定語從句難題講解

1、定語從句難題講解同學(xué)們在定語從句的復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)該注意以下要點：(一) 關(guān)系代詞that和which使用時應(yīng)注意的幾點1 .在下列情況下只用that，不用which 先行詞是 all, everything,nothing, anything, little, much, the one等不定代詞時There is nothing ( that ) I can do.I mean the one that was brought yesterday. 先行詞被 all, any, every, no, some, little, much等詞修飾時I have read all the books

2、(that) you gave me.You may take home any of these books that you like. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時This is the first composition (that)he has written in English.This is the best no vel (that) I have ever read. 先行詞被the only, the very( 正是，恰是),the same, the last 修飾時The white flower is the only one ( that) I reall

3、y like.This is the very book (that) I want to find.The last place( that) we visited was the hospital.This is the same watch that I lost yesterday. 當(dāng)先行詞有兩個或兩個以上時，既有人又有物，定語從句用that引導(dǎo) (that既可指人也可指物)He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.2. 下列情況不能使用that,而用which that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句Footb

4、all, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. that不能置于介詞之后（介詞后指物用 which,指人用whomThe person to whom I am speaking just now is our English teacher.The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle.（二）as做關(guān)系代詞的用法1. 關(guān)系代詞常出現(xiàn)在 the sameas, such as, so as, as as 等結(jié)構(gòu) 中This is not s

5、uch a book as I expected.I live in the same build ing as he （lives in）.Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.As many children as came here were my father ' s pupils. the same that和 the sameas 的區(qū)另I have bought the same watch as you have.我買了一塊和你一樣的手表。（我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一塊。）This is the same watch

6、 that I lost.這就是我丟的那塊手表。（這手表和我丟的手表是同一塊）2. as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代逗號前的整個句子（即先行詞），可置 于句首或句末。This elepha nt is like a sn ake, as an ybody can see.Mary was late for school, as ofte n happe ned.As is known to all, the earth is round. as指代一句話和which指代一句話的用法區(qū)別as的這種用法通常出現(xiàn)在一些固定短語之中如：2. as may be imagined 正如可以想象出來的那樣3

7、. as is well known眾所周知4. as was expected 正如預(yù)料的那樣5. as has been already pointed out正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣6. as we all can see正如我們都會看到的那樣which則不需要，例如：The man died last ni ght, which is a lie.as替代一句話即可放句首也可放句末，而which只能放句末。（三）定語從句中的主謂一致引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞人稱和數(shù)要根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞所指內(nèi)容 而定。例如：1. Here are such senten ces as are ofte n

8、 used by the stude nts. （ as 指代 sentences，謂語動詞用 are）。2. I, who am a Party member, should work hard for our coun try.（ who 指代I,謂語用am.）。3. He was one of the stude nts who were praised for it. （ who指代the stude nts）他是被表揚的學(xué)生之一。4. He was the only one of the students who was praised for it. （ who指the only

9、one） 他是唯一被表揚的學(xué)生。（四）易與定語從句混淆的其他復(fù)合句1.定語從句與同位語從句定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系“。的（名詞）”。而同 位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表事實或概念的抽象名詞，如 fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定語從句中作成分，可用 which或who/whom代替；而that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng) 任何句子成分，只起連接作用。試比較：同位語從句，that We all have heard the n ews that our team won.（ 從句表示news的內(nèi)容，th

10、at在從句中不作任何成分） We don' t believe the n ews that/which he told us yesterday.（定語從句，that作told 的賓語）2定語從句與狀語從句。試比較： He left the key where he had bee n an hour before.（where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句，相當(dāng)于 in the place where） He left the place where he lived for many years.（where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾the place） He is such a good teach

11、er as all of us love and respect.（as引導(dǎo)定語從句） He is such a good teacher that we all like him.（that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，suchthat“如此以致”3 定語從句與主語從句。試比較： As is known to us all, paper was first made in China.（as引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代整個主句內(nèi)容，可置于句首） It is known to us all that paper was first madein China.（it做形式主語，代替that引導(dǎo)的主語從句）4 定語從句

12、與強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較： It is the house where I met the young man.（where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾house，where在定語從句中作地點狀語） It was in the house that I met the young man.（本句為強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，可還原為 I met the young man in the house.）下面咱們一起來分析幾道定語從句的難題。例 1. It is the young manlooked forcaught themurderer.A. thatwho B. thatthey C . theythat D they

13、which分析：答案是C。本題考查了定語從句和強調(diào)句式。強調(diào)句式的結(jié)構(gòu)是“ It is + 強調(diào)部分+ that/who.”。they looked for 前省略了關(guān)系代 詞that,因為先行詞the young man在從句中做looked for 的賓語。強調(diào)句為 It is the young man who/that caught the murderer.本句意思是“是那個他們尋找的年輕人抓住了殺人犯”。例 2. Is this factorywe visited last year?A. where B in which C the one D at which分析：做這題首先要

14、明白一個概念。被定語從句修飾的名詞前一般都有the , 因為它已被限定。所以此題還原成陳述句應(yīng)該是this factory iswevisited last year. 而不是 this is factorywe visited last year.知道這一點后做題容易了，不能選 A, B, D。因為句子沒有先行詞。所以答案是C。從句前省略了關(guān)系代詞 that/which。題目如改為Is this the factory we visited last year? 空格處應(yīng)該用 which 或 that 。例 3. The book, the coveris broken, is not mi

15、ne.A. of it B for C whose D of which分析：答案是 D。先行詞the book代入從句應(yīng)該是the cover of the book is broken. 相當(dāng)于 whose cover。例 4. This is Mr Smith,I think has something interesting totell you.A who B whom C that D x分析：此題同學(xué)們?nèi)菀族e選 B,認(rèn)為先行詞Mr. Smith做think的賓語。I thi nk, you thi nk, do you thi nk等表明某人觀點的短語是插入語。插入語的特點是去掉

16、不影響句子表達(dá)。所以做題時遇到插入語，先去掉，This is Mr. Smith, has something interesting to tell you。很容易得至U答案 A.例 5. Whohas see n the TV film does nt admire it?A that B who C which D as分析：先行詞是who,到是指人，可為了避免重復(fù)，不用 who,而用能指代 人的that。答案是A。例 6. You can never imagine what great trouble I have had the patie nt who Received a serious wound.A. treat B. to treat C treat ing D treated分析：迷惑的答案是D,同學(xué)們?nèi)菀赘鶕?jù)had確定用過去分詞。而做好這題，關(guān)鍵是知道句型have trouble(difficult) doing sth做某事有困難。定語從句部分是 I have had (great trouble)treating the patient. 而 patient 后 又有一個定語從句。答案是Co例 7. This is the last timeI shall give you a less on.A. when B that