秦始皇陵兵馬俑_英語_ppt

1、Traveling in xian-Terra cotta backround The Terracotta Army was discovered in the spring of 1974 to the east of Xian in Shaanxi province by a group of farmers when they were digging a water well around 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the Qin emperors tomb mound at Mount Li (Lishan), a region riddled with un

2、derground springs and watercourses. For centuries, there had been occasional reports of pieces of terracotta figures and fragments of the Qin necropolis roofing tiles, bricks, and chunks of masonry having been dug up in the area. This most recent discovery prompted Chinese archaeologists to investig

3、ate, and they unearthed the largest pottery figurine group ever found in China. A brief introduction of the museum of the terracotta amry The Museum of the Terracotta Amry was opened to the public in 1979.it is the world-famous museum that is constructed on the site of its findings .The main exhibit

4、s of the Museum of the Terracotta Amry are three exposed pits with clay warriors and horses, as well as the hall of the two bronze chariots and horses .Approximates 8,000 clay warriors and horses, more than 10,000 brozen weapons have been found in the pits. The museun is like a treasure house of Qin

5、 Dynastys military affairs, science and technology, art and culture. It has been listed as an UNESCO “world heritage site” today the “eight wonder of the world” has become a synonym for the well-known terracotta amry. The figures vary in height according to their roles, with the tallest being the ge

6、nerals. The figures include warriors,chariots and horses. Current estimates are that in the three pits containing the Terracotta Army there were over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which are still buried in the pits.1 Other terracotta non-militar

7、y figures were also found in other pits and they include officials, acrobats, strongmen and musicians.Construction of figuresDiagram of the museumPits There are four main pits associated with the terracotta army.These pits are located about 1.5 km east of the burial mound and are about 7 metres deep

8、. The army is placed as if to protect the tomb from the east, where all the Qin Emperors conquered states lay. Pit one, which is 230 metres long and 62 metres wide, contains the main army of more than 6,000 figures Briefing of pit 1 Pit 1 is the largest of the three pits. It measures 230 meters long

9、 from east to west ,62 meters wide from north to south,convering an area of 14,260 square meters.UP to now ,about 2,000 pottery warriors and horses,20 wooden chariots have been unearthed whinin an area of 4,000 square meters. Its assumed that more than 6,000 terra-cotta warriors and horses,50 chario

10、ts were buried in Pit 1.230 meters62 metersPit 15 meters11 corridors10 walls14,260 squarmetersthe largest excavation pit of the Terracotta Army. 210Briefing of pit 2 Pit two has cavalry and infantry units as well as war chariots and is thought to represent a military guard. It was one of the most sp

11、ectacular Army team in three pit ,It measures 96 meters long from east to west ,84 meters wide from north to south,convering an area of 8,064 square meters.UP to now ,about 1,300 pottery warriors and horses,80 wooden chariots have been unearthed6000 square meters1000 warriors and 500 chariots and ho

12、rsesPit 21.781.98 m110130kg Briefing of pit 3 Pit three is the command post, with high ranking officers and a war chariot. UP to now ,about 68 pottery warriors and 4 clay horse have been unearthed within an area of 520 square meters. Pit four is empty, seemingly left unfinished by its builders. 520

13、square metersCommanders officePrayer Hall68 warriors and 4 clay horsesPit 3Bronze Chariots and HorsesChariot No.1 1182 piecesHigh Chariot1.55m 1061kgChariot No.2 Security Chariot1.06m 1182kg1555 piecesFindings Weapons such as swords, spears, battle-axe（戰(zhàn)斧）, scimitars（短彎刀）, shields（盾）, crossbows（駑） a

14、nd arrowheads（箭頭） were found at the pits of the terracotta warriors. Some of these weapons such as the swords are still very sharp and found to be coated with chromium oxide. This layer of chromium oxide is 1015 micrometre thick and has kept the swords rust-free and in pristine condition after 2,000

15、 years. Chromium only came to the attention of westerners in the 18th century.Many swords contain an alloy of copper, tin and other elements including nickel, magnesium, and cobalt. A Qin crossbow arrow is estimated to have a range of 800 metres. Bronze sword (青銅劍）Cut though 20 pieces of paper put t

16、ogetherCoated with a layer of oxidative chromiumGerman 1930GalleryTerracotta Warrior, kneeling figurine. Ranks of terracotta infantrymen. A rank of soldiers. One of the soldiers on the left is missing his head, a result of the fact that the statues were made in pieces and then assembled. Note how th

17、e faces of these two soldiers differ from each other. Each statue was constructed to be unique. An archers statue. A cavalryman and his moun The Terracotta Warriors were once painted. Today only a handful of statues contain small amounts of paint. Also notice the detail put into the soles of the warriors shoes. A cavalryman and his mount A large number of other pits which formed the necropolis have also been excavated.These pits may lie within or outside the walls surrounding the t