(小升初)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料

1、一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v,再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-po

2、licewomen mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teethfish-fish people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese二、代詞人稱代詞主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞(短名詞性物主代詞(長(zhǎng)我I me my mine你you you your yours他he him his his她she her her hers我們we us our ours你們you you your yours他們they them their theirs口訣:主格應(yīng)該作主語(yǔ),放在句子的開(kāi)頭;賓格應(yīng)該作賓語(yǔ),放在動(dòng)詞

3、介詞后;形容詞性的物主代詞不能單獨(dú)用,必須接名詞或其他詞;名詞性的物主代詞,單獨(dú)使用就可以。如:I am a student.What is your name?His bag is on the desk.That one is not his.We can from America.We are friends.Let me help you.These shoes are nice.Try them on.They are drinking tea.三、動(dòng)詞1.be動(dòng)詞:am is are2.普通動(dòng)詞:have go come take get buy passsit stand hav

4、e talk walk see catch put等。動(dòng)詞的變化形式:動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)、動(dòng)詞+ing、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(詳見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài) 3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,must,should后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。如:I/He/She/They can sing.You should keep quiet in the library.You mustnt play with fire.Can you help me?4.使役動(dòng)詞:have,make,let后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。如:Let me help you.Mother made Jim stay at home all day.四、疑問(wèn)詞1.what

5、 who whose which where when why how2.“Wh-”questions:What are you doing?What color is it?What time is it?Whats the time?Which is your watch,the yellow one or the white one?Whos the man with a big nose?Whose bag is it?When is your birthday?Where is my ball pen?Why do you like summer?How many books are

6、 there in the school bag?How old is the young man?How much is the toy bear?How do you go to school everyday?五、形容詞和副詞big small little large tall long short fat thin old new young clean dirty warm hot cool cold fast slow lazy busy cheapearly late high low tired hungry thirsty beautiful delicious expen

7、sive favorite friendly popular六、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1.一般在形容詞或副詞后+erolder taller longer stronger2.多音節(jié)詞前+moremore interesting more exciting3.雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母,再+erbigger fatter4.把y變i,再+erheavier earlier5.不規(guī)則變化:well-better much/many-more6.favorite沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)如下表:形容詞(原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)old older the oldestnew newer the newestthin thinner

8、the thinnestbig bigger the biggestheavy heavier the heaviestearly earlier the earliestboring more boring the most boringdifficult more difficult the most difficultexpensive more expensive the most expensive七、介詞和副詞in on at under in front of behind after over acrossinto out of beside near next to八、som

9、e和anyI have some toys in my bedroom.Do you have any brothers or sisters?There are some books on the desk.Are there any books on the desk?九、時(shí)態(tài)(一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),通常用“usually,often,every day,sometimes”。1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語(yǔ)具備的性格和能力。2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句,動(dòng)詞要按規(guī)則加上s,主語(yǔ)是非第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句,動(dòng)詞用原形。3.在一般現(xiàn)

10、在時(shí)中,句中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),否定句在be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首。4.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的否定句在動(dòng)詞前加does+not (doesnt,一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加does,句子中原有動(dòng)詞用原形;主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱單數(shù),否定句用do+not (dont,一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加do,句子中動(dòng)詞用原形。動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches

11、,go-goes3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es,如:study-studies(二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be doing,通常用“Look!”“now”.1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,如:make-making,taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字

12、母,雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:run-running,stop-stopping(三一般將來(lái)時(shí)be going to1.be going to表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事情。2.肯定句:be going to+動(dòng)詞原形,如:Jim is going to play football.否定句:be not going to+動(dòng)詞原形,如:Jim is not going to play football.一般疑問(wèn)句:把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首,如:Is Jim going to play football?特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形?如:What

13、is Jim going to do?疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí):疑問(wèn)詞+be+going to+動(dòng)詞原形?如:Who is going to play football?will1.表示將要發(fā)生的事。2.肯定句:I will go to the zoo tomorrow.否定句:I will not(wontgo to the zoo tomorrow.一般疑問(wèn)句:Will you go to the zoo tomorrow?特殊疑問(wèn)句:Who will go to the zoo tomorrow?Where will you go tomorrow?When will you go to the

14、zoo?(四一般過(guò)去時(shí)1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2.Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化:am和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasntare在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=werent帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is,am,are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。3.句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子否定句:didnt+動(dòng)詞原形,如:Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句:在

15、句首加did,句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形?如:What did Jim do yesterday?疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí):疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則:1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled,cook-cooked2.結(jié)尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3.末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i,再加-ed

16、,如:study-studied5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式:am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat十、There be句型1.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞There i

17、s an apple on the plate.Is there an apple on the plate?There isnt an apple on the plate?2.復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞There are some apples on the table.Are there any apples on the table?There arent any apples on the table.3.不可數(shù)名詞There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isnt any water in the

18、 glass.十一、祈使句1.祈使句的定義祈使句是用來(lái)發(fā)出命令或指示,提出要求、建議、勸告等的句子。祈使句的第二人稱主語(yǔ)you通常不表示出來(lái),而是以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。例如:Be careful.小心。Have a coffee,please.請(qǐng)喝杯咖啡。Don't worry.不要擔(dān)心。(1省略第二人稱的主語(yǔ) Look out! There's a car coming. 小心！有車來(lái)了。 Don't touch me. 別碰我。 (2祈使句如需要強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)方時(shí)，亦可把 you 說(shuō)出來(lái)。 You be quiet! 你們安靜！ Don't you open the do

19、or.你不要開(kāi)門。 (3祈使句亦可用第三人稱作主語(yǔ)。 Somebody open the door.（注意：要用動(dòng)詞原形）來(lái)個(gè)人把門打開(kāi)。 Henry read the poem first. （注意：要用動(dòng)詞原形）亨利先讀這首詩(shī)。 Parents with children go to the front. 帶孩子的家長(zhǎng)到前面去。 Don't anybody open the door.（注意：要用 don't 而不是用 doesn't）誰(shuí)也不要開(kāi)門。 3祈使句的肯定與否定 （1）肯定： a. 動(dòng)詞 多數(shù)的祈使句是以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭的 Look left. Help! L

20、ets go. Be quick. Be careful. Be seated. Stand up. Close the door. Sit down. Let me try. Look right. Keep silence. Let me see. b. 形容詞+表語(yǔ) Be quiet. Be on time. Have a cup of tea, please. （2）否定： a. Dont +動(dòng)詞原形 Dont walk. Dont cry. Don't litter. Dont worry. Dont touch. Dont run. Dont move. Dont writ

21、e. Dont make noise in class. Dont hit other children. Dont climb the trees. b. Dont + be 動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) Dont be late. Dont be nervous. c. No + 名詞或動(dòng)名詞 No swimming. No cameras. No parking. No bikes. No food. No smoking. 祈使句的否定形式一般是在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加上 do not 或 don't （口語(yǔ)中） ，有時(shí)也可用 never 。若祈使句有主 語(yǔ)，否定詞 don't 或 never

22、 要置于主語(yǔ)之前。 Do not come in unless asked. 非請(qǐng)莫入。 Don't you believe it.決不要相信它。 6 Don't anyone make any noise. 誰(shuí)也不要吵吵鬧鬧。 Never be late again next time. 下一次千萬(wàn)不要再遲到了。 4. 祈使句：不同的口氣 Would you kindly open the door? （最客氣） Will you please open the door? （客氣） Please open the door.（客氣） Open the door, will

23、you? （客氣） Just open the door.（對(duì)熟人的要求） Open the door.（略帶命令口氣） Open the door, you? （傲氣十足） 5. 祈使句：強(qiáng)調(diào) 可以在祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形之前加上 do 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。 Do be honest. 一定要誠(chéng)實(shí)。 Do be quiet a moment. 一定要安靜一會(huì)兒。 Do let me go. 一定讓我去吧。 Do tell me the reason. 務(wù)必告訴我理由。 6. 祈使句：其他表達(dá)法 Patience! 要有耐心！ （名詞） Bottoms up! 干杯！ （名詞） After you! 您先請(qǐng)！

24、 （介詞短語(yǔ)）Quickly! 快！ （副詞） 十二、必背句型 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. What is your name? My name is Li Ming. How old are you? Im twelve (years old. How are you? Im fine, think you. What are you doing (now? I am watching TV. What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to play football. What will she do next?

25、She will go shopping. What did you do yesterday? I saw a film. What color is it? It is pink. What time is it? = Whats the time? Its 7 oclock. 7 Hands up! 舉起手來(lái)！ （名詞） 10. What your favorite subject? English is my favorite subject. 11. Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one? The yellow one. 12. Which season do you like best? I like summer, because I can swim. 13. Whos the man with a big nose? He is my uncle. 14. Whose bag is it? Its my mothers. 15. Whose socks are these? They are Jimmys. 16. When is your birthday? My birthday is December, 12th. 17. Where is my ball pen?