最新高考英語人物傳記類閱讀理解

1、精品文檔精品文檔話題五：人物傳記類(一)Arthur Miller (19152005) is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the20th century. Millers father had moved to the USA from Austria-Hungary, drawn like so manyothers by the “ GreatAmerican Dream” . However, he experienced severe financial hardshipwhen his fa

2、mily business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.Millers most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the Americansystem, with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social statusas indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of th

3、e play, we see a man who has got intotrouble with this system. Willy is“ burnt outthe cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he cant do the work, then he is nogood to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, andat a loss as to what to do

4、 with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failedand kills himself in the end.When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, and it wonthe Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prizefor Drama. It

5、 was the first play to win all three of these major awards.Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut, on the evening of February10, 2005, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesmanon Broadway.1Why did Arthur Millers father move to the USA?A. He suffer

6、ed from severe hunger in his home country.B. He was attracted by the“ Great American Dream. ”C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.D. His family business failed2The play Death of a Salesman_ .A. exposes the cruelty of the American business worldB. discusses the ways to get promoted in a companyC.

7、talks about the business career of Arthur MillerD. focuses on the skills in doing business3What can we learn about Willy Loman?A. He treats his employer badly.B. He runs the Wagner Company.C. He is a victim of the American system.D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.4After it was first stag

8、ed, Death of a Salesman_.A. achieved huge successB. won the first Tony AwardC. was warmly welcomed by salesmenD. was severely attacked by dramatists5What is the text mainly about?A. Arthur Miller and his family.B. The awards Arthur Miller won.C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced.D. Arthur Mille

9、r and his best- known play.答案與解析1B 細節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)第一段第二句“ Millers father had moved to the USA fromAustria-Hungary, drawn like so many others by the Great American Dream”可知，他父親移居美國像其他許多人一樣是受當年偉大的美國夢吸 引。an精品文檔精品文檔2. A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，這部戲劇對美國制度是一個抨擊，它表現(xiàn)了咄咄逼人的做生意的方式以及堅信金錢和社會地位才是財富的象征。主人公 Willy 陷入困境，然而生意場上殘酷無情：如

10、果他做不了，那么對老板而言， 他就一無是處，他必須離開。故此部戲劇揭露了美國職場的殘酷。3.C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句 “ Willy is pa in fully aware of this, and at a loss asto what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and killshimself in the end.可知主人公面対失敗無所適從，無法面對現(xiàn)實，從而走向毀滅，成了美國資本主義制度下美國夢的犧牲者。故選C 項。4. A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第

11、三段可知，這部戲劇自 1949 第一次搬上銀幕就獲 得了 “托尼戲劇音樂獎”、“紐約戲劇評論獎”、“普利策戲劇獎”三項大獎，獲得極大的成功。因此 A 項正確。5.D 主旨大意題?？v觀全文不難看出本文主要介紹 Arthur Miller 以及他 的戲劇 Death of aSalesman推銷員之死。其他選項都不全面，只是文中敘述的 一部分。故 D 項正確。（二）Jacqueli ne Bouvier Kenn edy On assis was one of the most private wome n in the world,yet when she went to work as an

12、editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed 展現(xiàn)）herself as she did no where else.After the death of her sec ond husba nd, Greek shipp ing magn ate 巨頭）Aristotle Onassis,Jacquelines close friend and former White House social secretary Letitia Baldrige made asuggestion that she consider a c

13、areer 職業(yè)）in publishing.After con sideratio n, Jacqueli neaccepted it.Perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life.Shebecame not less but more in terested in read in g.For the last 20 years of her life, Jacquelineworked as a publishers editor first at Viking, the n at Dou

14、bleday, pursu ing （追求）a late-lifecareer Ion ger tha n her two marriages comb in ed. During her time in publish ing, she was respon sible for man agi ng and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books. Among the firstbooks were In the Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes.She also succeeded

15、 in persuadingTV hosts Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell to transform their popular television conversationsinto a book, The Power of Myth.The book went on to become an intern atio nal best-seller.Shedealt, too, with Michael Jacks on as he prepared his autobiography （自傳），Moon walk.Jacqueli ne may have

16、 bee n hired for her n ame and for her social relati ons, but she soonproved her worth.Her choices, suggesti ons and widespread social relati ons were of ben efitboth to the publish ing firms and to Jacqueli ne herself .In the books she selected for publication,she built on a lifetime of spending ti

17、me by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of hermind.Her books are the autobiography she never wrote.Her_role_as_First_Lady,亠in _the_end,_was_overshadowed_by_her_performa nc e_as_an_editor.However, few knew that she hadachieved so much.1. We can learn from the passage that Jacqueline

18、_.A.became fond of reading after working as an editorB.was in charge of publishing 100 booksC. promoted her books through social relationsD gained a lot from her career as an editor2The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that _A Jacqueline ended up as an editor rather than as F

19、irst Lady B Jacquelines life asFirst Lady was more colorful than as an editor C Jacqueline was more successful asan editor than as First Lady D Jacquelines role as First Lady was more brilliant than精品文檔精品文檔as an editor3What can be inferred from the passage?A Jacquelines two marriages lasted more tha

20、n 20 years. B Jacquelines ownpublishing firm was set up eventually. CJacquelines views and beliefs were reflectedin the books she edited. D Jacquelines achievements were widely known.4The passage is mainly _.A an introduction of Jacquelines life both as First Lady and as an editor B a briefdescripti

21、on of Jacquelines lifelong experiences C a brief account of Jacquelinescareer as an editor in her last 20 years D an analysis of Jacquelines social relationsin publishing 答案與解析1D 細節(jié)理解題。由短文第一段中的 “ .she went to work as an editor in the last twodecades of her life, she revealed herself as she did no wh

22、ere els（可推出她在 自己的編輯事業(yè)中獲益很大。故選 D 項。2.C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)畫線句后面的“然而，很少有人知道她取得了這 么多成就”可知，畫線句的含義是： 她作為第一夫人的角色最終在她作為編輯的 出色表現(xiàn)前黯然失色。故選 C 項。3C 推理判斷題。由最后一段倒數(shù)第三句 “Her books are the autobiography she neverwrote.即她編輯的書籍就是她從來沒有寫過的自傳。由此可知，她的觀點和信仰都反映在她所編輯的書籍中。故選 C 項。4C 主旨大意題。由短文第一段中 “.as an editor in the last two decades of

23、 her life. 以及”整篇文章的敘述可知，本文主要介紹 Jacqueline 生命中最后 20 年 的編輯生涯。故選 C 項。（三）Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile （汽車 ）. But Henry Ford did notstart to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed theworlds first automobile. Many people believe Henry Fo

24、rd invented the production line that moveda cars parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either.Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to useother peoples ideas and make them better. And he made the whole fact

25、ory a moving productionline.In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the bestway of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Fords most famous racewas his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself.The race

26、 was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, butonly two were left: the Winton and Fords. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most peoplethought the race was over before it began.The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power.

27、Fordstarted to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won精品文檔精品文檔the race and defeated the Winton. His n ame appeared in n ewspapers and he becamewell-known all over the United States.Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed anew automobile company. In 1903, a doctor in Detroi

28、t bought the first car from the compa ny.That salewas the beg inning of Henry Fords dream.Ford said: a motor car for the great mass ofpeople. It will be large eno ugh for the family, but small eno ugh for one pers on to operate andcare for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by

29、 the best men to be employed. And itwill be built with the simplest pla ns that moder n engin eeri ng can produce. It will be so low inprice that no man making good money will be un able to own one.”The Model T was a car of that kin d. It only cost $850. It was a simple machi ne that driverscould de

30、pe nd on. Doctors bought the Model T. So did farmers. Eve n crimi nals. They considered it the fastest and surest form of tran sportatio n. America ns loved the Model T. Theywrote stories and songs about it. Thousands of Model Ts were built in the first few years.1. What do we know about Henry Ford

31、from Paragraph 1 ?A. He made good use of ideas from others.B. He produced the first car in the world.C. He knew how to improve auto parts.D. He inven ted the producti on line.2. Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race?A. To show off his driv ing skills.B. To draw public atte nti on.C. To l

32、ear n about new tech no logy.D. To raise money for his new compa ny.3.“That sale ” in Paragraph 4 refers to_ .A. the selli ng of Ford cars at reduced pricesB. the sale of Model T to the mass of peopleC. the selling of a car to a Detroit doctorD. the sales target for the Ford Compa ny4. What was Henr

33、y Fords dream according to the text?A. Produc ing cars for average customers.B. Buildi ng rac ing cars of simple desig n.C. Desig ning more car models.D. Start ing more compa ni es.答案與解析1.A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“WhatHenryFord did was to use other peoples ideas and make them better 可知，”A 項符合題意。2.B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段

34、的“In the early daysof the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Fords most famous race was his first on 可知， B 項符合題意。3. C 詞義猜測題。由第四段畫線單詞前的一句 “In 1903, a doctor in Detroitbought the first car from the

35、company.以及畫線單詞所在的一句可知， C 項符合題意、。4. A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的 That sale was the beg inning of He nry Fordsdream. Ford said:“I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. makinggood money will be unable to own one.可知，A 項符合題意。（四）I will build精品文檔精品文檔Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to

36、 win the Nobel Prize, and the firstperson to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prizewinner.Born in September, 1897, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies two daughters. Along withnice other children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied

37、 in their own school,and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College ofSvigndn Paris.Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics andphysics. When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using X-r

38、ay facilities（設備 ） to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. Irene continued the work by developingX-ray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgium. Her services were recognised in theform of a Military Medal by the French government.In 1918, Irene became her mothers assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924,Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taught him the techniques required for his work.They soon fell in love and were married in 1926. Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 andtheir son Pierre five year