高中一年級英語選修5第三單元語法

1、M5u3 Grammar and usageVerb-ed formVerb-ed phrasesVerb-ing and verb-ed used as adjectivesLiu Xiang is a player _(love) by many thousands of fans. Unluckily ,he got _(injure) in the game,in2012 London Olympics. The _ (surprise) news got across to the world and his fans were _ (disappoint) to see it，bu

2、t they still wished him a happy life.lovedinjuredsurprisingdisappointed注意過去分詞做注意過去分詞做定語定語的位置的位置 a broken windowa polluted river a lighted candle一支點燃的蠟燭一支點燃的蠟燭一個醉鬼一個醉鬼a drunken/ drunk man一、一、 過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語 1.1.前置定語前置定語歸納歸納1 1：單個的過去分詞作定語單個的過去分詞作定語時，通常放在被修飾的時，通常放在被修飾的名詞名詞_。之前之前1.【2012湖南湖南】23. Time, _

3、correctly, is money in the bank.A. to use B. used C. using D. use2.（2011福建卷）福建卷）Tsinghua University, _ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A.found B. founding C. founded D. to be foundeda woman_ (穿著白色衣服的穿著白色衣服的)dressed in white a picture _(齊白石畫的齊白石畫的)painted by Qi Baishi一、一、 過去分

4、詞作定語過去分詞作定語 2.2.后后置定語置定語歸納歸納2 2：過去分詞短語過去分詞短語作定作定語語，通常通常放在被修放在被修飾的名詞飾的名詞_。之后之后The functions of verb-ed form1. attribute(定語定語) 當當V- ed 在句中放在在句中放在名詞前或名詞后名詞前或名詞后修飾名修飾名詞，功能上相當于詞，功能上相當于adj，其作用相當于其作用相當于定語從定語從句句We should drink boiled water.We should drink water which has been boiled.They took the injured wo

5、man to the nearby hospital at once.They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once.The name mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire.The firemen were tryi

6、ng to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.2) v-ed短語放在名詞短語放在名詞之后，功能上相當于之后，功能上相當于adj，可用，可用逗號隔開逗號隔開，其作用相當于其作用相當于非限定非限定性定語從句性定語從句。The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. The books, which were written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.The meeting, atte

7、nded by one thousand students, was a success. The meeting, which was attended by one thousand students, was a success. 3) 一般來說，一般來說，及物動詞形及物動詞形成的過去分詞是表被動意成的過去分詞是表被動意義（義（passive meanings ），而不及物動詞的過去分詞而不及物動詞的過去分詞是表主動意義但動作已經是表主動意義但動作已經完成（完成（active and past meanings） 。the escaped criminalpastthe develope

8、d countriespasta widely used languagepassivethe retired scientistpast4) Adv./ n. 可放在過可放在過去分詞前，構成去分詞前，構成復合復合詞詞a so-called professora highly-respected professora well-paid job一個所謂的教授一個所謂的教授極受尊重的教授極受尊重的教授報酬頗豐的工作報酬頗豐的工作handmade furniture手工制作的家具手工制作的家具a newly-married couple一對新婚夫婦一對新婚夫婦2. v-ed用在用在系動詞系動詞 (

9、link-verbs)之后，之后，作作表語表語(predicative)系動詞的分類：系動詞的分類：“似乎類似乎類”：“感覺感覺類類”： “變成變成類類”：“仍然仍然類類”：基本形式基本形式：be( am, is, are)seem, appear, lookfeel, sound, smell, tastebecome, go, get, grow, fall, turnremain, stay, keep1.My grandfather was delighted to hear I passed my exams.2. Edison became interested in scienc

10、e when he was very young.3. The little boy looked very excited when he heard that he could go to the party.1.They were _ to hear the _ news. (delight)2. The teacher announced the _ news with an _voice. (excite)delighteddelightingexcitedexcitingV-ing 與與V-ed 作表語的區(qū)別作表語的區(qū)別歸納歸納:V-ing 表示表示“令人令人 的的”，說明，說明的

11、是的是邏輯主語本身的特性邏輯主語本身的特性；V-ed 表示表示“人（感到）人（感到）的的”：（：（1）往往指）往往指人的心理感受人的心理感受；（2）說明的是）說明的是邏輯主語因受外界邏輯主語因受外界的影響的影響而起的變化而起的變化區(qū)別區(qū)別 3.There was a _ (surprise) look on his face.surprised4. When he looked at the _ problem, he had a _(confuse) expression on his face.confusingconfused注意注意：有些動詞如：有些動詞如surprise，confus

12、e，worry，embarrass，frighten等常用過去分詞來等常用過去分詞來修飾人的修飾人的表情，聲音表情，聲音等等an embarrassed look2.2.表示表示“感覺流露感覺流露”的一些過的一些過去分詞去分詞(如如:surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些過和一些過去分去分詞詞(如如dressed, drunk, well-known)常用作常用作表語表語,表示表示狀態(tài)狀態(tài).其中有些其中有些僅表示狀態(tài)僅表示狀態(tài),毫毫無被動意無被動意味。味。 She was very disappointed to hear the result.

13、 Hes quite experienced in teaching math. be dressed in be interested inbe worried aboutbe absorbed in短語積累短語積累A. The library is closed. B. The library is closed at six.C. The library is closed by the teacher.3.區(qū)別：區(qū)別：“ 系動詞系動詞+過去分詞過去分詞”是是系表結系表結構構還是還是被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)？（系表結構）（系表結構）(被動語態(tài)）被動語態(tài)）(被動語態(tài)）被動語態(tài)）歸納：歸納：1.1.

14、系表結構系表結構表示主語表示主語的的特點或所處的狀態(tài)特點或所處的狀態(tài)，強調強調主謂關系主謂關系，此此時時相當于一個相當于一個形容詞。形容詞。歸納：歸納：2.2.被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)表示表示主語主語為動作的承受者為動作的承受者，強，強調調動賓關系動賓關系。后面常后面常跟跟byby短語短語來表示；有來表示；有具體的時間具體的時間，表示當，表示當時的動作。時的動作。 1) I had my hair cut yesterday.1.在使役動詞后面在使役動詞后面make, get, have +賓賓+賓補（賓補（v-ed）3. Past participles used as the Object Com

15、plement (賓語補足語賓語補足語)2) The teacher spoke slowly and clearly to make himself understood.2.2.在感觀動詞后面做在感觀動詞后面做賓補賓補see, hear, feel, watch, notice ,find+ 賓賓+賓補（賓補（v-ed）She found the door locked.1) 她發(fā)現(xiàn)門鎖上了。她發(fā)現(xiàn)門鎖上了。 2) We saw the thief .我們看見小偷被警察抓住我們看見小偷被警察抓住了。了。 caught by the policeI saw her into the clas

16、sroom.(正進入教室正進入教室come）I saw her into the classroom.（進了教室進了教室come）I saw her the classroom.（被帶出教室被帶出教室take out of）comingcometaken out of過去分詞過去分詞, 不定式不定式, 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的區(qū)別補的區(qū)別: 過去分詞過去分詞強調與賓語之強調與賓語之間的間的 關系，關系，不帶不帶to的不定式的不定式強調動作發(fā)生強調動作發(fā)生的的 ，現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞強調強調與賓語之間的與賓語之間的 關關系，系，正在進行正在進行。被動被動全過程全過程主動主動1.【2012四川四川

17、】12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _.A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash2.（2011浙江卷）浙江卷）14. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost3.【2012浙江浙江】11. “Its such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table _ for customers.A.to be reserved B. having reserved C.