C++上機實驗報告材料實驗四

1、實驗四數(shù)組、指針與字符串1. 實驗目的1. 學習使用數(shù)組2. 學習字符串數(shù)據(jù)的組織和處理3學習標準C+庫的使用4. 掌握指針的使用方法5. 練習通過 Debug 觀察指針的容及其所指的對象的容6. 聯(lián)系通過動態(tài)存分配實現(xiàn)動態(tài)數(shù)組，并體會指針在其中的作用7分別使用字符數(shù)組和標準C+庫練習處理字符串的方法2. 實驗要求1編寫并測試3*3矩陣轉置函數(shù)，使用數(shù)組保存3*3矩陣。2. 使用動態(tài)存分配生成動態(tài)數(shù)組來重新完成上題，使用指針實現(xiàn)函數(shù)的功能。3編程實現(xiàn)兩字符串的連接。要求使用字符數(shù)組保存字符串，不要使用系統(tǒng)函數(shù)。4使用string類定義字符串對象，重新實現(xiàn)上一小題。5. 定義一個Employee

2、類，其中包括、街道地址、城市和郵編等屬性，以及change_name()和 display。等函數(shù)。Display。顯示、街道地址、城市和郵編等屬性，change_name()改變對象的屬 性。實現(xiàn)并測試這個類。6. 定義包含5個元素的對象數(shù)組，每個元素都是Employee類型的對象。7. (選做)修改實驗4中的選做實驗中的 people (人員)類。具有的屬性如下：char name11、編號 char number7、性別 char sex3、生日 birthday、號 char id16。其中"出生日期”定 義為一個“日期”類嵌對象。用成員函數(shù)實現(xiàn)對人員信息的錄入和顯示。要求包

3、括：構造函 數(shù)和析構函數(shù)、拷貝構造函數(shù)、聯(lián)成員函數(shù)、聚集。在測試程序中定義people 類的對象數(shù)組，錄入數(shù)據(jù)并顯示。3. 實驗容及實驗步驟1. 編寫矩陣轉置函數(shù)，輸入?yún)?shù)為3*3整形數(shù)組，使用循環(huán)語句實現(xiàn)矩陣元素的行列對調， 注意在循環(huán)語句中究竟需要對哪些元素進行操作， 編寫 main ()函數(shù)實現(xiàn)輸入、 輸出。 程序 名： lab6_1.cpp。2. 改寫矩陣轉置函數(shù)，參數(shù)為整型指針，使用指針對數(shù)組元素進行操作，在main ()函數(shù)中 使用 new 操作符分配存生成動態(tài)數(shù)組。通過 Debug 觀察指針的容及其所指的對象中的容。 程序名： lab6_2.cpp。3. 編程實現(xiàn)兩字符串的連接。

4、定義字符數(shù)組保存字符串，在程序中提示用戶輸入兩個字符串，實現(xiàn)兩個字符串的連接，最后用cout語句顯示輸出。程序名：lab6_3.cpp。用cin實現(xiàn)輸入，注意，字符串的結束標志是ASCII碼0,使用循環(huán)語句進行字符串間的字符拷貝。4. 使用 string 類定義字符串對象，編程實現(xiàn)兩字符串的連接。在 string 類中已重載了運算符“+=”實現(xiàn)字符串的連接,可以使用這個功能。程序名：lab6_4.cpp。5. 在employee.h文件中定義 Employee類。Employee類具有、街道地址、城市和郵編等私有數(shù)據(jù)成員，在成員函數(shù)中，構造函數(shù)用來初始化所有數(shù)據(jù)成員;display()中使用c

5、out顯示、街道地址、城市和郵編等屬性，change_name() 改變類中表示屬性的數(shù)據(jù)成員。在主程序中定義這個類的對象并對其進行操作。程序名： lab6_5.cpp 。6. 使用上一小題中定義的 Employee 類定義對象數(shù)組 emp5 ，使用循環(huán)語句把數(shù)據(jù)顯示出來。 程序名： lab6_6.cpp 。4. 思考題1.如何存儲和處理字符串？ (1)可以利用字符數(shù)組存儲和處理字符串；( 2)利用系統(tǒng)提供的 string 類存儲和處理字符串。2頭文件<string.h>和頭文件<string>有何區(qū)別？包含頭文件<string.h>后，可以使用系統(tǒng)的字符串

6、處理函數(shù)，如strcat (連接).strcpy (復制).strcmp (比較).strlen (求長度).strlwr (轉換為小寫).strupr (轉換為大寫)等等； 而包含頭文件<string>后，則可以定義string類，并且使用系統(tǒng)提供的string類操作符對string類型的對象進行處理。3. 有幾種方法來表示和處理數(shù)組元素？( 1)數(shù)組下標方法，如ai(2)指針的方法，如 int* p=&a05. 源程序#include<iostream>using namespace std;int a33;void showTrans()int i,j;c

7、out<<"The transposition matrix is:"<<endl;for(j=0;j<3;j+)for(i=0;i<3;i+)cout<<aij;cout<<" "cout<<endl;void input()int i,j; cout<<"Please input your 3*3 matrix:"<<endl;for(i=0;i<3;i+)for(j=0;j<3;j+)cin>>aij;int

8、main() input(); showTrans();return 0;#include<iostream> using namespace std;int* p9;void showTrans()int i,j;cout<<"The transposition matrix is:"<<endl; for(i=0;i<3;i+)for(j=i;j<9;j=j+3) cout<<*pj; cout<<" " cout<<endl;void input()int i,n;

9、cout<<"Please input your 3*3 matrix:"<<endl; for(i=0;i<9;i+)cin>>n;pi=new int(n);int main() input(); showTrans();int i; for(i=0;i<9;i+) delete pi;return 0;#include<iostream>/ 不使用系統(tǒng)自帶函數(shù) strcpy using namespace std;char a20="/0",b20="/0",c45=&

10、quot;/0"int main()int i,j,k; cout<<"Input the first string:"<<endl; cin.getline(a,20,'n');cout<<"Input the second string:"<<endl; cin.getline(b,20,'n');int m=0,n=0;/ 將數(shù)組 a 中的字符串拷貝到數(shù)組 c 中 for(k=0;k<45,am!='0'k+,m+) ck=am;/將數(shù)組

11、b中的字符串接著a，拷貝到數(shù)組c中 for(;k<45,bn!='0'k+,n+) ck=bn; cout<<c;return 0;4. lab6_4.cpp#include<iostream> #include<cstring> using namespace std; char a20="/0",b20="/0"int main()cout<<"Input the first string:"<<endl; cin.getline(a,20,'

12、;n');cout<<"Input the second string:"<<endl; cin.getline(b,20,'n');string s1=a;string s2=b;string s3=s1+s2; cout<<s3;return 0;5. Employee.h#ifndef Employee_H_INCLUDED #define Employee_H_INCLUDEDclass Employee private:char name15;char address25;char city10;int

13、postcode;public:Employee();Employee(char n,char a,char c,int p); Employee();void change_name();void change_address();void change_city();void change_postcode();void display();#endif / Employee_H_INCLUDEDEmployee.cpp#include<iostream> #include"Employee.h" using namespace std;Employee:E

14、mployee()Employee:Employee(char n,char a,char c,int p) name0=n;name1='0'address0=a;address1='0'city0=c;city1='0'postcode=p;Employee:Employee()void Employee:change_name()cout<<"Please input your changed name:"<<endl; cin.getline(name,15,'n');void

15、Employee:change_address()cout<<"Please input your changed address:"<<endl; cin.getline(address,25,'n');void Employee:change_city()cout<<"Please input your changed city:"<<endl; cin.getline(city,10,'n');void Employee:change_postcode()cout<

16、;<"Please input your changed postcode:"<<endl; cin>>postcode;void Employee:display()cout<<"Your information shows as follow:"<<endl; cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl; cout<<"address:"<<address<<endl; cout

17、<<"city:"<<city<<endl;cout<<"postcode:"<<postcode<<endl;int main()Employee person(1,1,1,1);person.display();person.change_name();person.change_address();person.change_city();person.change_postcode(); person.display();return 0;6. Employee.h#ifnd

18、ef Employee_H_INCLUDED #define Employee_H_INCLUDEDclass Employee private:char name15;char address25;char city10;int postcode;public:Employee();Employee(char n,char a,char c,int p); Employee();void change_name();void change_address();void change_city();void change_postcode(); void display();#endif /

19、Employee_H_INCLUDEDEmployee.cpp#include<iostream> #include"Employee.h" using namespace std;Employee:Employee()Employee:Employee(char n,char a,char c,int p) name0=n; name1='0'address0=a; address1='0'city0=c;city1='0'postcode=p;Employee:Employee()void Employee:c

20、hange_name()cout<<"Please input your changed name:"<<endl; cin.getline(name,15,'n');void Employee:change_address()cout<<"Please input your changed address:"<<endl; cin.getline(address,25,'n');void Employee:change_city()cout<<"Ple

21、ase input your changed city:"<<endl;cin.getline(city,10,'n');void Employee:change_postcode()cout<<"Please input your changed postcode:"<<endl; cin>>postcode;void Employee:display()cout<<"Your information shows as follow:"<<endl; co

22、ut<<"name:"<<name<<endl; cout<<"address:"<<address<<endl; cout<<"city:"<<city<<endl;cout<<"postcode:"<<postcode<<endl;int main()Employeeemp5=Employee(1,1,1,1),Employee(2,2,2,2),Employee(3,

23、3,3,3),Employee(4,4,4,4),Employee(5,5,5,5);int i;for(i=0;i<5;i+)empi.display();empi.change_name();empi.change_address();empi.change_city();empi.change_postcode(); cin.get(); for(i=0;i<5;i+)cout<<"The emp "<<i<<" " empi.display();return 0;7.#include<iost

24、ream> #include<cstring> using namespace std;/Date 類class Dateprivate:int year;int month;int day;public:Date();Date(int y,int m,int d);Date(Date &p);Date();void setDate();void showDate();/People 類，其中含 Date 類型的數(shù)據(jù) class Peopleprivate:char name11;char number7;char sex3;Date birthday; char i

25、d16;public: People();People(char* n,char* nu,char* s,Date b,char* i); People(People &p);People();void setName();void setNumber();void setSex();void setId();void showPeople();/Date 構造函數(shù)Date:Date()Date:Date(int y,int m,int d) year=y; month=m; day=d;Date:Date(Date &p)year=p.year;month=p.month;d

26、ay=p.day;/ 析構inline Date:Date()/Date 成員函數(shù)，設置出生年月日void Date:setDate()int y,m,d; cout<<"Input the year:" cin>>y;cout<<"Input the month:" cin>>m;cout<<"Input the day:" cin>>d; year=y;month=m;day=d;/Date 聯(lián)成員函數(shù)，輸出年月日 inline void Date:showD

27、ate() cout<<"Birthday is "<<year<<"年"<<month<<"月"<<day<<"日"<<endl;/People 構造函數(shù)People:People();People:People(char* n,char* nu,char* s,Date b,char* i) strcpy(name,n); strcpy(number,nu); strcpy(sex,s); birthday=b; s

28、trcpy(id,i);People:People(People &p)strcpy(name,); strcpy(number,p.number); birthday=p.birthday; strcpy(id,p.id);/People 析構 inline People:People()/People 成員函數(shù)，設置各類數(shù)據(jù)void People:setName()cout<<"Please input the person's name:" cin.getline(name,11,'n');void People

29、:setNumber()cout<<"Input number:" cin.getline(number,7,'n');void People:setSex()cout<<"Input sex:" cin.getline(sex,3,'n');void People:setId()cout<<"Input id:" cin.getline(id,16,'n');/People 聯(lián)成員函數(shù)，輸出人員信息 inline void People:showPe

30、ople() cout<<"Name:"<<name<<endl;cout<<"Number:"<<number<<endl;cout<<"Sex:"<<sex<<endl;cout<<"ID:"<<id<<endl;int main()int i;char spaceA;/ 生成 3 個 Date 類型的對象Date date3=Date(0,0,0),Date(0,0,

31、0),Date(0,0,0);/ 生成 3 個 People 類型的對象People person3=People("0","0","0",date0,"0"),People("0","0","0",date1,"0"),People("0","0","0",dat e2,"0");/設置這 3 個對象的各類信息for(i=0;i<3;i+)perso

32、ni.setName();personi.setNumber();personi.setSex();personi.setId();datei.setDate(); spaceA=getchar();/輸出這 3 個對象的各類信息for(i=0;i<3;i+)personi.showPeople(); datei.showDate();return 0;6. 運行結果2.3.4.Input the first string:abcl23Input the second string-：deg45Ga)jcl23deg456Process returned 0 (0x0) executio

33、n time : 6 _55Press anv kep to continue .Your informat ion shows as fo>11owbnanecity ：postcade-1Please Input youir changed nane lizhihoPlease input oui*shisMC175Flcase input 胃uir shenvaingrPlease input yourchanged address =GhaRnyGdchancfed postcode»6.1234567Vouf infoi*mat ioin showsfollow：name lizhibo address - shisheC175 city-shenyangr postcode =1234567Ppoce? i*e|i4ifen|d 0 C0x0)9x9cut xon <r line 二 23 * 930 &Press anv key to continue.He em)i)0 ?ourinformationsiloesasfollou:njiine =01bifid. 1c ity：2 li