成人英語三級考試重點語法串講-動詞的時態(tài)

1、 成人英語三級考試重點語法串講-動詞的時態(tài)第一節(jié)動詞的時態(tài)考試重點:一般現(xiàn)在時(if 從句和as soon as 從句;進行時表將來;現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別;完成時瞬間動詞以及have (hasbeen, have(has gone的區(qū)別;過去完成時的時間狀語;將來完成時。一、一般現(xiàn)在式:1、表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài):常和always, usually, often ,sometimes, every day, every week的等時間狀語連用。例:He goes to work every day. 他每天去上班。2、表示普遍的真理。由于是眾所周知的客觀事實,所以一般不用

2、時間狀語。例:The earth is round. 地球是圓的。3、有些表示心理狀態(tài)或感情的動詞往往用一般現(xiàn)在時。例:I dont think you are right.我以為你錯了。4、在時間、條件狀語從句中表示將來的動作:常用的連詞有as soon as,when,till,if。(1They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _their exams.A. have finishedB. finishC. finishedD. was finishing(答案:B(1996年22題(2When the mixture _

3、, it will give off a powerful force.A. will heatB. will be heatedC. is heatedD. has heated(答案:C(1992年59題二、一般過去時:1、表示過去的動作或狀態(tài):常和過去時間狀語連用。just now, last year, when I was 8years old等。例:You've already missed too many classes this term .You _ two classes just last week.A. missedB. would missC. had mi

4、ssedD. have missed(答案:A。有具體的時間狀語要用過去時。(1995年59題2、used to do sth:過去常常做例:I used to take a walk in the morning.我過去是在早晨散步。(意味著現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了。3、it is high time(that句型中,謂語動詞用過去時。例:Dont you think it is time you _ smoking? A. give upB. gave upC. would give upD. should give up(答案:B(1999年31題三、一般將來時1、will(shall+原形動

5、詞:表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例:He will come and help you. 他會來幫助你的。2、be going to +動詞原形:表示馬上就要發(fā)生的事情或打算好要做的事。例:Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去聽這個演講嗎?3、be to +動詞原形:表示安排或計劃好了的動作。例:The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.三環(huán)路將在國慶節(jié)前通車。4、be about to +動詞原形:表示即將發(fā)生的動作。5、例:The lecture is about

6、 to begin.講座即將開始。6、某些表示開始、終結(jié)、往來行動的動詞如:go ,come, start, arrive,leave 等的現(xiàn)在進行時可表示將來。(1We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我們明天動身去北京。(2The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight. 外賓今晚到達濟南。四、過去將來時表示在過去預(yù)計將要發(fā)生的動作,常用于賓語從句。例:He wanted to know when the conference would start.他想知道會議何時開始。五、現(xiàn)在進行時1、表示此時此刻(

7、說話時正在進行的動作。例:The teacher is talking with his students.這位老師正在同他的學(xué)生交談。2、表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作,但此刻并不一定在進行。例:I am attending a conference in Beijing.我正在北京參加一個會議。六、過去進行時1、表示在過去某一段時間正在進行的動作。常需用表示過去的時間狀語或通過上下文來判斷時間。例:He was doing his homework from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七點到九點他正在做作業(yè)。2、when 和while 的用法(1I fell an

8、d hurt myself while I _tennis.A. was playingB. am playingC. playD. played(答案:A。連接詞when 表示時間上的點,其所引導(dǎo)的句子用過去時,while 表示持續(xù)的一段時間,其所引導(dǎo)的句子用過去進行時。(1998年43題 (2When you _ this over with her, you should not see her any more.A. talkB. talkedC. will talkD. talking(答案為B(1999年35題(3One of the guards _ when the gener

9、al came in, which made him very angry.A. has sleptB. were sleeping C, slept D. was sleeping(答案為D(1996年23題3、過去進行時表示過去將來的動作?，F(xiàn)在進行時可以表示將來的動作,同樣,過去進行時也可以表示從過去某時間看將來要發(fā)生的動作。例:He went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning.他去看小李。他第二天一早就要離開此地了。七、現(xiàn)在完成時1、表示動作剛剛結(jié)束(常和just, now, already, yet等詞連用;或表

10、示動作的結(jié)果(一般不用時間狀語。(1Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明剛剛把燈關(guān)上。(說明現(xiàn)在燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了(2I have lost my pen. 我把筆丟了。(說明過去某時丟的,現(xiàn)在我還沒有找到這支筆。2、表示過去某時開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且可能會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去(常用since引導(dǎo)的短語或從句,或由for 引導(dǎo)的短語連用。(1He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在這兒已經(jīng)三十年了。(現(xiàn)在還住在這兒(2Theyve known each other since childhood. 他們從小彼此相識。(現(xiàn)在還

11、繼續(xù)來往3、非延續(xù)性動詞的完成時和it is +時間+since.(過去時英語中有些動詞不能延續(xù),因此不能和表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用。(1He has _ the army for ten years and is now an officer.A. gone intoB. joined inC. been inD. come into(答案:C。用現(xiàn)在完成時表示“繼續(xù)”的概念時,只能用含有持續(xù)意義的動詞,不可用瞬間性動詞。(1995年49題(2It is 3 years since I left Shanghai .我離開上海已經(jīng)三年了。(如果是非延續(xù)動詞,這時常用it is +時間+sinc

12、e 的句型代替,從句用過去時態(tài)。4、have(hasbeen to 和have (hasgone to 的區(qū)別have(has been to:去過某地(表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷,可以和once,twice,often,never,ever 連用。have(hasgone to:去某地了(表示某人已經(jīng)離開此地,在去某地的路途上或已在某地,所以一般來說此句型只用于第三人稱,此句型不能與上述時間狀語連用。(1He has gone to America.(意思為他已經(jīng)去了美國,現(xiàn)在不在此地(2He has been to America twice. 他去過美國兩次。八、過去完成時1、表示在過去的某一時

13、間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作(即過去的過去。這個過去的某一時間可用by, before等介詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的短語或一個從句來表示。例:About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the Chinese _ paper.A. inventedB. had invented C. have inventedD. had been invented(答案:B(1997年35題2、表示從過去某一時間開始,一直持續(xù)到另一個過去的時間的動作。例:The chemistry class _ for five minutes when w

14、e hurried there.A. had been onB. was onC. has been onD. would be on(答案:A(1995年24題3、在含有before, after, as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,由于連詞本身可以明確表示動作發(fā)生的先后順序,因此,主句和從句都可以用一般過去時表示,而不用過去完成時。例:I called him as soon as I arrived.我剛一到就給他打電話。4、過去完成時常用在no sooner than, hardly/scarcely/barelywhen,一就。句型之中,句子到裝。(1No soo

15、ner had we sat down _ we found it was time to go.A. thanB. whenC. asD. while(答案為A(1997年50題(2Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.他剛打開門,蠟燭就被一陣風吹滅了。九、將來完成時:表示在將來某一時間以前完成的動作。1、By the time John gets home, his aunt _.A. will haveB. leavesC. will have leftD. is leaving(答案:C(1995年25題2、I _ writing the article by the time you get back.A. shall finishB. must have finishedC. have finis