初中英語被動語態(tài)精講 (1)

1、動詞語態(tài)英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞的形式表現(xiàn)出來的,用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系,英語的動詞有兩種語態(tài)形式,即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的對象,謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)。如:They speak English.他們講英語。主語“他們”是“講”這一行為的執(zhí)行者,是主動句,動詞用主動語態(tài)來表示;English is spoken by them.英語由他們講。主語“英語”是“講”的承受者,是被動句,動詞用被動語態(tài)的形式。He opened the door.他打開了這扇門。(主動語態(tài)The door was opened.這扇門被打開了。(被動語態(tài)一、

2、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成1、助動詞be(is/are/was/were+(及物動詞的過去分詞2、is spoken/ was opened二、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)1、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟:(1將主動句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z:注意:如果主動句的賓語是代詞,需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛Ｈ?Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom.They played basketball. 主動結(jié)構(gòu)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語,組成介詞短語,放在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語動詞之后。在動作的執(zhí)行者無須說明或不必要強調(diào)時,by短語可以省略。The door was opened.注意:主動語態(tài)、被動語態(tài)兩種時態(tài)要保持一

3、致。(2將動詞改為"be+過去分詞"。They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday.He sang a song. 2、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的注意事項:含有雙賓語,即直接賓語(常指事物和間接賓語(常指人的句子,每個賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語,即其被動語態(tài)有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語作主語。Jack told us the truth.杰克告訴了我們真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to us by Jack.三、各

4、種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時:am/is/are +過去分詞We are taught English by her.由她教我們英語。2、一般過去時:was/were+過去分詞A present was given to me by Mary.瑪麗給了我一件禮物。3、一般將來時:will be+過去分詞The desk will be mended by him.這張桌子將由他修理。4、現(xiàn)在進行時:am/is/are +being + 過去分詞The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墻壁。5、過去進行時:was/were +being + 過去分詞The ta

5、lk was being given at this time yesterday.昨天這個時候正在作報告。6、現(xiàn)在完成時:have/has been+過去分詞The flowers have been watered.這些花已經(jīng)被澆了。7、過去完成時:had been+過去分詞She said this lift had never been used.8、過去將來時:would be+過去分詞The film would be shown again sometime next week.這部電影下周的某個時候又將上映。9、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為:情態(tài)動詞+be+過

6、去分詞;其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完成,"be+過去分詞"部分不變。如:Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那時桌子可由石頭制造。(一般過去時Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石頭制造嗎?(疑問句四、被動語態(tài)的特殊用法1、不及物動詞不用于被動語態(tài)。Appear, rise, die, happen, occur, lie, depart, belong to, break out, take place等不及物動詞

7、不能用于被動語態(tài)。2、表狀態(tài)動詞不用于被動語態(tài)常見的有:hold, have, cost, contain, become, look like等3、某些動詞的進行時可表被動The meat is cooking.肉在煮著。The cakes are baking,蛋糕在烘。The book is printing.這本書正在印刷。4、主動形式表被動意義。1某些感官動詞和系動詞接形容詞可以表示被動意義。如:look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的臥室看起來非常干凈和

8、整潔。2動名詞的主動形式表示被動語態(tài)。如:want, deserve, need, require, take, worth等The book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。The children need looking after.孩子們需要照看。3某些作表語的形容詞后,用不定式主動形式表示被動意義。The conversation is hard to understand.對這話很難理解。The fish is not easy to fish.魚不容易釣。The passage is difficult to read.這段文章很難讀懂。被動語態(tài)練習(xí):1. Il

9、l be going to wor k on foot while my bicycle-.(a is being repaired (b is repaired(c will repaired (d has been repaired2. The radar sets-for a long time without any trouble.(a have been running (b have been run(c have run (d were running3. While the ice box-, a lot of defects were found.(a was being

10、examined (b was examined(c was examining (d had been examined4. Do you remember-to Dr. Henry during your last visit?(a to be introduced (b being introduced(chaving introduced (d to have introduced5. The book if worthy of-.(a reading (b read (c having read (d being read6. I dislike-while try to learn

11、 skiing.(a being looked at (b looking at(c to look at (d having looked at7. “Do you have any clothes-today?” my mother asked.(a to wash (bbe washed (c wash (d to be washed8. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature-.(a taking (b to take (c take (d taken9. Let teachers words-.(a being remem

12、bered (b remembering(c be remembered (d remember10. He has come to-.(a checked his blood pressure (b having his blood pressure checked(c have his blood pressure checked (d have checked his blood pressure Keys:A A AB D A D DC C被動語態(tài)40道練習(xí)題1It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days.A designed B

13、has been designed C will be designed D will have been designed2We are late. I expect the film _by the time we get to the cinema.A will already have started B would already have startedC shall have already started D has already been started3 She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her.A is taken B

14、 takes C will be taken D has taken4 Diamond _in Brazil in 1971.A is found B has been found C was found D had been found5“Have you moved situate new flat?”“Not yet. The room_.”A has been painted B is painted C paints D is being painted6 My pictures _until next Friday.A won't develop B aren't

15、developed C don't develop D won' t be developed7 Tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago.A had been unemployed B was unemployed C has been unemployed D has unemployed8 A great number of colleges and universities _since 1949.A has been establish B have been established C have established D

16、 had been established9 I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here.A would be fined B will be fined C will being fined D will have been fined10“_two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see ittogether?”A They have been g

17、iven B I have been given C I am given D They have given to me11 The subject of these lectures _by the lecture committee.A is announced B have been announced C are announced D has been announced12 I found an aspirin bottle _dropped on the floor of David's room.A was B had C had been D is13The goo

18、ds _when we arrived at the airport.A were just unloadingB were just been unloading C had just unloaded D were just being unloaded14 If one _by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.A overcomes B is overcome C has been overcome D overcome15 Most environment problems exist becaus

19、e adequate measures for preventing them _taken in the past.A was not B were not C were not being D had not been16 You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now _sour.A I smell B it is smelt C it smells D it is smelling17 After the race_, the celebration began.A had been won B is won C will

20、 be won Dhas been won18 He was here for a little while, but I don't knows where she _now.A is B was C had been D has been19 The young teacher has _ competent.A been proved to be B proved to be C been proved D proved being20 Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, _photographically in Ma

21、rch 1930.A discovered B was discovered C by discovery D when discovered21 To get a better view of the stage, _.Aour seats had to be changed B our seats were changedC we had to change our seats D our seats were changed by us22 After synthetic_, engineers had a better choice of material. A created B h

22、as created C has been created D had been created 23 I think much attention _your pronunciation. A must be paid to to 24 Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts _Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold. A have taken B have been taken C have been taking D have been taking B ought to be pa

23、id to C must pay to D should be paid 25 I don't remember _the chance to try this method. Ashavingsbeen given given 26 We could ask someone to do the work privately without it_. A know B be known C being known D to be known B to have been given Cshavingsgiven D to have 27 The construction of the

24、laboratory _by the end of next month. A must be completed B must have been completed C will be completing D will have been completing 28 They would tell how the African _on a ship to an American port. A was brought C had been brought B could have been brought D was to be brought 29 He does not posse

25、ss a bicycle, this one he uses _to Peter. A is belonged to B belonged C belongs D is belonging 30 Negotiation _again with Moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then. A is to be opened B is on the point of opening C is going to open D opens 31 The reason for all the changes being made _to

26、us yet. A has not explained not explained 32 Experiments in the photography of moving objects _in both the United States and Europe well before 1900. A were conducting conducted 6 B has not been explained C did not explained D were Bwere conducted C had been conducted D had 33 When he turned the corner, he found himself _by a man in black. A tailed B been tailed C was tailed D had been tailed 34 A candidate for the democratic presidential nomination _at this moment. A is interviewing B being interviewed D interviewing C is being interviewed 35 As we appro