高二英語人教課標必修5

1、高二英語人教課標必修5 Unit1Great Scientists語言點與語法全解析1. characteristic用作名詞，意思是“特點；特征；特性”與feature意思相近。它也可用作形容詞意為“典型的；具有的特點的”。Traffic jams are a characteristic of large cities. 堵車是大城市的特點。The smell is characteristic of garlic. 這氣味是大蒜的特點。He speaks with characteristic passion. 他以特有的熱情說話。 2. put forward的意思是“提出主意、計劃（

2、offer, suggest , an idea）等”。 He often puts forward some useful advice. 他常常提出一些有用的建議。幫你歸納put的常用詞組有：put aside節(jié)省（錢、時間）；儲蓄；把放在一邊 put away儲存（錢）；放好 put back撥慢；擱置 put down放下；記下；擊敗；使（飛機）著陸； put off延期；推遲 put on上演；穿上；戴上 put out熄滅；關(guān)掉；撲滅 put through接通電話；完成 put up with忍受；忍耐 put into action/effect/practice實施；實行3.

3、 examine 的意思是“檢查；審查；診察；考察；測驗”。The doctor examined her carefully.醫(yī)生仔細地給她作了檢查。The teacher examined the students on the book they read. 老師就學生讀的書考學生。examine指的是仔細觀察以了解或發(fā)現(xiàn)什么東西，也可用于醫(yī)生檢查病人，以書面或口頭的形式考察學生的知識與能力。check指的是通過檢查以確保某事物正確、安全、滿意或處于良好狀態(tài)，核對，核實某物等。test指的是檢驗和衡量某物或某人的品質(zhì)、質(zhì)量等，測驗?zāi)橙嗽谀撤矫娴闹R或能力，還有實驗、考驗的意思。He is

4、 examining a theory. 他正在查驗一個理論。Youd better check the tires. 你最好檢查一下輪胎。They are testing the water for pollution. 他們在檢驗水污染情況。4. repeat作為動詞的意思是“重復；重做；”，相當于say/do again，故repeat不能與again連用Can you repeat this experiment? 你能否把這項試驗重做一遍？ 5. attend 的意思是“照顧(take care of, look after)；護理；出席；參加;上(學)等。She attended

5、him in hospital.她在醫(yī)院護理他。Only a few friends attended their wedding.只有幾個朋友參加他們的婚禮。He attended college in 1999.他在1999年去上大學。attend on/upon侍候；隨行 She is attending upon the patient. 他在侍候病人。attend to致力于；專心于；處理；照顧Attend to work and stop talking.專心工作，不要說話。6. ease用作動詞，意思是“減輕；消除；舒緩；放松”，表示消除某人的痛苦時用結(jié)構(gòu)“ease sb. of

6、 sth.”；也可以用作名詞，意為“舒適；自在；不拘束；容易”。These pills will ease the headache. 這些藥丸會減輕頭疼。Walking helped to ease him of his pain. 他散了散步減輕了一些痛苦。Her words gave ease to my distracted mind. 我心神不寧，她的話使我寬心。ease作名詞時的常見搭配：at ease放松；自如；不拘束 be/feel at ease感到舒適 ill at ease不自在；感到拘束 put/set sb. at ones ease使某人感到舒適、不拘束 with

7、ease容易地；無困難地7. exposed to cholera 是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾people。相當于定語從句which were exposed to cholera。expose的意思是“暴露；揭露；使曝光”，常與介詞to連用，表示“使暴露于（日光、風雨等）；受到風險；使面臨”的意思。The soil was washed away by the flood, exposing bare rock. 泥土被洪水沖走，露出光禿禿的石頭。The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain.嬰兒被棄于風雨之中。The soldiers i

8、n the open field are exposed to the enemys fire. 空地里的士兵暴露于敵人的火力之下。8. cure用作名詞，意為“治愈；痊愈；治療；療法”，也可用作動詞，意為“治療；治愈；糾正；戒除”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)“cure sb. of sth.”表示“治好某人的病；糾正某人的不良行為”。The doctor cant guarantee a cure. 醫(yī)生不能保證治愈。I hope the doctor can cure the pain in my shoulder.我希望醫(yī)生能治好我肩上的疼痛。The doctor cured her of a bad c

9、old. 醫(yī)生治好了她的重感冒。cure, treat, heal與recover的用法區(qū)別：cure意為“治療；治愈”，多用于用藥物治療并治愈某種疾病或改正不良習氣。treat為日常用語，意為“治療；醫(yī)治”，指治療病人的全過程或活動。heal意為“治愈（傷口）； 醫(yī)治”，指治好外傷或燒傷后的患部，使傷口愈合，不用于治感冒等疾病。recover意思為“痊愈, 復原”，主要是指從病中痊愈了，常與from連用。That pill cured my headache. 那藥治好了我頭疼。That will cure him of his bad habits. 那將改正他的壞習慣。There are

10、 only two doctors to treat more than 50 patients.只有兩名大夫來治療50多個病人。The wound on my arm has healed. 我胳膊上的傷已治好了。Hes now fully recovered from his bad cold. 他現(xiàn)在已從重感冒完全康復了。9. every time 在此句中相當于一個從屬連詞，引導時間狀語從句。類似用法的副詞和短語有“directly（一就）, immediately（一就）, instantly（一就）, the minute（一就）, the moment（一就）, the seco

11、nd（一就）, each (every) time（每當）, next time（下次時）, the last time（上次時）等。She went to see him directly she got the letter. 她一收到信就去他了。Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio.飯一吃完他就把收音機打開。She came to the scene the moment she heard of the accident.她一聽說發(fā)生了事故，就立刻到現(xiàn)場來了。The last time we talked he

12、said he needed another two days.上次我們談話時他說他還需要兩天。10. control 既可用作動詞，也可用作名詞，意為“控制；支配；管理”。The young teacher cannot control her class.那位年輕女教師管不住班上的學生。Control yourself; dont get angry. 你要克制自己,不要發(fā)火。He has no control over his emotions. 他控制不住自己的感情。beyond control無法控制 in control of 控制住；掌管 in sbs control/in th

13、e control of sb.受著某人的控制；在某人的掌握之下 out of control 不受控制；失去控制 under control 被控制住，情況良好 under sbs control/under the control of sb.受某人的控制 gain/have control of控制；支配 lose control of 失去控制 11. absorb的意思是“吸收；吸引；使專心；合并；吞并”“專心于某事”。Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 聰明孩子容易吸收知識。Aspirin is quickly absorbed by

14、/into the body. 阿司匹林很快被身體吸收了。The strong states often absorbed the small states in the past. 過去大國兼并小國 He is absorbed in his business. 他專心致志的處理業(yè)務(wù)。be absorbed by被吞并；為所吸收 absorb into吞并；吸到 absorb ones attention吸引某人注意 absorb ones time占用某人的時間 12. severe 用作形容詞，當它的意思為“嚴重的；嚴肅的”時，和serious相近；當它的意思為“嚴厲的；嚴格的”“對某人

15、嚴厲或嚴格”；此外它還有“劇烈的；尖銳的；樸素的”的意思。 The drought is becoming increasingly severe. 旱災(zāi)日趨嚴重。He is severe with his children. 和對子女很嚴格。You are too severe on (upon) the boy. 你對那個男孩太嚴厲了。I felt a severe pain in the chest. 我感到胸口劇烈疼痛。表示“傷勢嚴重”要用severe，不用serious； 但指“疾病嚴重”時，兩者都可與illness連接。She received severe head injuri

16、es in the accident.在事故中她的頭部受了重傷。（此句不可用serious）I was laid up for six weeks with a severe/serious illness.由于重病，我臥床六個星期。13. valuable 的意思是“貴重的；有很大價值的；有用的；有幫助的”，其名詞形式為value。I have a valuable collection of painting. 我有一批很有價值的畫。This book is valuable to /for students of English. 這本書對學英語的學生很用。valuable, value

17、less, invaluable, priceless與 worthless的用法區(qū)別：(1)valuable, priceless, invaluable這三個詞意思一樣，都表示“貴重的；無價的”的意思。priceless意思為“無價的；價值連城的”，用于加強語氣，加深程度等情況；比valuable的程度更強。invaluable的意思是“無法估價的；無價的”，不用于形容價值或金錢，而是指質(zhì)或品質(zhì)。(2)valueless, worthless這兩個詞意思一樣，表示“無價值的，無用的”的意思，worthless是個常用詞，valueless很少用。The jewel is of great

18、value, and it is priceless. 這珠寶很有價值，是無價之寶。This ancient gold coin isnt just valuable, its priceless.這枚古代金幣不僅貴重，而且價值連城。Your advice is invaluable to us. 你的建議對我們來說是非常珍貴的。The drawing is of no value, and it is worthless. 這畫沒有價值，它沒有用。It looked like gold, but in fact it was worthless (valueless). 這看起來像金子，其實

19、毫無價值。14 blame用作動詞，意為“責備；責怪；歸咎于”的意思。常用結(jié)構(gòu)為blame sb for sth./blame sth on sb (把某事歸咎于某人)，be to blame for sth(應(yīng)受責備；對某壞事應(yīng)負責任)，此句就使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)。Dont blame it on him, but on me. 別怪他，該怪我。They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan. 他們怪罪秘書造成計劃延誤。The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.那次交通事故不應(yīng)該責

20、怪司機。blame也可用作名詞，意為“責任；責怪”。常見搭配有：bear/take/accept/get the blame for sth.（對某事承擔責任），lay/put the blame for sth on sb（把某事歸咎于某人）。We should take the blame for our failure. 我們應(yīng)該承擔失敗的責任。We shouldnt lay the blame for our failure on him. 我們不應(yīng)該把失敗歸咎于他。15. handle 作名詞的意思是“把手；柄”；作動詞的意思是“（用手）搬動處理；操縱；經(jīng)營（run, manage）

21、”。I turned the handle and opened the door. 我轉(zhuǎn)動門把，打開了門。Handle the TV with care. 小心搬動電視機。This bookstore doesnt handle medical books. 這家書店不經(jīng)銷醫(yī)學類書藉。He learnt how to handle an axe. 他學會了怎樣使斧頭。16. addition用作名詞，意思是“加；增加；加法”。The children start by learning Chinese and addition. 孩子們從學漢語與加法開始。Theres no room for

22、 additions. 再添置東西就沒地方擱了。addition 的常見搭配：（1）in addition的意思是“也；另外；此外（還）”，可以用在句子開頭，可以用于句末。和besides意思相同，但besides不能用在句尾。In addition, there was a crop failure in many provinces.此外，許多省份糧食歉收。The man worked him sixteen hours a day and beat him in addition. 那人讓他每天工作16小時，而且還打他。(2)in addition to的意思是“除了外（還有）”，可用于

23、句首，也可置于句子后部，相當于 besides, apart from。In addition to giving him some advice, I gave him thirty dollars. 我向他提出忠告，又給了他30美元。He can get twenty dollars extra income every month in addition to his salary.除工資外，他每月還可得到20美元的收入。(3)to have an addition (to ones family)的意思是“生孩子，添人口”。Recently they had an addition (

24、to their family).最近，他們家新添了一個孩子。17. link 在此句中用作動詞,意為“連接；聯(lián)系”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)link to/with意思是“將和連接或聯(lián)系起來”，link up意為“連接或連接起來”；也可用作名詞，意為“環(huán)；連接；聯(lián)系；紐帶”。The highway links Shanghai to/with Beijing. 這條公路連接上海和北京。A railway links up the two towns.這兩個城鎮(zhèn)由一條鐵路連接起來。Your story links up with his. 你所說的和他所說得能聯(lián)系的起來。A lot of links fitt

25、ed together form a chain. 許多鏈環(huán)連在一起組成鏈條。Old friends are a link with the past. 老朋友是連接往事的紐帶。(1)join指的是任何事物的直接連接，連接的程度可緊可松，還能分開之意。常用結(jié)構(gòu)jointo, join up。(2)connect指的是通過某種媒介物把事物連接起來，事物的特征還保持，常表示與技術(shù)有關(guān)的連接和火車、飛機等實行聯(lián)運。常用結(jié)構(gòu)connectwith/to。(3)combine著重指兩個或兩個以上的人或事物為了共同目的而結(jié)合在一起，結(jié)合后原來部分可能仍不改變或失其本性，常用結(jié)構(gòu)combinewith。(4

26、)unite強調(diào)緊密地結(jié)成一體，含極難分開之意,常用結(jié)構(gòu)unitewith。Please join this pole to that one. 請把這根竿子和那根竿子接起來。This flight connects with New York one. 這班飛機在紐約可接上另一班機。We should combine theory with practice. 我們應(yīng)該理論聯(lián)系實際。The two big companies plan to unite. 兩家大公司計劃聯(lián)合起來。 18. announce的意思是“通告；發(fā)表； 宣布；宣告”，其名詞為announcement意為“通告；宣告；

27、通知”。The captain announced that the plane was going to land. 機長宣布飛機就要著陸了。He waited for the announcement of the result of the competition with bated breath.他屏息靜氣地等待宣布競賽結(jié)果。19. instruct意思為“命令；指示；囑咐；吩咐；教導（教授知識或技術(shù)）；訓練”。其名詞形式為instructor（教員；教練）和instruction（命令；指示；說明）。The teacher instructed him to start early

28、. 老師命令他早動身Ive been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.我得到指示在這兒等到講課老師到來。He instructs a class in history. 他教授一個班的歷史（instruct in）Read the instructions on the pocket. 看一下袋子上的說明。instruct 指向一個人或一組人傳授知識，但并不清楚他們是否學到什么。teacher是最普通的詞，可指或不指學術(shù)方面的學習；作不及物動詞時，表示教書生涯。tutor指一學生與一老師的關(guān)系，常指課外的一個教師對一個學生的

29、補習工作。educate指范圍更廣泛的學術(shù)過程，完成比teach更大的結(jié)果。train指使一個人或一組人在某一專門的技能或職業(yè)方面達到必要的水平，也可指訓練動物。coach指在普通的教育體系之外訓練或培養(yǎng)一個人或一組人，常為了通過某項專門的考試。I taught history for many years. 我教歷史好多年了。（是指學術(shù)的）Who taught you to ride a bicycle? 誰教你騎自行車的？（不是指學術(shù)的）He instructed us in English, but some of them made little progress. 他教我們英語，但我

30、們有些人幾乎沒有進步。In his spare time, he tutored me in English. 在課余時間，他教我英語。The writer was educated at a very good school. 這位作家在一所很好的學校里受過教育。It takes several years to train a doctor. 培養(yǎng)一名醫(yī)生要花好幾年時間。He coached her for the English examination. 他輔導她英語考試。20. conclude用作動詞，意為“結(jié)束；推論；推斷”，常用conclude by doing/with sth

31、. 表示“以而結(jié)束”；conclude from 表示“從推出結(jié)論”的意思，to conclude表示“最后”的意思，相當于意思名詞短語in conclusion。He concluded his speech with/by reading a poem.他朗誦一首詩結(jié)束了他的演講。What do you conclude from these facts.從這些事實中你得出什么結(jié)論？The doctor concluded that the patients disease was cancer.醫(yī)生斷定病人患的是癌癥。To conclude/in conclusion, I wish y

32、ou all good health and a long life.最后,祝大家健康長壽。draw( arrive at/come to /reach )a conclusion “得出結(jié)論”，jump to a conclusion 意為“草率地得出結(jié)論”，conclusion后可接that從句。21. contribute的意思是“捐贈；貢獻；投稿；提供”。常用短語contribute to意思是“有助于；有益于；促成”。其名詞為contribution意思是“捐獻： 貢獻： 投稿”，常用make a contribution to/towards，表示“對作貢獻”的意思。Everyon

33、e should contribute three dollars to the Red Cross. 每位工人捐了3美元給紅十字會。Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford. 人人都應(yīng)該盡自己的能力做貢獻。Ive been asked to contribute an article to the language magazine. 有人請我給那份語言雜志撰篇稿。Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health. 新鮮空氣和鍛煉有益與健康。Does smoking contrib

34、uted to lung cancer？吸煙會導致肺癌嗎？He made an outstanding contribution to science. 他對科學作出了卓越的貢獻。22. lead to的意思為“通向；導致；引起；造成”，to為介詞，后接sth.或doing.The path leads to the village. 這條小路通到那村莊。New discoveries lead to some diseases being cured.新的發(fā)現(xiàn)使一些疾病被治愈。23. make sense意為“有意義；意思清楚；有道理；明智的；合情合理的”；而make sense of意思為

35、“理解；懂；明白”。What you said made no sense. 你的話沒有道理。It makes sense to take care of your health. 注意身體健康是明智的。Can you make sense of this poem? 你看得懂這首詩嗎？bring sb to his senses不再做傻事；蘇醒 come to ones senses不再做傻事；蘇醒 in a/one sense從某種意義來說 in no/little sense一點也不；怎么說也不 the sixth sense第六感 24. complete用作形容詞意為“完整的；全面的

36、；徹底的；完成的；結(jié)束的”，常用complete with表示“齊備的；備有的”；也可用作動詞意為“使圓滿；使結(jié)束；完成；填（表格等）”。This is a complete story. 這是一個完整的故事。（用作形容詞）This year is now complete. 今年這一年到此結(jié)束。（用作形容詞）David and Jean bought a house complete with furniture. 大衛(wèi)和瓊買了一幢配有家具的房子。（用作形容詞）The work is not completed yet. 這個工作還未完成。（用作動詞）Complete your applic

37、ation in ink. 用鋼筆填寫申請書。（用作動詞） (1)finish表示“完成；完結(jié)“，但內(nèi)在含義有些不同。finish意為bring sth. to an end, stop doing sth.,指”結(jié)束做某事；做完了某事“，后接名詞或動名詞，不可接不定式。(2)complete常表示bring sth. into a whole, and what is missing or needed to form a finished whole, 指“使完整；使圓滿“，尤指文學作品的完成或工程的竣工等，后接名詞。(3)end 為普通用詞，指一種活動因達到目的而自然結(jié)束或因某一原因突然

38、中止，可指作業(yè)、演講、爭論、旅行、戰(zhàn)爭或生命等的結(jié)束、終止，并可用作及物動詞或不及物動詞。He has finished the work. 他做完了工作。He has finished writing the paper.他已寫完了論文。The new school will be completed next month.新學校下個月竣工。（不可用finish）His unexpected visit ended our discussion of the problem. 他、突然來訪中斷了我們對那個問題的討論。The party did not end until midnight.

39、晚會到半夜才結(jié)束。25. cautious作形容詞，意為“謹慎的；非常小心的；細心的”，其后常用介詞about/with/of。He was cautious when he was riding the bicycle.當他騎自行車的時候；他很小心。She was cautious of strangers. 她對陌生人很警惕。careful與cautious的用法區(qū)別：careful的意思是“小心；仔細的；謹慎的”，表示很注意細節(jié)，行為小心以避免錯誤；cautious的意思是“十分小心的；謹慎的”，意義相近，但它所表示的是所有方面都仔細考慮之后才采取行為，帶有遲疑、提防等心理。He gav

40、e the patient a careful examination. 他仔細檢查了病人的身體。He was cautious about committing himself. 他對作出承諾很謹慎。26. reject用作及物動詞，意為“拒絕；不接受；摒棄”。We rejected his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead.我們沒有采納他關(guān)于成立音樂俱樂部的想法，而是決定成立藝術(shù)俱樂部。It is hard for me to reject some bad habits. 我很難丟掉一些壞習慣。

41、(1)reject表示拒不接受不適當、不滿足或厭惡的東西，如建議、計劃、贈物、求婚、正義、忠告等，語氣最強，有時還含有“拋棄；剔除”等意思。只可接名詞，主語只能是人。(2)refuse是普通用語，指堅決、果斷甚至是粗暴的對別人的要求、請求、引誘或幫助加以拒絕，后接名詞、代詞或不定式，主語可以是人或物。(3)decline常指婉轉(zhuǎn)的拒絕，近似漢語的謝絕，多用于對他人的邀請或提供的幫助。在與不定式連用時相當于一般的“拒絕”，可與refuse通用。He rejected their invitation point-blank.他直截了當?shù)鼐芙^了他們 的邀請。She refused his offer. 她拒絕了他的提議。The big clock refused to welcome the New Year.這只大鐘不愿迎接新年。We asked him to come to our party, but he declined (the invitation). 我們請他來赴宴，但他謝絕了。He declined to answer the question.他拒絕回答那個問題。（可用refuse）Be against be for 語法解析：He fac