管理信息系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃ppt課件

1、How to Program a MIS管理信息系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃nPart one: the concept of program activities and its features.nPart two: the procedures and the contents of the MIS strategy programming nPart three: the common methods of strategy program activities.nPart four: How to write a program report Part one: the concept of prog

2、ram activities and its features.管理信息系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃的概念及意義 MIS programming is to make overall arrangements on short-term ,mid-term and long-term mission and goal, its implementation strategy, its implementation program according to the general development strategy and the resource status of the organization. 管理

3、信息系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃就是根據(jù)組織的總體發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和資源狀況，對組織信息系統(tǒng)近、中、長期的使命和目標、實現(xiàn)策略和方法、實施方案等內(nèi)容作出的統(tǒng)籌安排。An organizations program activities of a MIS can be divided into two parts, strategic programming part and execution programming part. Strategic programming is macro guidance long-term programming, execution programming is the embod

4、iment of the strategic plan and refined. 一個組織的信息系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃可以分為戰(zhàn)略性規(guī)劃和執(zhí)行性規(guī)劃兩部分。戰(zhàn)略性規(guī)劃是宏觀指導(dǎo)性的長遠規(guī)劃，執(zhí)行性規(guī)劃是對戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的具體化和細化。管理信息系統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的意義 (1) rational utilization of information resources, saving MIS investment.合理利用信息資源，節(jié)省MIS投資； (2) making the MISs task clear.明確MIS的任務(wù)； (3) to provide the basis for future estimation.

5、為將來的評估工作提供依據(jù)。The importance of strategic planning of MIS管理信息系統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的重要性MIS strategic planning is about the management information system of long-term development plan, generally includes three years or more plan, also contains a year of short-term plans. Because of the MIS construction is a costly, l

6、asted very long, the technology is complex and internal and external crossover project, and has become the lifeline of enterprise information, information system and enterprise operation, cultural habits are closely related. Therefore, MIS strategic planning is an important part of the enterprises s

7、trategic planning.管理信息系統(tǒng)的戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃是關(guān)于管理信息系統(tǒng)的長遠發(fā)展的計劃，一般包括三年或更長期的計劃，也包含一年的短期計劃。由于管理信息系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)是一項耗資巨大、歷時很長、技術(shù)復(fù)雜且又內(nèi)外交叉的工程，信息已成為企業(yè)的生命線，信息系統(tǒng)和企業(yè)的運營方式、文化習(xí)慣息息相關(guān)。因而，MIS戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃是企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的一個重要部分。 Part two: Contents and procedures of MIS strategy programming 1.Contents內(nèi)容 (1) MISs goal, constraints, and overall structure;MIS的目

8、標、約束及總體結(jié)構(gòu)； (2) Survey the present situation of the organization;調(diào)查組織的現(xiàn)狀； (3) According the situation of business processes, analysis its existence question, and reorganization the process;根據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)流程現(xiàn)狀分析其存在的問題，流程重組； (4) Forecasts the IT developments influence to the programming activities.對影響規(guī)劃的IT發(fā)展的預(yù)測。2

9、.General steps of formulate the strategy programming制定戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃一般步驟Strategic programming generally includes the following nine steps 制定戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃一般包括以下九個步驟： Confirm the nature of programming確定規(guī)劃的性質(zhì) ； Collect the related information 收集相關(guān)信息 ； Strategic analysis戰(zhàn)略分析 ； Define constraints定義約束條件 ； Making strategic g

10、oals clear明確戰(zhàn)略目標 ； Proposed overall structure提出總體結(jié)構(gòu) ； Choose the development plan選擇開發(fā)方案 ； Determine implementation schedule確定實施進度 ； Discuss the document, approval and then come into effect形成文檔，并討論、批準、生效。 Part three: the common methods of MIS program activities.管理信息系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃的常用方法MIS programming methods ha

11、ve two parts, general methods and MIS strategic program methods. General methods include investigate and survey, questionnaire, practice of inspection, etc. There are many methods of formulate MIS strategic program, mainly has the Business System Planning (BSP) , Critical Success Factor method (CSF)

12、 and Strategic Set Transformation (SST), etc.MIS規(guī)劃方法分為一般方法和MIS戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃方法。一般方法包括企業(yè)調(diào)研，問卷調(diào)查，實踐考察等方式；MIS戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的方法有多種，主要有關(guān)鍵成功因素法Critical Success Factors, CSF）、戰(zhàn)略目標集轉(zhuǎn)化法Strategy Set Transformation，SST和企業(yè)系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃法Business System Planning, BSP等三種.1、Basic thought 基本思想基本思想 Information support enterprise operation. Throu

13、gh the top to bottom to identify system target, enterprise procedures and data, then analysis the data, design management information system from bottom to top. The management information system to support the realization of enterprise goal, express all levels of management requirements, provides in

14、formation consistent for the organization and adapt to the changes. 信息支持企業(yè)運行。通過自上而下地識別系統(tǒng)目標、企業(yè)過程和數(shù)信息支持企業(yè)運行。通過自上而下地識別系統(tǒng)目標、企業(yè)過程和數(shù)據(jù)，然后對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析，自下上地設(shè)計管理信息系統(tǒng)。該管理信息系據(jù)，然后對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析，自下上地設(shè)計管理信息系統(tǒng)。該管理信息系統(tǒng)支持企業(yè)目標的實現(xiàn)，表達所有管理層次的要求，向企業(yè)提供一致性統(tǒng)支持企業(yè)目標的實現(xiàn)，表達所有管理層次的要求，向企業(yè)提供一致性信息，對組織機構(gòu)的變動具有適應(yīng)性。信息，對組織機構(gòu)的變動具有適應(yīng)性。 方法一：信息系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃方法方法一

15、：信息系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃方法 - 企業(yè)系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃法企業(yè)系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃法 (BSP Business System Planning)3、General steps一般步驟一般步驟 （1） Preparation研究開始階段。成立規(guī)劃組，進行系統(tǒng)初步研究開始階段。成立規(guī)劃組，進行系統(tǒng)初步調(diào)查，分析企業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀、了解企業(yè)有關(guān)決策過程、組織職能和調(diào)查，分析企業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀、了解企業(yè)有關(guān)決策過程、組織職能和部門的主要活動、存在的主要問題、部門的主要活動、存在的主要問題、 各類人員對信息系統(tǒng)的各類人員對信息系統(tǒng)的看法?？捶ā?（2） Identify business process：define business proces

16、s is the core of BSP method. The business process is logic related set of decisions or activities.定義業(yè)務(wù)過程：定義業(yè)務(wù)過程是定義業(yè)務(wù)過程：定義業(yè)務(wù)過程是BSP方法的核心。方法的核心。 所謂業(yè)務(wù)所謂業(yè)務(wù)過程就是邏輯相關(guān)的一組決策或活動的集合。過程就是邏輯相關(guān)的一組決策或活動的集合。（3） Business process reengineering：Business process reengineering is on the basic of the definition of the bus

17、iness process, find out which process is correct, which processes is inefficient, needed optimized in the support of information technology.業(yè)務(wù)過程重組：業(yè)務(wù)過程重組：在業(yè)務(wù)過程定義的基礎(chǔ)上，分析哪些過程是正確的；哪些過程在業(yè)務(wù)過程定義的基礎(chǔ)上，分析哪些過程是正確的；哪些過程是低效的，需要在信息技術(shù)支持下進行優(yōu)化處理；哪些過程不是低效的，需要在信息技術(shù)支持下進行優(yōu)化處理；哪些過程不適合計算機信息處理，應(yīng)當(dāng)取消。適合計算機信息處理，應(yīng)當(dāng)取消。（4Define

18、 data types確定數(shù)據(jù)類。 定義數(shù)據(jù)類是BSP方法的另一個核心。所謂數(shù)據(jù)類就是指支持業(yè)務(wù)過程所必須的邏輯上相關(guān)的一組數(shù)據(jù)。（5Design management information system overall structure: design management information system overall structure main work is can use U/C matrix to dividing subsystems and portray the new information system framework and the correspond

19、ing data classes.設(shè)計管理信息系統(tǒng)總體結(jié)構(gòu)：設(shè)計管理信息系統(tǒng)總體結(jié)構(gòu)主要工作就是可以利用U/C矩陣來劃分子系統(tǒng)，刻畫出新的信息系統(tǒng)的框架和相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)類。（6） Determine subsystem Implementation order. 確定子系統(tǒng)實施順序。（7） Complete BSP research report, put forward proposals and development plan.完成BSP研究報告，提出建議書和開發(fā)計劃。4. Subsystem division子系統(tǒng)的劃分BSP method is According to informat

20、ion used and create to dividing subsystems, it try to divide the enterprise process create information and use in a subsystem, and a reduction in the information exchange. The procedure is as follows: BSP方法是根據(jù)信息的產(chǎn)生和使用來劃分子系統(tǒng)的， 它盡量把信息產(chǎn)生的企業(yè)過程和使用的企業(yè)過程劃分在一個子系統(tǒng)中，從而減少了子系統(tǒng)之間的信息交換。劃分子系統(tǒng)的步驟如下：（1Make U/C matri

21、x. Using defined functions and data class to make a form of function and data, i.e. U/C matrix, as shown in the table. Rows of the Matrix respect data, and columns represent function, and use letter U (use) and C (create) mean the functions use and create data. The intersection superscript C means t

22、he data generated by the corresponding function. Marking U means the function using this data class. For example, sales function need to use relevant products, customers and ordering of data, then the corresponding sales line intersection marked U; And data of sales region create in sales functions,

23、 then corresponding intersection superscript C. 作U/C矩陣。利用定義好的功能和數(shù)據(jù)類作一張功能數(shù)據(jù)類表格，即U/C矩陣，如表所示。矩陣中的行表示數(shù)據(jù)類，列表示功能，并用字母Uuse和C (create)表示功能對數(shù)據(jù)類的使用和產(chǎn)生， 交叉點上標C的表示這個數(shù)據(jù)類由相應(yīng)的功能產(chǎn)生，標U的表示這個功能使用這個數(shù)據(jù)類。例如，銷售功能需要使用有關(guān)產(chǎn)品、客戶和訂貨方面的數(shù)據(jù)，則在這些數(shù)據(jù)下面的銷售一行對應(yīng)交點標上U； 而銷售區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生于銷售功能，則在對應(yīng)交叉點上標C。 function Data classOperation planFinancial

24、 plan Asset sizeProduct forecasts production process Inventory controlSales managementDispatch Operations sequenceMaterial Requirement Production Capacity PlanningProduct design & developmentcost accountingEmploying planMarket analysisFinancial accountingShipment Ordering serviceFinancial planPl

25、an Production Inventory costMaterials listPart requirementTask formMaterial stockStaff Cost Order goodsSales region Client Technological processMaterials supplyCUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUCCCCCUUUUUUUUUUUUUUCCCCCCUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUEquipment loadUUUUUUUUCUUUUUCAchievement evaluation(2) Adjustment function/data c

26、lass matrix. At beginning class and process data is in random arrangement, U, C in the matrix arrangement is dispersive, will have to be adjusted.調(diào)整功能/數(shù)據(jù)類矩陣。開始時數(shù)據(jù)類和過程是隨機排列的，U、C在矩陣中排列也是分散的，必須加以調(diào)整。First, according to a list of function arrangement, each functional groups arrange according to the resou

27、rces in the life cycle of four stages. Functional groups with the same types of function, such as “business plan” “financial planning” belong to plan group, divided to groups “operating plan”.首先，功能這一列按功能組排列，每一功能組中按資源生命周期的四個階段排列。功能組指同類型的功能，如“經(jīng)營計劃”、“財務(wù)計劃屬計劃類型，歸入“經(jīng)營計劃功能組。Secondly, in data arrange this

28、line, making the matrix C closest to the main diagonal line. Because the function group is not absolute, may be appropriately allocate function group without the destruction logic function, make U also close to main diagonal line. After the function of above of the matrix/figures adjusting, can get

29、the function/data class matrix displayed table below.其次，排列“數(shù)據(jù)類這一行，使得矩陣中C最靠近主對角線。因為功能的分組并不絕對，在不破壞功能組成的邏輯性基礎(chǔ)上，可以適當(dāng)調(diào)配功能分組，使U也盡可能靠近主對角線。上表的功能/數(shù)據(jù)類矩陣經(jīng)上述調(diào)整后，得到下表表示的功能數(shù)據(jù)類矩陣。（3Draw functional groups corresponding box, and give a name, this is subsystem, see table below. 畫出功能組對應(yīng)的方框，并起個名字，這就是子系統(tǒng)，見表所示。 （4Use ar

30、rows put down in the box with the U connected, stand for the data flow of between subsystem. For example, data class “plan” create by the operation subsystem, and technical preparation subsystem may use this data class.用箭頭把落在框外的U與子系統(tǒng)聯(lián)系起來， 表示子系統(tǒng)之間的數(shù)據(jù)流。例如，數(shù)據(jù)類“方案”，由經(jīng)營子計劃系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生，而技術(shù)準備子系統(tǒng)要用到這一數(shù)據(jù)類。 Function

31、Business planProductionmanufacturingData classC U UTechnical preparationMarketingFinance and accountingPersonnel U U U U CU U U UC C U UU U C UC C U UU C UC U U U U U CU U C U C U U U C U U U C U U U U C C U U U U Operation planFinancial plan Asset sizeProduct forecasts production process Inventory

32、controlSales region managementDispatch Operations sequenceMaterial Requirement Production Capacity PlanningProduct design & developmentCost accountingEmploying planMarket analysisFinancial accountingShipment Ordering serviceAchievement evaluationFinancial planPlan Production Inventory costMateri

33、als listPart requirementTask formMaterial stockStaff Cost Order goodsSales region Client Technological processMaterials supplyEquipment load方法二：關(guān)鍵成功因素法( Critical Success Factors，CSF)1、Concept概念概念Critical success factors is the important factors related to the survival of organization and success of

34、organization, they are the decision information the organize need most, and those are the areas of activity managers focus on.所謂的關(guān)鍵成功因素，所謂的關(guān)鍵成功因素，就是關(guān)系到組織的生存與組織成功與否的重要因素，它們是組織最需要就是關(guān)系到組織的生存與組織成功與否的重要因素，它們是組織最需要得到的決策信息，是管理者重點關(guān)注的活動區(qū)域。得到的決策信息，是管理者重點關(guān)注的活動區(qū)域。方法三：戰(zhàn)略目標集轉(zhuǎn)移法( Strategy Set Transformation, SST)1

35、、Basic thought基本思想基本思想 The whole strategic objectives as a information collections by mission, goals, and strategic etc, the management information system programming process that is the organizations strategic objectives into the strategic target of management information system in the process.把整個戰(zhàn)

36、略目標看成是一個把整個戰(zhàn)略目標看成是一個“信息集合信息集合”，由使命、目的、戰(zhàn)略等組成，由使命、目的、戰(zhàn)略等組成，管理信息系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃過程即是把組織的戰(zhàn)略目標轉(zhuǎn)變成為管理信息系統(tǒng)的管理信息系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃過程即是把組織的戰(zhàn)略目標轉(zhuǎn)變成為管理信息系統(tǒng)的戰(zhàn)略目標的過程。戰(zhàn)略目標的過程。2、CSF General steps一般步驟一般步驟CSF through analysis to discover enterprises critical success factors, and then to determine the system demand around these key factors,

37、 and planned. The procedure is as follows: CSF是通過分析找出企業(yè)成功是通過分析找出企業(yè)成功的關(guān)鍵因素，的關(guān)鍵因素， 然后再圍繞這些關(guān)鍵因素來確定系統(tǒng)的需求，并進行規(guī)劃。其然后再圍繞這些關(guān)鍵因素來確定系統(tǒng)的需求，并進行規(guī)劃。其步驟如下：步驟如下：(1) understand of enterprises or MISs strategic objectives.了解企業(yè)了解企業(yè)或者或者MIS的戰(zhàn)略目標的戰(zhàn)略目標(2) to identify all successful factors.識別所有成功因素識別所有成功因素(3) to determine

38、 the critical success factors.確定關(guān)鍵成功因素確定關(guān)鍵成功因素(4) Clear the key factors of the performance index and evaluation. 明確各關(guān)鍵因素的性能指標和評估標準明確各關(guān)鍵因素的性能指標和評估標準2、SST planning steps規(guī)劃步驟規(guī)劃步驟 (1)Identify the organizations strategic sets.識別組織的戰(zhàn)略識別組織的戰(zhàn)略集。集。 (2)Describe organized all kinds of entity structure.描繪組織描繪組織

39、各類實體結(jié)構(gòu)。各類實體結(jié)構(gòu)。 (3)Identify Each entitys target.識別每類實體的目標。識別每類實體的目標。 (4)Identify the mission of each entity and its strategy.識別識別每類實體的使命及其戰(zhàn)略。每類實體的使命及其戰(zhàn)略。 Part four: program report規(guī)劃報告The process of programming report規(guī)劃報告的撰寫過程明確項目用途Clear project uses專業(yè)機構(gòu)進行調(diào)查和設(shè)計professional organization to survey and d

40、esign交初稿Hand in the draft雙方溝通進行修改Communication and modified與專業(yè)機構(gòu)溝通Communicate with professional organization雙方簽訂合同Sign the contract專家評審Expert evaluation上報領(lǐng)導(dǎo)審批Report to leaders approvalProgramming report general frameworkProgramming report general framework規(guī)劃報告規(guī)劃報告一般框架一般框架 1 project general1 project

41、general項目總論項目總論 2 project background and development 2 project background and development situationsituation項目背景和發(fā)展概況項目背景和發(fā)展概況 3 market analysis and construction 3 market analysis and construction conditionsconditions市場分析與建設(shè)條件市場分析與建設(shè)條件4 project technology solutions4 project technology solutions項目技術(shù)方

42、案項目技術(shù)方案 5 project progress5 project progress項目實施進度項目實施進度6 the investment estimate and risk avoidance 6 the investment estimate and risk avoidance 投資估算與風(fēng)險規(guī)避投資估算與風(fēng)險規(guī)避7 fund raising and financial analysis7 fund raising and financial analysis資金籌資金籌措與財務(wù)分析措與財務(wù)分析 8 feasibility study conclusion and 8 feasib

43、ility study conclusion and suggestionsuggestion可行性研究結(jié)論與建議可行性研究結(jié)論與建議function Data classOperation planFinancial plan Product forecasts production process Inventory controlSales managementDispatch Operations sequenceMaterial Requirement Production Capacity PlanningProduct design & developmentCost a

44、ccountingEmploying planSales Accounting Shipment Ordering serviceFinancialPlan Production Inventory stockMaterials listPart requirementTask formMaterial stockStaff Cost Order goodsSales region Client Technological processMaterials supplyCUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUCCCCCUUUUUUUUUUCCCCCCUUUUUUUUUCUUUUEquipment l

45、oadUUUUUCUCAchievement evaluationFunction Business planProductionmanufacturingData classC U UTechnical preparationMarketingFinance and accountingPersonnel U U U U CU U U UC C U UU U C UC C U UU C UC U U U U U CU U C U C U U U C U U U C U U U U C C U U U U Operation planFinancial plan Asset sizeProduct forecasts production process Inventory controlSales region managementDispatch Operations sequenceMaterial Requir