)把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往譯成“過(guò)嗎？ ”、巴經(jīng)了嗎？ ”等。3)其肯定回答用“Yes. . . have (has). &

39、quot;，否定回答用 “No . . . haven't (hasn't)." 有時(shí)用 “No not yet. ”或 “No never.接觸三：否定句式：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句式是“haven'(hasn't) +過(guò)去分詞”如： We haven't studied Unit 2 yet . The train hasn't stopped yet.注意：1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句句末往往加 yet。2)否定句常譯為 還沒(méi)有等。接觸四：用法之一：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造 成的影響或結(jié)果。如：Have you read

40、 that story?你讀過(guò)那個(gè)故事嗎?（讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。）I have bought two apples. 我買了兩個(gè)蘋果。（買”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個(gè)蘋果。）在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞： already, just, ever, yet, never等。already, just多用于肯定句中， ever, yet, never多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。如：I have already finished my homework.我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。He has just had h

41、is meal 他剛吃過(guò)飯。Have you ever sung this English song 你曾唱過(guò)這首英文歌嗎？They haven't started yet.他們還沒(méi)有動(dòng)身。We have never heard of it,我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這件事。接觸五：用法之二：表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。注：這一用法即現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法因?yàn)楸硎镜氖浅掷m(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，所以使用的動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：be,stay, study, wait, keep, have 等； 使用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)通常由for或since引導(dǎo)，但二者后接的詞有所不同：for后常跟一個(gè)時(shí)間段，

42、指某個(gè)動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，如 for three years, for half an hour 等。since作介詞，后面可以接一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如 since 1980,也可以接段時(shí)間+ago ,如：since three years ago, since two months ag濤。since還可用作連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如： We have known each other since we went to college.句型 It is the first (second, third.) time that.的 that 從句中， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須 用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

43、，表示到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)幾次。如： It is the first time that I have been here.接觸六：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生 的時(shí)間在過(guò)去。試比較：The plane has arrived .飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來(lái)了。(說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒。)The plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago.飛機(jī)是亥ll鐘以前抵達(dá)的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去。)接觸七：have been in, have been to 與 have gone to 的用法1. have

44、(has) been in意為 巴經(jīng)在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 工 常與表示一段時(shí)間的 狀語(yǔ)連用。如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天 了。They have been in Canada for five years.他們至 U力口拿大有五年了。2. have(has) been to意為 曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”，表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just, ever, never等連用。如：I've just been to the post office. 我岡U才去郵局了。Have you ever been to

45、Hangzhou?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)杭州嗎？Mary has never been to the Great Wall.瑪麗從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。3. have(has) been to后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過(guò)某地幾次。如：I've been to Beijing three times.我去過(guò)北京三次。They have been to that village several times.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。4. have(has) gone to意為 到某地去了"，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途 中?？傊?，說(shuō)話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一般不用一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)。如：-Where i

46、s Tom?湯姆在哪里？一He has gone to the bookshop他到書(shū)店去了。接觸八：常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)除了我們講過(guò)的 already, yet, still , just, ever, never, since 短語(yǔ)和 for 短語(yǔ)外, 還有許多時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，我們要留心將它們和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)區(qū)分 開(kāi)來(lái)：1. lately, recently是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；just now 有a moment ago之意，是 過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：Have you heard from your family lately/recently? Did you se

47、e Joan just now?2. in the past few years意思是 過(guò)去幾年來(lái)工 常用于完成時(shí)中；in the past意思是 在過(guò)去”，常用于過(guò)去時(shí)中。如：Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.Where did you work in the past?3. ever since then 與 from then on / after that 者B有 打那以后”之意，但前者常用于完成時(shí)，而后兩者常用于過(guò)去時(shí)。如：She's lived here ever sinc

48、e then. I didn't hear of Jim from then on/after that.4. before通常用于完成時(shí)；ago通常用于過(guò)去時(shí)。如：I have never been to Japan before. She went to Japan two years ago.5. so far到目前為止"these days這些天來(lái)”也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀 語(yǔ)。如：So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon. What have you done these days?接觸八：過(guò)去分詞有規(guī)則

49、與不規(guī)則兩種。規(guī)則的變化形式與動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式一樣。不規(guī)則就需要記憶了不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞A.原型：過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞完全不同drink-drankdrunk ring-rangrung swimswamswum sing-sang-sung sink-sank-sunk give-gave-given hide-hid-hidden dodiddone see-sawseenB.過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞完全相同brightbroughtbrought think-thoughtthought fightfoughtfoughtbuyboughtbought catch-caughtcaught se

50、ll-sold-soldC.原型與過(guò)去分詞相同D.原形與過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞完全相同cast-cast-cast cut-cutcut putputputletletlet setsetset hithithit【練習(xí)】一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. I never（speak） to a foreigner.2. 一 Tom（return） the library book? Ye§ he has.3. When he（return ） it ? Half an hour ago.二、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換下列各句，每空一詞。1、He has already finished his home

51、work （改為否定句）He finished his homework4. They have found the lost books already （改為一般疑問(wèn)句，并作否定回 答）they the lost books No, they.5. Julia has not got home from school yet （改為肯定句）Julia home from school .6. You have never been to Shanghai before? （改為 反意疑問(wèn)句）7. He ' s gone to Beijing,?為反意疑問(wèn)句）8. Mr Wang b

52、egan to teach English in this school in999.（改為同義句）Mr Wang English in this school since999.9. He hasn ' t left home for 3 days ）He home for 3 days.三、選擇正確答案。(1. Who is Mary ? I saw you talking with her at the meeting .A. Don't you meet her yet B. Didn't you met her yet C. Haven't you m

53、et her yet D. Hadn't you met her yet(2. 一How do you like Beijing , Mr Black?Oh , I such a beautiful city .A. don't visit B. didn't visitC. haven't visited D. hadn't visited(3. The old people lonely at all since we began to visit them once a weekA. don't feel B. hasn't fel

54、tC. haven't felt D.didn ' t feel()4. We have lived here five years agoA. when B. since C before D. after六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)：概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某 動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即 過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。T11>那時(shí)以前那時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+had+±去分詞vpp.(done)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+M去分詞.否定句：主語(yǔ)+had+

55、not+過(guò)去分詞.一般疑問(wèn)句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞？肯定回答：Yes主語(yǔ)+had.否定回答: No,主語(yǔ)+had not .特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞或詞組+一般疑問(wèn)句(Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞)？基本用法表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，也可以說(shuō)過(guò)去的時(shí)間關(guān)于 過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。即 過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。可以用by, before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)來(lái)表示，也 可以用一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作來(lái)表示，還可能通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。By nine o ' clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 晚 9 點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200張飛

56、船發(fā)來(lái)的圖片。(2)表示由過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)， 常和for, since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.當(dāng)車來(lái)的時(shí) 候，我在車站已等了 20分鐘。He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他說(shuō)自從 年以來(lái)他就在那家工廠工作。(3)敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情后，反過(guò)來(lái)追述或 補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Mr. Smith died yesterday. He

57、 had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天 去世了。他以前是我的好友。I didn ' t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson寸動(dòng)詞 一無(wú)所知，因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。(4)在含有的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過(guò)去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用 過(guò)去完成時(shí)。I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已歸還了我借的書(shū)。She found the key that she had lost.她丟失的鑰匙找到了。(5)過(guò)去完成時(shí)常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的(或)中， 這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主