動詞第三人稱單數詞尾變化形式及讀音

1、動詞第三人稱單數詞尾變化形式及讀音動詞第三人稱單數詞尾變化有三種形式。(1一般動詞在詞尾加-s,-s在清輔音后讀/s/,在濁輔音或元音后讀/z/ds讀/dz/,ts讀/ts/。如:helphelps/helps/,knowknows/nuz/,getgets/gets/,readreads/ri dz/(2以字母s,x,ch,sh或有些以o結尾的動詞加-es,-es讀/iz/。如:guessguesses/'siz/,fixfixes/'fiksiz/,teachteaches/'ti tiz /,washwashes/'w iz/注意:gogoes/uz/,d

2、odoes/dz/(3以輔音字母+y結尾的動詞,先變y為i,再加-es,-ies讀/iz/。如:carrycarries/'kriz/,flyflies/flaiz/注:在playplays/pleiz/,saysays/sez/中,字母y前為元音字母,第三人稱單數形式直接在動詞后面加-s。(4特殊詞例外。如:beis,havehas以不發(fā)音字母“e”結尾的開音節(jié)詞,如果尾音是s,z時,加“s”后字母“e”發(fā)音,與所加“s” ,一起讀做iz。如:close-closes iz規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化如下:一般情況下,動詞詞尾加-ed ,如:workworked piayplay

3、ed want-wanted act-acted以不發(fā)音的-e 結尾動詞,動詞詞尾加-d,如:live-lived move-moved decide-decided decline-declined hope-hoped judgejudged raise-raised wipe-wiped以輔音字母+ y結尾的動詞,把-y變?yōu)?i 再加-ed,如:study-studied try-tried copy-copied justify-justified cry-criedcarry-carried embody-embodied empty-emptied以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞

4、,雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加-ed,如: stop-stopped beg-begged fret-fretted drag-dragged dropdropped plan-planned dot-dotted drip-dripped注:不規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化規(guī)律性不強,須多加記憶。go went make made get got buy bought come - came fly-flew動詞過去式,過去分詞不規(guī)則變化AB型can - could shall - should will - would may - mightAAA型cost cost cost cut cut cut h

5、it hit hithurt hurt hurt let let let must must mustput put put set set set shut shut shutread read readAAB型beat beat beatenABA型become became become run ran runcome came comeABB型bring brought brought buy bought boughtthink thought thought catch caught caught teach taught taught build built builtlend

6、lent lent send sent sentspend spent spent dig dug dughang hung hung feel felt feltkeep kept kept sleep slept slept sweep swept swept leave left leftsmell smelt smelt spill spilt spiltlay laid laid pay paid paidsay said said sell sold soldtell told told sit sat satspit spat spat stand stood stood und

7、erstand understood understoodlearn learnt learnt mean meant meant spoil spoilt spoilt shine shone shonewin won won have had hadmake made made hear heard heardfind found found hold held heldABC型begin began begun drink drank drunk ring rang rung sing sang sungsink sank sunk swim swam swum blow blew bl

8、own fly flew flowngrow grew grown know knew known throw threw thrown draw drew drawn show showed shown break broke broken choose chose chosen forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen speak spoke spoken wake woke woken drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallengive gave given hide hid hidde

9、nride rode ridden rise rose risentake took taken mistake mistook mistaken write wrote written am,is was beenare were been do did donego went gone lie lay lainsee saw seen wear wore worn易錯型show showed shown draw drew drawnfall fell fallen feel felt felthold held held help helped helped think thought

10、thought thank thanked thanked take took taken talk talked talkedget got got forget forgot forgotten meet met met mean meant meanthit hit hit hide hid hiddenring rang rung bring brought brought eat ate eaten beat beat beatenlie lay lain lay laid laidfind found found found founded founded buy bought b

11、ought bring brought brought learn learnt learnt hear heard heard名詞復數的規(guī)則變化一般情況加-s1.清輔音后,讀/s/; map-maps2.濁輔音和元音后,讀/z/; car-cars bag-bags以s,sh,ch, x等結尾的詞加-es讀/iz/ bus-buses watch-watches以ce,se,ze, ge等結尾的詞加-s讀/iz/ license-licenses以輔音字母+y結尾的詞,變y 為i 再加es,讀/z/ baby-babies名詞復數的不規(guī)則變化1child-children foot-feet

12、 tooth-teethmouse-mice man-men woman-women注意:與man 和woman構成的合成詞,其復數形式也是-men 和-women。如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成詞,故復數形式為Germans; Bowman是姓,其復數是the Bowmans。2單復同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japaneseli,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin但除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復數形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a me

13、ter, two meters3集體名詞,以單數形式出現,但實為復數。如:people ,police,cattle 等本身就是復數,不能說a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國民總稱時,作復數用。如:The Chinese are industries and brave. 中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。4以s結尾,仍為單數的名詞,如:amaths,

14、politics,physics等學科名詞,為不可數名詞,是單數。b news 是不可數名詞。c the United States,the United Nations 應視為單數。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯合國是1945年組建起來的。d 以復數形式出現的書名,劇名,報紙,雜志名,也可視為單數。"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事書。5 表示由兩部分構成的東西，如：glasses (眼鏡， trousers， clothes 若表達具體數目，要借助數量詞 pair(對，雙； suit(套； a pair of glasses； two pairs of trousers 6） 另外還有一些名詞，其復數形式有時可表示特別意思，如：goods 貨物，waters 水域，fishes（各種）魚 動詞的現在分詞由動詞原形加 -ing 構成。構成方法如下：