工程造價外文翻譯外文文獻公路工程變更原因分析及其對工程造價的影響

1、Highway engineering change reasonanalysis and cost of the project of influenceAbstract: in the implementation stage because of highway engineering design factors, environmental factors, the influence of various engineering changes happened is more common, combining with engineering practice, this pa

2、per discusses the causes and engineering change of project cost.Keywords: engineering change, Reason, CostDue to the highway project period, long, long line, so broad in construction of various causes by the engineering change is inevitable. Engineering change could lead to increase of construction

3、cost or time limit of the owner and the contractor, between the claim will claim and the cost of the project.Owner of change and the causes of the costAnd when the owner change engineering bidding of construction conditions of commitment. "SanTongYiPing" referred to in the preceding paragr

4、aph, the engineering tight finish, delay purpose will increase the contractor's settlement fee, but little impact on total cost, the owner or project quantity change projects. Increase the project content or quantity, will increase the cost, Project content or cancel or reduce the number will re

5、duce cost, but may affect the use function of engineering, because the owner with agreements for the existence of incomplete, or in the contract when division, can increase content of missing the contract cost, and the owners' requirements, and shorten delivery of finished ahead of the original

6、contract period, invest more in construction unit cost of manpower and material resources, to increase, and improve the design standard requirement owner, beautiful Angle from security requirements of engineering structure change type, elevation, baseline, location, size and strength, make cost incr

7、ease, and the owner to change in the construction organization design has approved the construction plan, cost increase, and the owner of the contract with the owner of the materials or equipment supply for the category and quantity, cause cost increase or decrease, and the owner of the contract spe

8、cifies unreasonable, canword 文檔 可自由復制編輯make the cost is increasedThe design of change and the causes of the costThe design adopts the new standard, new technology, new technology, to replace the original design of the project, and put to use more favorable for owner reduce project cost, the depth of

9、 the design documents, cannot satisfy the relevant provisions of the relevant design phase of engineering change and requirements, cost increase or decrease, and when designing units in the preliminary design to fully consider the network planning, and in local government and related departments (e.

10、g., environmental protection, water conservancy, electricity, gas, communication, navigation, etc.) and the requirements of the project, the main structure change shape and size change etc, make the cost increase, and design personnel errors or omissions caused engineering change. Due to the "t

11、wo SanShen school system to implement the change that cost is increased, Unit, uncoordinated cooperation between designers, or the highway facilities with the principal part of the project design, cause sync job change, make cost increase, and the design drawing not timely delivery time delay, provi

12、de, construction, make the cost compensation shutdown caused by increased.Tthe contractor to change and cause the influence. CostThe contractor is unable to perform the contract or can't completely, the contractor shall take remedial measures proposed change, this kind of change of engineering c

13、ost, can increase by contractor burden loss,the contractor has beenapproved changes when bidding of construction project, this kind of change of cost, but almost no effect for the contractor may save construction cost, and the contractor for construction is convenient, or to shorten the construction

14、 period, or to reduce the investment of construction, and puts forward such reasons, and more economical and reasonable, optimizing design scheme, this kind of change if owner recognized, can reduce the construction cost, also can reduce the cost of the owner and the contractor, mutually beneficial,

15、 According to the contract, the contractor couldn't finish, engineering construction contract extension, the owner may terminate the contract terms, according to the content of construction contract inword 文檔 可自由復制編輯 whole or in part, by the contractor, this kind of other changes generally does

16、not make owner cost increase, but will make the contractor under loss, due to the contractor technology or management of the error caused by engineering change, this kind of change to the contractor, the owner may claim generally do not increase the cost, stipulated in the contract, the contractor c

17、hange by owner procurement materials, using other kinds of materials, and therefore model brand damage by contractor, unless the owner to approbate, generally do not add costthe supervisor of change and the causes of the costSupervision by the owner, commissioned by the cause of the change of the ow

18、ner or expenses directly influence the cost. 1 and supervision engineer in order to coordinate the contractor's operation, or section of this project contractors to coordinate with relevant departments or units where the relationsof production,easy cause engineering change caused by increased co

19、st. the site supervision engineers in actual situation in the contract and the technical specification for the design, according to local modification and perfect or by design, this kind of change unit may cause increased cost. and supervision engineers work and coordination ability damage caused by

20、 lack of rework, engineering cost change work. and supervision engineer proposed optimization design or construction, the design optimization or contractor agree, can reduce engineering changes caused by the project cost.The environment factors and impact on the cost of changeEngineering geology unk

21、nown or insufficiency in design, engineering cost increased to. and highway engineering construction projects from the construction, project feasibility study, design and construction drawing design to construction, due to various reasons, the project in the declaration and approval process, some pr

22、oblems existing in the construction stage, these problems caused by exposure to change, and engineering cost increase. and national policies, laws and regulations and standard, the change of change, resulting in increased cost. Four, the local government of the people's production and life conve

23、nient scheme adopted by engineering change after that cost increase. whose house is caused by delay, the work of engineering change, could lead to increased cost.word 文檔 可自由復制編輯Highway engineering change of a variety of reasons, this means that the appraisal work for engineering changes are complex

24、and difficult to decrease the cost, the change of the effects are also different. Through the analysis, is looking for engineering changes the various causes, and through the analysis of the cost control are not isolated, control cost, the key is to establish and perfect the scientific management sy

25、stem. Based on control cost, quality assurance and accelerate the progress, the principle of efficiency to determine the necessity and feasibility of engineering change. Only in this way can we truly achieve the effective control of the construction project cost and improve the economic benefit and

26、social benefit.word 文檔 可自由復制編輯公路工程變更原因分析及其對工程造價的影響摘要：公路工程在實施階段由于設(shè)計因素、環(huán)境因素等多方面的影響，發(fā)生工程變更 是較常見的，文章結(jié)合工程實踐，探討工程變更的原因及其對工程造價的影響。關(guān)鍵詞：工程變更；原因；造價影響由于公路工程項目路線長、工期長、涉及面廣，因此在施工中由各種原因引起的 工程變更也不可避免。 工程變更可能導致建設(shè)費用的增減或工期的延長， 在業(yè)主和承 包商之間會出現(xiàn)索賠和反索賠，使工程的造價發(fā)生變化。一、業(yè)主原因引起變更及其對造價的影響1、業(yè)主改變工程招標時承諾的施工條件。如 “三通一平 ”條件，本工程緊前項目 的延遲

27、完成等，會增加承包方的結(jié)算費用，但對總造價影響很?。?、業(yè)主變更項目內(nèi)容或項目數(shù)量。增加項目內(nèi)容或者數(shù)量，會增加造價；減少或取消項目內(nèi)容或數(shù)量 會降低造價，但可能影響工程的使用功能； 3、因業(yè)主原 因同承包方簽訂的協(xié)議存在 不完整之外，或在標段劃分時出現(xiàn)遺漏內(nèi)容，會增加合同外造價；4、業(yè)主要求提前竣工交付，縮短原合同工期， 導致施工單位投入更多 的人力和物力， 使造價增加； 5、 業(yè)主要求提高原設(shè)計標準， 從安全美觀等角度要求改變工程結(jié)構(gòu)的型式、 標高、基線、 位置、尺寸、強度等，使造價增加； 6、業(yè) 主要求改變已在施工組織設(shè)計中被批準的 施工方案，使造價增加； 7、業(yè)主對原合同中約定同業(yè)主供

28、應(yīng)的材料或設(shè)備的種類或 數(shù)量進行增減，引起造價增加或減 少； 8、業(yè)主的指定發(fā)包不合理，會使造價增加。二、設(shè)計原因引起變更及其對造價的影響1、設(shè)計采用新標準、新工藝、新技術(shù)來替代原有設(shè)計，使項目的投入使用更加 有利，并為業(yè)主減少工程造價； 2、設(shè)計文件的深度不能滿足相應(yīng)設(shè)計 階段的有關(guān)規(guī) 定要求而引起的工程變更，導致造價增加或減少； 3、設(shè)計單位在初步設(shè)計時未能充 分考慮原地面的路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃和地方政府及相關(guān)部門（如環(huán)境保護、供 電、供氣、水利、 通訊、航道等）的要求而引起的工程變更，主要表現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)形式和尺寸的改變等方面， 使造價增加； 4、設(shè)計人員的錯誤或疏漏引起工程變更。由于 “二校三審 ”制度落

29、實不 夠?qū)е伦兏乖靸r增加； 5、設(shè)計單位設(shè)計人員之間配合不協(xié)調(diào)，或公路的附屬設(shè)施 同主體工程的設(shè)計不同步，引起工作變更，使造價增 加；6 、分期交付的設(shè)計圖紙不 能及時提供，工期延誤，造成施工方停工引起索賠，使造價增加。word 文檔 可自由復制編輯三、承包人原因引起變更及其對造價的影響1、承包人無法履行或不能完全履行合同，承包人提出采取補救措施的變更，這 類變更不能增加工程造價，由承包人負擔損失費用； 2、承包人變更投 標時已被批準 的施工方案，這類變更對造價幾乎不會產(chǎn)生影響，但可能為承包人節(jié)省施工費用；3、承包人為了施工方便，或為縮短工期，或為減少投入等原因，提 出對施工有利，且 更加經(jīng)濟、合理、優(yōu)化的設(shè)計方案，這類變更如果業(yè)主認可，可減少施工成本，也可 降低造價，