8種時(shí)態(tài)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)8種基本時(shí)態(tài)講解

1、 英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)8種基本時(shí)態(tài)講解 一.概念： 英語(yǔ)中表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動(dòng)詞形式表示， 這種不同的動(dòng)詞形式稱為時(shí)態(tài) 二.種類： （基本時(shí)態(tài)） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 三用法： 1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)及客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)和普遍真理。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常以動(dòng)詞原形表示，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s或-es。 2） 句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+V .（包括be動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)+ She is an engin eer. He has breakfast at 6:00every day.

2、3） 注意： a） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常與 always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a week 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 I always watch TV at 8:00 in the eve ning . They go home once a week . We usually do our homework at home . b） 表客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)或普遍真理。 The sun always rises in the east . The light travels faster tha n the sound . c） 表永遠(yuǎn)性的

3、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 He lives in the country . 4）第三人稱單數(shù)變化形式。 a） 一般情況動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-s . come-comes speak-speaks work-works live-lives b） 以o, s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾的單詞在詞后加-es. do-does go-goes fini sh-fi ni shes brush-brushes fix-fixes pass-passes watch-watches c） 以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單詞變 y為i加-es. Study-studies carry-carries cry-cries d）

4、以“元音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-s. play-plays stay-stays 例句：我們每天晚上九點(diǎn)做作業(yè)。 我在早上七點(diǎn)半起床。 他每天七點(diǎn)去上班。 我們經(jīng)常下午打籃球他喜歡音樂。 地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 火車六點(diǎn)出發(fā)。 5) 否定句和疑問句。 a) He is an engin eer. He isn t an engineer. Is he an engin eer? Yes, he is ./ No, he i sn t. b) We get up at 7:30 in the morning . We don t get up at 7:30 in the morning . D

5、o you get up at 7:30 in the morning ? Yes, we do. / No, we don t. c) -He likes music. He does n t like music. Does he like music? Yes ,he does./ No, he doesn t . 2般過(guò)去時(shí) 1) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) yesterday, last ni ght ,some years ago, in 1990,i n those days. I was a stude nt 6years ago.等連

6、用 I went to Beiji ng last year. They saw a film last ni ght . 2) 句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ).過(guò)去時(shí)+賓語(yǔ)+ 例句：昨天他很忙。 去年他抽煙了。 兩年前他去參軍了。 他在1990年去世了。 3) 否定句和疑問句。 a) He was busy yesterday. He was n t busy. Was he busy? Yes, he was./ No, he wasn t. b) -He smoked last year. He didn t smoke last year. Did he smoke last year? Yes ,h

7、e did ./No ,he didn t. c) -He joi ned the army in 1990. He didn t joined the army in 1990. Did he join the army in 1990? Yes ,he did ./No ,he did n 4）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則 a） 一般情況下的詞加-ed. t. work-worked callcalled laughlaughed Explain-expla ined finish-fini shed kno ck-k no cked b） 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-d . live-liv

8、ed change-cha nged smokesmoked diedied graduate-graduated drive-drove c） 以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變 y為i加-ed. study-studied carry-carried cry-cried trytried marry-married d） 以“元音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-ed. play-played stay-stayed e） 以“一個(gè)元音字母+個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的單詞應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加 -ed. stop-stopped pla n-pla nned pat-patted f） 動(dòng)詞不規(guī)

9、則變化： do-did go-went come-came run-ran write-wrote begin-bega n drink-drank keep-kept leave-left sleep-slept make-made lie-lay dig-dug eat-ate know-knew cut-cut set-set let-let read-read hurthurt 例句：我前天拿走了這本書。 去年我買了一輛自行車。 每天晚上我聽音樂。 她通常待在家里。 兩天前我完成了這項(xiàng)工作。 復(fù)習(xí)： 1) I (be) a teacher 2 years ago. 2) He (be)

10、 a stude nt now. 3) He (do) his homework at home every day. 4) They (joi n) the Party in 1998. 5) We (not eat) apples yesterday. 6) We (not play) basketball every day. 7) He (not go ) home once a week. 8) I am 16 years old.( 劃線部分提問) 9) I go to work at 8:OOevery morning.( 劃線部分提問) 劃線部分提問） 10) They joi

11、 ned the Party in 1990.(11) I went to Beijing last year.( 劃線部分提問） 3. 般將來(lái)時(shí) 1) 表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, n ext Sun day, soon, in a few days 等連用。 2) 句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ will/shall + V.原形+(第一人稱用 shall ) I shall go to Shan ghai tomorrow. They will have a meet ing n ext week. -She

12、will be 20 years old. -Will she be 20 years old? Yes, she will./ No, she won t . 3) 主語(yǔ)+ will/shall + V.原形 + be(am, is, are)go ing to They will have a meeti ng n ext Sun day. (will=are going to ) -What will they do next Sunday ? -Whe n will they have a meeti ng? 4) be about to + V.原形 I am about to le

13、ave school. 不能與表示時(shí)間的副詞連用。 They are about to set out.( V)2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) +be(am, is, are)+ v- ing + They are about to set out soon.( 復(fù)習(xí)題： 1. He (do) his homework at school every day. 2. They (fini sh) their work yesterday. 3. We (visit) their farm n ext year. 4. 我半小時(shí)后要吃午飯。 5. 他將騎自行車去學(xué)校。 6. 他們下周日將去買汽車。 4. 過(guò)

14、去將來(lái)時(shí) 1) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是立足于過(guò)去某時(shí)，從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。主要用于 賓語(yǔ)從句中。 2 )基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) +would/should was/were going to +V. 原形 + He said that he would have a meet ing n ext week. (He says that he will n ave a meet ing n ext week.) They said we should leave school tomorrow. (They say we shall leave school tomorrow.) 5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

15、 1) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。通常與 now, at prese nt 間狀語(yǔ)連用。等時(shí) You are liste ning to me carefully now. She is writ ing a letter this year. Look! They are dancing. We are study ing En glish at prese nt . It s raining hard now. 3）動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成 一般動(dòng)詞直接在詞后加-ing do - doing read - reading work worki ng thi nk thi n

16、king study - studying go - going watch - watching jump - jumping 以不發(fā)音的字母 e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先去掉 e然后加-ing like - liking take - taking leave - leaving live - living receive - receiving dance - dancing come - coming smoke - smoking write - writ ing 以“一個(gè)元音字母 +個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母然后 再加-ing stop - stopping begin -

17、 beginningdig diggi ng swim swimmi ng run running sit sitt ing (注意：listen listening open opening eat eating rain - raining sleep - sleeping) 4) 6. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1) 表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作， 通常與at 6:00 yesterday, this/ that time yesterday, whe n 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等連用。 2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ) +be (was/were) +v- ing + 1. It was raining

18、at 7:00 the day before yesterday. 2. They were buildi ng a reservoir at this time last win ter. 3. We were readi ngwhe n the teacher came in. We weren t readi ng Were you reading What were you doing whe n the teacher came in. 3) 例句1.前天那個(gè)時(shí)候Tom正在看電影。 2. 上周日四點(diǎn)我們正在游泳。 at dig diggi ng swim swimmi ng 3. 師

19、看見我們時(shí)我們正在玩撲克 4. I _(do) my homework yesterday. 5. He _ (do) his homework at 5:00 yesterday. 6. He _ (do) his homework now. 7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1) 1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響 2 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 通常與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 up to now, in the past, recently, by for 5 years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just 2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ)+

20、 have/has + P.P( 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞) 1. I ve finished this work. 2. He has ever bee n to Australia. 3. I have not heard from her recen tly. 4. I have already read this book. Have you read ？ Yes, I have. No, I haven t. What have you read? 3) 過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成(規(guī)則變化同過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成) 不規(guī)則變化如下 do did done go went gone eat ate eate n co

21、me came come have had had write wrote written be was/were bee n see saw see n hear heard heard swim swam swum drink drank drunk give gave give n forget forgot forgotte n take took take n keep kept kept sleep slept slept teach taught taught buy bought bought tell told told make made made cut cut cut

22、hurt hurt hurt read read read let let let 4) 注意 1. 含有終止意義或暫短意義的動(dòng)詞不能與 for, since引導(dǎo)的 連用。 (buy, begi n, die, come, go , jo in, leave 等) A) I have bought a book. I have bought a book for 3 day. (wrong) I have had a book for 3 years. B) He have joined the army for 3 years. (wrong) He has bee n in the arm

23、y for 3 years. He joined the army 3 years ago. C) He has bee n dead for 3 years. He died 2 years ago. It is 2 years since he died. He has died for 2 years. (wr ong) D) He has gone to Australia.般時(shí)間 He has bee n to Australia. 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 (時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別) I _ (hear) form her recen tly / yesterday. 3. 例句

24、： 他已經(jīng)閱讀了這本書。 我們到目前為止已學(xué)習(xí)了兩千個(gè)單詞。 他們居住在中國(guó)三年了。 他看這部電影兩次了。 Bob自從1997年在這所學(xué)校教學(xué)。 8. 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 1) 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)， 的過(guò)去， 常與 by the time, by the end of ,before , by 間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ)+ had +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 + Whe n I got to the cin ema yesterday the film had begu n already. 昨天當(dāng)我到達(dá)電影院時(shí)電影已經(jīng)開始了。 He had lear ned En glish before he came here. 他來(lái)這兒之前已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)了。 He had aught this class for 3 years by the time I