危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志使用指南

1、3M China危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志使用指南In troductio n簡(jiǎn)介Hazard warni ng labels are an importa nt part of the health and safety con trols providedon equipme nt to warn pers onnel of pote ntial hazards associated with the equipme nt.Hazard warning labels should be used when hazards have not been eliminated from equipment t

2、hrough other means ., a complete en closure of the hazard to preve nt exposure) and the pote ntial for exposure to the hazards is still prese nt. This applies both to hazards which can be present at all times during normal operating conditions and hazards which may be prese nt only duri ng specific

3、con diti ons. Hazard warning labels should be used for the variety of hazards that can be prese nt in equipme nt in clud ing the follow ing:ElectricalMoving partsChemicalHot surfacesNon-i onizing radiati onLasers危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志是設(shè)備所能提供的健康及安全控制措施的重要組成部分之一，它能警告人們與設(shè)備伴隨的潛在隱患。危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)用于通過其他手段不能完全消除設(shè)備隱患，并且仍存在有接觸這些隱患

4、的可能的情況下。這包括這些隱患會(huì)在整個(gè)正常操作條件下出現(xiàn)以及只會(huì)在特定條件下 岀現(xiàn)兩種情況。危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)用于下列會(huì)在設(shè)備中存在的不同隱患：電移動(dòng)部件化學(xué)品高溫表面非電離輻射激光The selectionof the specific labels to be used will depend on the types of hazards presentin the equipme nt.應(yīng)根據(jù)岀現(xiàn)在設(shè)備中的隱患的種類來選擇所應(yīng)采用的危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志的類型。This guide will address four basic issues related to the use of hazard

5、 warninglabels:本指南將說明使用危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志的四個(gè)基本問題：When are labels required什么時(shí)候需要使用危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志W(wǎng)here should the labels be placed危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在什么地方What format is required需要使用什么樣的格式Examples of Warning Labels危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志范例When are Labels Required什么時(shí)候需要使用危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志In gen eral, labels are not an acceptable substitute for remov ing or con

6、troll ing the hazard to safe levels with engineering controls. Labels should be provided as an additional warning when exposure to a hazard is possible during operations,maintenanceor service, or other uses of the equipment. As an example, if a maintenance task requires remov ing a guard which provi

7、des protecti on aga inst moving parts, the guard should be labeled because of the potential for injury from the moving parts. In this case, the hazard is only prese nt whe n the guard is removed. If a hazard is prese nt at all times during normal operating conditions, the portion of the equipment wh

8、ere the hazard is prese nt should be labeled.總體而言，在消除或控制隱患的安全水平方面，危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志并不是工程控制的一種可接受的替代品。危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)用于在操作、維修、維護(hù)或其他使用設(shè)備過程中可能會(huì)接觸隱患的一種附加的警告。例如，如果一項(xiàng)維修任務(wù)需要移開一個(gè)安全防護(hù)罩，而這個(gè)安全防護(hù)罩會(huì)保護(hù)某一移動(dòng)部件，那么這個(gè)安全防護(hù)罩就應(yīng)該加上危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志，因?yàn)檫@一移動(dòng)部件可能會(huì)造成傷害。在這個(gè)例子中，隱患只是在安全防護(hù)罩被移開以后才會(huì)出現(xiàn)。如果某一隱患在正常操作過程中會(huì)一直存在的話，存在隱患的設(shè)備部分就應(yīng)該予以標(biāo)示。Where Should Labels Be

9、 Placed危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在什么地方If a guard or barrier is used to provide protectionagainst a hazard, the labels shouldbe placed on the barrier, guard, cover or part that must be opened or removed to gainaccess to the hazard. If there are several layers of barriers ., outer skin and interior guard）, the label sh

10、ould be placed on the last barrier to be removed before reachi ng the hazardous area.Some examples of this are listed below:Electrical panel access cover or door. The label should be placed on the panel cover or door which would allow exposure to electrical hazards whe n ope ned,A guard over a movin

11、g parts hazard. The label should be placed on the last guardor cover which must be removed in order to access the moving parts,如果某一防護(hù)罩或柵欄用于保護(hù)某一危險(xiǎn)，危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志就應(yīng)該放在這些必須打開或移開后才會(huì)接觸到隱患的柵欄、防護(hù)罩或部件上。如果柵欄有幾層（例如外殼和內(nèi)部防護(hù)罩），危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放置在接觸到危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域之前所應(yīng)移開的最后一層?xùn)艡谏?。以下是一些這樣的例子：配電盤蓋板或門。危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在打開后就會(huì)導(dǎo)致接觸電能危險(xiǎn)的蓋板或門上。某一移動(dòng)部件上的防護(hù)罩。危險(xiǎn)

12、警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在接觸到移動(dòng)部件之前必須移開的隨后一層 防護(hù)罩或蓋板上。Where equipme nt contains hazardous or pote ntially hazardous materials .chemicals, lasers, X-ray sources, a war ning label should be placed on theoutside of the equipme nt to in dicate the hazard(s) contained withi n.如果設(shè)備內(nèi)貯存有危險(xiǎn)的或潛在危險(xiǎn)的物質(zhì)(例如：化學(xué)品、激光、X射線)，危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在設(shè)備的外

13、表面以注明所存在的隱患。The label should be placed on the equipment where it is most likely to be noticed bypers onnel who will be work ing with the equipme nt and could be exposed to the hazard.This should take into accou nt the follow ing:危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)防止在設(shè)備上最容易被使用該設(shè)備并可能會(huì)接觸隱患的人注意的地方。這需要從以下幾個(gè)方面考慮：Directio n from whic

14、h pers onnel will approach the area of the equipme nt where thehazard is prese nt. If access is only possible from the rear of the equipme nt, thelabel should be placed on the rear of the equipme nt where pers onnel will work oraccess the equipme nt,人接近設(shè)備危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域部位的方向。如果人只能從設(shè)備的后面接近設(shè)備，那么危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志就應(yīng)放在設(shè)備后面人進(jìn)行

15、操作或接近設(shè)備的地方。Posture of the person when removing the guard or performing tasks that involve thepotentialfor exposure. If a task requires that a person sit on the ground in orderto remove a guard or cover, the label should be placed on the guard or cover whereit would be easily seen when sitting on the

16、 ground or when approaching the equipment for this task.人移開防護(hù)罩或進(jìn)行可能接觸隱患操作時(shí)的姿勢(shì)。如果某一任務(wù)需要人坐在地上來移開防護(hù)罩或蓋板，危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志就應(yīng)放在人坐在地上時(shí)容易看見的地方。If the hazard is present in the equipment at all times during normal operatingconditions,the label should be placed in an area where it can easily be see n by pers onnel work

17、ing with the equipme nt and n ear the locati on of the hazard. This should take into accou nt the locati on where pers onnel will be whe n work ing with the equipme nt. Thus, if the hazard can be accessed from both front and back, labels will be needed for both the front and rear of the equipme nt.如

18、果某一隱患會(huì)在設(shè)備的正常操作過程中一直存在，危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志就應(yīng)該放在危險(xiǎn)源附近并容易被操作人員看見的地方。這需要考慮操作設(shè)備時(shí)人的位置。因此，如果某一隱患從設(shè)備的前面和后面都可以接觸到，那么設(shè)備的前面和后面就都應(yīng)該有危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志。What Format is Required需要什么樣的格式The basic format requires three levels of information and formatting:A pictogram / graphic show ing what the hazard is,A sig nal word (Da nger. Warning, Ca

19、uti on) based upon the hazard level,Text describingthe hazard, the potential hazardous outcome and the precautionsto avoid the hazard所有危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志的基本格式至少應(yīng)包括以下三個(gè)層次的信息和格式：一個(gè)能表明隱患是什么的象形圖一個(gè)表明隱患級(jí)別的信號(hào)文字(危險(xiǎn)、警告、注意)一段描述隱患、潛在的危險(xiǎn)后果以及避免危險(xiǎn)的防范措施的文字。The definitions of the signal words are summarized below:CAUTION:The h

20、azard may result in minor or moderate injury.WARNING:A pote ntially hazardous situation which, if n ot avoided, couldresult in death or serious in jury.DANGER: An imminent hazard which, if not avoided, will result in deathor serious in jury.以下總結(jié)了信號(hào)文字的定義：注意：隱患可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致較小的或中等的傷害。警告：如果不預(yù)防，可能會(huì)岀現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致死亡或嚴(yán)重傷害的危險(xiǎn)

21、情況。危險(xiǎn)：如果不預(yù)防，肯定回導(dǎo)致死亡或嚴(yán)重傷害的隱患。As an example, the format for an electrical hazard warning label would be the following:Pictogram:Picture of electrical symbolSig nal WordWarni ngText:Hazardous VoltageCon tact May Cause Electric Shock or Bur nTur n off and lock out system before servic ing例如，一個(gè)電能隱患的危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)

22、志應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：象形圖：電力標(biāo)志的圖形信號(hào)文字：警告文字：危險(xiǎn)高壓直接接觸或?qū)е码姄艋蜃苽S護(hù)前應(yīng)關(guān)閉并鎖閉系統(tǒng)Hazardous warning labels format:危害警告標(biāo)志格式：信號(hào)文字Signal words文本象形圖TextPictogramSize尺寸：Large 大250mm*392mmMedium 中200mm*313mmSmall 小150mm*235mmExamples of Warni ng Labels危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志范例For example:例如：易燃化學(xué)品存儲(chǔ)區(qū)域禁止煙火Flammable chemical storage areaNo bur ningW

23、ARNING咼壓危險(xiǎn)有觸電和起火危險(xiǎn)操作前關(guān)閉并鎖定系統(tǒng)電源Hazardous voltageRisk of electric shock or bur nA小心 » CAUTION移動(dòng)部件會(huì)造成壓傷和割傷 與手保持距離禁止移開防護(hù)罩進(jìn)行操作Moving parts can crush and cutKeep hands clearSignal words信號(hào)文字DANG屈TICEPictogram象形圖Fire Protecti on消防類滅火器消防水帶消防手動(dòng)啟動(dòng)器IM發(fā)聲警報(bào)器Fire ext in guisherFire hoseManual activati ng devi

24、ce Firealarm滅火設(shè)備消防梯擊碎板面Fire-fighting equipment Fire ladderBreak to obta in accessProhibiti on禁止類禁止用水滅火禁止吸煙禁止煙火禁止帶火種No watering to put out the fire No smoking Nobur ningNo matches(fi)禁止放易燃物禁止飲用禁止阻塞禁止鎖閉No obstruct ingNo lock ingNo flammable materials Nodrinking禁止戴手套禁止穿化纖服禁止啟動(dòng)禁止合閘No starti ngNoNo putt ing on gloves No putt ing on switchi ng onchemical fibre cloth ings禁止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)禁止觸摸禁止攀登禁止停留No turningNo touch ingNo climbi ngNo stopp ing禁止通行禁止鏟車通行禁止入內(nèi)禁止使用移動(dòng)電話No thoroughfareNo forkliftNo en tryNo mobilephone禁止靠近禁止鳴笛禁止乘人禁止拍照No n eari ngNo ridi ngNo tak ing picturesNotrump ingWarning警告類A A A當(dāng)心觸電當(dāng)心燙傷當(dāng)心凍傷