定語從句典型錯誤例析

1、定語從句典型錯誤例析1. 我給他看了我上周在杭州的照片?！菊`】 I showed him the photos I took them in Hangzhou last week.【正】 I showed him the photos I took in Han gzhou last week.【析】 關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞既代替先行詞，又在定語從句中充當一定的成分。例句為省略了關(guān)系代詞(that/which)的定語從句，that/which指代the photos，在定語從句中充當took的賓語，故them多余，應(yīng)去掉。2. 那個正在修理汽車的人是我的叔叔。【誤】 The man is mend

2、ing the car is my uncle.【正】 The man who/that is mending the car is my un cle.【析】 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當主語時不可省略，只有作賓語時才能省略that。本句還可以譯為 The man mending the car is my uncle.(-ing 形式短 語 mending the car作 the man 的后置定語。)3. 這只風箏是你父親昨天為你扎的嗎？【誤】 Is this kite your father made for you yesterday?【正】 Is this kite the one

3、(that) your father made for you yesterday?【析】 若把this看作kite的修飾語，短語this kite為主句的主語，這時我們可以看出主句中缺少表語，即定語從句的先行詞，所以應(yīng)該加上代詞theoneo如果我們把this看作代詞，作句子的主語，那么kite應(yīng)該為句子的 表語，則可以看出先行詞kite前缺少定冠詞the。故本句還可改為：Is this the kite (that/which) your father made for you yesterday?4. 她告訴我的就這些?！菊`】 This is all which she told me.

4、【正】 This is all (that) she told me.【析】 當先行詞為 all, none, one, any, few, little, everything, anything, nothing等或 先行詞前有序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級修飾時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。另外,本句還可以譯為 This is what she told me.不過此時 what引導的是表語 從句，而不是定語從句。5.這是我們明天要討論的問題【誤】This is the problem about that we'll talk tomorrow.【正】This is the problem

5、about which we'll talk tomorrow.【正】This is the problem (that/which) we 'll talk about tomorrow.析“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句，先行詞指人時，關(guān)系代詞用whom；指物時，關(guān)系代詞用which。另外，有些固定短語如look after, listen to等,一般也不能將介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前。6. 他是今天早晨遲到的學生之一?！菊`】 He was one of the students who was late this morning.【正】 He was one of the s

6、tudents who were late this morning.【析】 在“ one of+復數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的先行詞是復數(shù)名詞，故謂語 動詞應(yīng)用復數(shù)；在“ the only one of+復數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的先行詞是 one, 故謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。如： She is the only one of the stude nts in our class who has ever been to Beiji ng.她是我們班唯一去過北京的學生。7. 我還記得我在北京度過的日子?！菊`】 I still remember the days when I spent in Be

7、ijing.【正】 I still remember the days (which/that) I spent in Beijing.【析】 定語從句中引導詞的選擇關(guān)鍵詞是看先行詞在定語從句中充當什么樣的 成分，或者說定語從句中缺少什么成分。如果從句缺少主語，表語，賓語，則引 導詞通常為 which, that, who, whom, as；如果缺少定語則用關(guān)系代詞 whose；如果 缺少狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why.分析例句的成分可以知道，從句中缺少謂語動詞spent的賓語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導定語從句。若 把例句變?yōu)椋?I still reme

8、mber the daysI enjoyed myself in Beijing。貝U定語從句中缺少時間狀語，故此時應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞 whe n。8. 昨晚送你回家的那個人是誰？【誤】Who is the man who sent you home last ni ght?【正】Who is the man that sent you home last ni ght?【析】當主句為含有who/which的疑問句，關(guān)系代詞用that,而不用who或which。 如：Which is the book that you bought yesterday?哪本書是你昨天買的？9. 他們談了許多他們所知

9、道的人和事?！菊`】They talked about a lot of thi ngs and pers ons what/who/which they kn ew.【正】They talked about a lot of thi ngs and pers ons that they kn ew.【析】 先行詞既有人又有物時應(yīng)該用that來引導。What不可以引導定語從句。10. 我的家鄉(xiāng)已不再是十年前的樣子?！菊`】 My hometow n is no Ion ger the tow n which it used to be ten years ago.【正】 My hometow n

10、is no Ion ger the tow n (that) it used to be ten years ago.【析】 當先行詞在定語從句中充當表語時關(guān)系代詞一般只能用 thato另外，先 行詞是there be中的主語時，關(guān)系代詞也常用that, 口語中這兩中情況的關(guān)系代 詞 that 也可以省略。如： There is a park (that) we often visit on Sundays.由于定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法比較復雜，初學者在使用時往往容易犯一些錯 誤，最常見的有如下五種：一、在定語從句中加了多余的定語。t come1. 誤: Some of the boys I in

11、vited them didn正：Some of the boys I invited didn.' t come譯：我邀請的男孩中有幾個沒有來。析：應(yīng)刪去them，因為從句的賓語是省略了的 whom, who或that。2 .誤:The book that you need it is in the library.正: The book that you need is in the library譯：你需要的書在圖書館里。析：應(yīng)刪去it，因為從句的賓語是關(guān)系代詞thato二、把定語從句謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)弄錯。1 .誤: Anyone who break the law will

12、be punished. 正： Anyone who breaks the law will be puni shed 譯：任何違犯法律的人將被處罰。析：應(yīng)改 break為 breaks, 因為 who 指 anyone, 是單數(shù)。2. 誤:Those who has finished may go home 正: Those who have finished may go home 譯：做完了的人現(xiàn)在可以回家。析：應(yīng)改has為have,因為who指those,是復數(shù)。3 .誤： He is the only one of the teachers who know French in ou

13、r school正: He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school 譯：他是我們學校中唯一懂法語的人。析：應(yīng)改know為knows，因為one前有the only之類限定詞，定語從句 在意義上修飾的是the only one,是單數(shù)，而不是復數(shù)名詞 the teachers4 .誤:This is one of the rooms that is free now正: This is one of the rooms that are free now譯：這是目前空著的房間之一。析：應(yīng)改is為are,因為on

14、e前沒有the only之類的限定詞，定語從句在 意義上修飾的是名詞復數(shù)the rooms,而不是單數(shù)one。三、誤省略了定語從句中作主語的關(guān)系代詞。1 .誤： Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth正: Children who/? that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth 譯：吃糖多的孩子往往牙齒不好。析：應(yīng)加上關(guān)系代詞who或that，因為從句少主語，且主語不能省略。2.誤:The key ope ns the bike is miss ing正: The key that/ whi

15、ch ope ns the bike is missi ng 譯：開這輛自行車的鑰匙不見了。析：應(yīng)加上關(guān)系代詞that或which，因為從句少主語，且主語不能省略。四、定語從句中加了多余的關(guān)系副詞或介詞。1 .誤：The house where he lives in needs repairing正: The house where he lives needs repairing 或: The house he lives in needs repairing 譯：他住的房子需要修理。析：應(yīng)保留where,刪去從句中的in，因為關(guān)系副詞where在從句中作 地點狀語，in屬多余?；騽h去關(guān)系

16、副詞where，因為where在這里的意思是in which，否則介詞in就重復了。2 .誤:I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing.正: I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.或: I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.譯：我仍記得我第一次來到北京那天的情景。析：應(yīng)刪去on，因為when在這里的意思是on which，否則介詞on就重 復了，或把 when改為which。五、在作先行詞的時間名詞或地點名詞后錯用了關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。1 .誤:I still remember the day when we spent together正: I still remember the day thaj/which we spen