中考英語(yǔ)完形填空解題技巧與專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、中考英語(yǔ)完形填空解題技巧與專項(xiàng)練習(xí)“完形填空（CLOZE TEST）”是初中英語(yǔ)試題中固定而重要的題型。它是一種障礙性的測(cè)試題。在一定程度上考查考生的閱讀能力、邏輯推理及分析歸納、綜合判斷能力。這種題型歸納起來(lái)有如下特點(diǎn)：  1在整份試卷中所占的分值較重，占1015，長(zhǎng)度一般在130200個(gè)單詞左右。 2降低了對(duì)單詞本身的考查要求，重點(diǎn)考查考生對(duì)短文的整體理解，上下文的段落銜接，情理分析及推理判斷能力。  3針對(duì)初中學(xué)生的實(shí)際水平，一般采用故事體，盡量避免專業(yè)性太強(qiáng)的文章或論文體。近年來(lái)出現(xiàn)了以意義選擇為主、語(yǔ)法選擇逐漸減少的趨勢(shì)。 “完形填空”有多種形式，但它在基本設(shè)計(jì)原

2、則上都是一致的。形式都是從短文中抽去若干詞，讓考生根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，為了有助于考生填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，可以提供四個(gè)答案（其中包括一個(gè)正確答案），讓考生選出正確的答案；也可以給出單詞首字母完形填空，或者給出字母及單詞長(zhǎng)度（由幾個(gè)字母組成）；也可以不給考生提供任何線索，完全憑借考生對(duì)文章的理解和現(xiàn)有的語(yǔ)言能力完成。最常見(jiàn)的還是選擇型的“完形填空”。 “抽詞法”可以是有針對(duì)性地抽，也可以是隨機(jī)地抽。但目前比較流行的是對(duì)文章理解能力的考查，而不是單純對(duì)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的考查。 “完形填空”要求考生不僅要會(huì)運(yùn)用自己學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)妥善地處理好每個(gè)單句，理解語(yǔ)義，還要處理好單句之間以及單句與全文之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系

3、，選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填上，使文章完整與通順。  完形填空題要求填入的詞主要有：構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)和用法區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；名詞和介詞；根據(jù)上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的形容詞、副詞、代詞和連詞；同義詞、近義詞等易混詞。考查以實(shí)詞為主，兼顧虛詞和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。難點(diǎn)主要集中在根據(jù)上下文作正確判斷的詞的用法上。 “完形填空”旨在測(cè)試考生的綜合應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言能力。因此，要做好“完形填空”，不僅要具備一定的詞法、句法和慣用法等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，而且還要具備閱讀理解能力、綜合分析能力和運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的實(shí)踐能力。傳統(tǒng)的完形填空(cloze test通常是將一篇邏輯性較強(qiáng)的短文，留出若干個(gè)空，然后采用"四選一"的

4、方法，將短文補(bǔ)充完整。它屬于客觀題型。如今的完形填空題除保留傳統(tǒng)題型的優(yōu)點(diǎn)外，還采用了選詞填空(有多余選項(xiàng)或根據(jù)上下文補(bǔ)全對(duì)話(或短文等主觀題型。但事實(shí)證明，完形填空通常是同學(xué)們較難把握的題型之一，且失分率較高。限于篇幅，本文著重談?wù)効陀^題型的解法。請(qǐng)看-一、 目標(biāo)要求完形填空主要測(cè)試學(xué)生在具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中對(duì)文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、中心思想、推理判斷、詞語(yǔ)辨析、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及對(duì)所學(xué)英語(yǔ)的綜合運(yùn)用能力、快速閱讀理解能力及邏輯推理判斷能力等。二、 解題步驟在做完形填空題時(shí)，通常先弄清語(yǔ)境，并依據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行合理的分析、判斷，才能作出恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇。具體可分為以下三步：1. 通覽全文，了解大

5、意答題時(shí)，應(yīng)先越過(guò)空檔，通讀全文，理順題意，找出信息詞。這是做好完形填空題的關(guān)鍵。因?yàn)橥晷翁羁盏奶攸c(diǎn)是著眼于整體理解。我們?nèi)绻讯涛谋茸鳝h(huán)環(huán)相扣的鏈條，那么由于空格的設(shè)置，"鏈條"從第二句起有些地方就脫節(jié)了。有些同學(xué)習(xí)慣于提筆就填或邊讀邊填，急于求成，然而，欲速則不達(dá)，結(jié)果往往由于"只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木不見(jiàn)森林"而事倍功半。因此我們應(yīng)該依據(jù)首句給的啟示，通過(guò)邏輯思維，借助短文中關(guān)鍵詞所提供的信息，越過(guò)空檔，盡快把全文讀完，建立語(yǔ)言的整體感，幫助我們了解短文大意。2. 綜合考慮，先易后難通覽全文后，認(rèn)真觀察選項(xiàng)，瞻前顧后，仔細(xì)推敲，逐項(xiàng)選定。經(jīng)過(guò)通讀全文，對(duì)短文有了整

6、體印象。在此基礎(chǔ)上，可以根據(jù)全文大意，展開(kāi)邏輯思維，分析這一空格處在句中的地位，前后的關(guān)系和它所起的作用，確定最佳答案。遇到困難，暫放一邊，先易后難，這是解題之道。當(dāng)遇到難以判斷的空檔時(shí)，不妨先放一邊，繼續(xù)往下做。因?yàn)橛行┐鸢甘潜仨毻ㄟ^(guò)下文的理解后才能作出斷定的。有時(shí)，前后信息之間還有相互提示作用。因此，當(dāng)我們遇到難題時(shí)，不能久久停留于此，這樣會(huì)浪費(fèi)不必要的時(shí)間。3. 復(fù)讀檢驗(yàn)，消除疏漏完成所有空檔后，還要再次通讀全文，看看這時(shí)的短文行文是否流暢，意義是否連貫，邏輯關(guān)系是否合理。復(fù)查時(shí)，可從語(yǔ)法入手，檢查一下句子的時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致、代詞的性、數(shù)、格以及詞語(yǔ)的搭配等是否正確。凡遇疑點(diǎn)，必須根據(jù)文章

7、的中心思想，從意義、語(yǔ)法的角度來(lái)仔細(xì)權(quán)衡，加以改正，彌補(bǔ)疏漏。三、 實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面短文內(nèi)容，在短文后面的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)能填入空白處的最佳答案。Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, _1_ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn_2_? It is not_3_to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn

8、 English at school. It is one of their _4_. Many people learn English because it is_5_in their work. Some young people learn English_6_their higher studies because some of their books are_7_English. Other people learn English because they want to _8_newspapers in English. Some people learn English b

9、ecause they want to _9_ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very_10_in our life (生活.1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice4. A. books B. classesC. schools D. subjects (科目5. A. good B. useful (有用的 C. fine D. plea

10、sed6. A. for B. of C. to D. from7. A. in B. with C. at D. of 8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read9. A. go B. work C. like D. come10. A. help B. helpingC. helps D. helpful 答題分三步：第一步： 通覽全文通過(guò)通覽全文，便知本文講述許多人學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人年齡不同，目的各異。第二步： 逐項(xiàng)填空本著先易后難的原則，先根據(jù)上下文和自己的語(yǔ)感，推測(cè)部分空格的可能答案。然后，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)逐一敲定。1. 選B。some.other(s.意

11、思是"一些另一些(泛指"； some.the other(s.意思是"一些另一些(特指"。由語(yǔ)境可知，在學(xué)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指。2. 選A。根據(jù)上下文可知是English。3. 選B。由文章內(nèi)容來(lái)看，人們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的原因多種多樣，因此回答為什么那么多人學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)這個(gè)問(wèn)題并不容易。4. 選D。由常識(shí)可知，English是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的科目(subject之一。5. 選B。根據(jù)前后文意可知許多人學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，那是因?yàn)镋nglish在他們的工作中很有用(useful。6. 選A。本題屬于介詞用法辨析。介詞for在此可表示目的、原因。7. 選

12、A。in English是習(xí)慣搭配。8. 選D。"讀報(bào)"英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣說(shuō)readnewspapers。9. 選B。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)，有些人學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)或想出國(guó)(go to a country或想在這些國(guó)家工作(work in a country。10. 選D。末句點(diǎn)題，"英語(yǔ)在我們生活中是很有幫助的(helpful"。第三步： 復(fù)讀檢驗(yàn)將所有答案代入空格后，重新將短文復(fù)讀一遍，如果語(yǔ)句通順，語(yǔ)意清楚，便結(jié)束本題，轉(zhuǎn)做其它試題。最后須提醒大家一點(diǎn)，做好完形填空題并非一日之功。我們應(yīng)從平日學(xué)習(xí)中做起，多積累，勤學(xué)苦練，方可成功！Have a greater succ

13、ess in the future?。?）根據(jù)文意，補(bǔ)全所缺單詞，詞首字母已給出。 Overhead bridges can be seen in many parts of Singapore，in the places where traffic is very h _  and crossing the road is not safe These bridges can help people cross roads s _ Overhead bridges are used in very much the same way as zebra crossings（

14、斑馬線） They are more efficient（效率高的），t _  less convenient（方便的）because people have to climb up a lot of stepsThis is inconvenient to the oldWhen people u _  an overhead bridge，they do not hold up（阻擋） trafficBut when they cross a busy road using a zebra crossing，traffic is held upThis is w _&#

15、160; the government（政府）has built many overhead bridges to help people and k _  traffic moving at the same time The government of Singapore has s _  a lot of money building these bridgesFor their own safety，people should be advised to use them instead of rushing across the roadOld people ma

16、y find it a little d _  climbing up and down the steps，but it is still much safer than walking across the road w _  all the moving traffic Overhead bridges are very usefulPeople， both old and young，should always use them This will stop accidents from h _  Key:1heavy 2safely（作狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)用副詞形式）

17、 3though（此處表讓步關(guān)系，意為“雖然”） 4use 5why（此處表達(dá)“這就是的原因） 6keep 7spent（spend time money in on doing sth意為“花時(shí)間金錢(qián)做某事”，其中in常省略） 8difficult 9with 10happening（stopfrom doing）意為“阻止防止去做某事”）（2）The population problem may be the      1        one of the world

18、today The world's population is growing     2       Two thousand years ago, there were only 250 million people     3       the earth Four hundred years ago, the number was     4  &#

19、160;    500 million But at the beginning of the     5      century, the world's population was about 1,700 millionIn 1970, this number was 3,600 million In 1990, the number was five billion A     6    

20、   report says that the world population will     7       six billion by the end of the 20th century This is just ten     8       after it     9      five

21、billion People say that by the year 2010,     1 0      may be seven billion 1Agreat Bgreater Cgreatest Dgreating2Afaster and faster Bfast and fastCfastest and fastest Dfaster and fast3Ain Bon Cat Dfor4Anearly Bmore Calmost Dover5Atwenty Btwelve Ctwen

22、tieth Dtwelfth6AUSA BUN CPRC DPLA7Apast Bpass Cpassed Dpasses8Aweeks Bmonths Cseasons Dyears9Aget Bgets Creached Dreach10Athis Bits Cone DitKEY: 1C 2A 3B 4D 5C 6B 7B 8D 9C 10D（3）Fire can help people in many ways. But it can also be very harmful (有害的. Fire can keep your house _1_, give light and cook

23、 food. But fire can burn things _2_. Big fire can burn, trees, houses, animals or people.   Nobody knows how people began to use fire. But there are _3_. interesting old stories about how a man or woman started a fire. One is _4_ a man. The man _5_ a very long time ago. He went up the sun and _

24、6_ fire down.   Today people know how to make a fire with matches(火柴. Children sometimes _7_ to play with them. But matches can be very dangerous. One match can burn a piece of paper. and _8_ it could burn a house. A small fire can turn a big fire. very quickly. So you _9_ be careful with match

25、es.   Be careful with fire, and it will _10_ you. But if you arent careful with fire. and it may hurt you.   1. A. warm    B. warmer C. cool   D. cooler 2. A. also    B. too C. either   D. neither 3. A. many    B. much C. little   D. n

26、o 4. A. over   B. about C. a little   D. no 5. A. worked    B. studied C. learned    D. lived 6. A. bring   B. take C. brought   D. took 7. A. enjoy B. like C. don't like   D. become8. A. after   B. late C. yet

27、  D. then 9. A. can     B. man C. will   D. must 10. A. help   B. do C. tell   D. hope Key: 1C 2C 3D 4C 5A 6B 7D 8A 9B 10D（4）English names and Chinese names are quite different in some 1 ways, but it's not hard for us to know Unlike Chinese, most English people have

28、 2 names One is their family name, both of the other names are given names Their family name is 3 the given name They use Mr, Mrs or Miss with the 4 name, but they never use 5 with the first name For example, we can 6 a man named James Allan Green Mr Green, 7 we can't call him Mr James or Mr All

29、an People usually use Jim 8 James Jim is short for James because it's 9 to rememberBut Chinese names are the opposite A girl with the name Han Limei 10 her family name Han first Of course, she can be called Ah Mei for short in China if you wish1Aanother    Bother   

30、 Cothers    Dthe others2Aone        Btwo      Cthree     Dfour3Aabove      Bfront    Cback      Dbehind4Alast   

31、60;   Bgiven    Cmiddle    Dfull5Atheir      Bthem     Cits       Dit6Aask        Bsay      Ccall    

32、0; Dwrite7Aso         Bor       Cand       Dbut8Ainstead of Bfor long Cso far    Dnext to9Aimportant  Beasy     Cdifficult Dinteresting10Aput  &#

33、160;    Bputting  Cputs      Dwas putKEY: 1B 2C 3D 4A 5B 6C 7D 8A 9B 10C（5）Every day some people are killed while they are crossing the roads 1 of these people are old people and children Old people are often killed because they can't see or 2 very we

34、ll Children are killed because they are not 3 They forget to look and listen before they 4 the roads  A car or a bus can't stop 5 If a car is going very fast, it will travel many metres 6 it stops Some people don't always understand this They think a car can stop 7 a few metres It is di

35、fficult to 8 how fast a car is moving The only way to cross the roads safely is to look 9 ways, right and left Then if the roads are 10 , you can cross them1AMuch BMost CMore 2Ahear Bto hear Chearing3Acare Bcarefully Ccareful 4Aacross Bcome Ccross5Afast Bquickly Cquick 6Abefore Bwhile Cafter7Ain Bon

36、 Cat 8Aknow Blook Clisten9Aall Beach Cboth 10Afull Bempty CbusyKEY: 1B 2A 3C 4C 5B 6A 7A 8A 9C 10B（6）Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the schoolYesterday she came into the 1 with a big smile on her faceShe said to her 2 that she was 3 to see they did well in the sports meetingBut 4 w

37、as not pleased to see the classroom last Saturday not as 5 as usualShe hoped they would clean the classroom every day Wei Hua was on 6 yesterdayShe said everyone was at 7 except Lin TaoThen she told Miss Zhao about their 8 to the Great Wall last SundayLuckily the weather was 9 They played games and

38、had a picnic thereAfter Wei Hua 10 her talk，Miss Zhao began her lesson 1Ashop Bclassroom        Cpark Doffice 2Astudents Bteachers   Cworkers  Ddoctors 3Aangry Bsorry        Cglad   Dsad 4Ashe BI

39、         Cwe   Dhe 5Adark  Bold        Clarge Dclean 6Atime Bduty        Cfoot Dtop 7Ahome  Bnoon Cnight Dschool 8Avisit Bmusic      &#

40、160; Cclock Dfootball 9Abad   Bfine        Crainy Dwindy 10Astarted  Bhad         Cfinished Dgave KEY: 1B 2A 3C 4A 5D 6B 7D 8A 9B 10C（7）When you wave (揮手 to a friend, you are using sign language.

41、 When you smile at someone, you mean to be 1 . When you put one finger (手指 in front of your 2 , you mean "Be quiet." Yet, people in different countries may use different sign languages.   Once an Englishman was in Italy. He could speak 3 Italian. One day while he was walking in the st

42、reet, he felt 4 and went into a restaurant (餐館. When the waiter came, the Englishman 5 his mouth, put his fingers into it and took them out again and moved his lips (嘴唇. In this way, he 6 to say, "Bring me something to eat." But the waiter brought him a lot of things to 7 . First tea, then

43、 coffee, then milk, but no food. The Englishman was 8 that he was not able to tell the waiter he was hungry. He was 9 to leave the restaurant when another man came in and put his hands on his stomach (肚子. And this sign was 10 enough for the waiter. In a few minutes, the waiter brought him a large pl

44、ate of bread and meat. At last the Englishman had his meal in the same way.1. A. nice B. friendly C. fine D. well 2. A. eye B. hand C. mouth D. arm3. A. a littleB. fewC. a fewD. a little4. A. hungry   B. tired   C. sad   D. worried   5. A. washed   B. opened   C. c

45、losed D. touched   6. A. dared   B. meant   C. had   D. decided   7. A. eat   B. drink   C. carry   D. play   8. A. happy   B. glad   C. sorry   D. afraid   9. A. quick   B. slow   C. ready   D. quiet   10. A. good

46、  B. bad   C. bright   D. wrong  KEY: 1-5 BCDAB 6-10 BBCCA （8）We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers. Our car was full of 1 inside. On the way home my wife saw a bookshelf outside a furniture (家具 shop. "Buy it," she said at once. "We'll 2 it

47、home on the roof-rack (車(chē)頂架. I've always wanted one like that."     Ten minutes _3_ we were back with the bookshelf. 1 drove slowly. Other drivers seemed more polite than usual that evening. The 4 even stopped traffic to let us through.After a rime my wife said, "There

48、9;s a long line of cars 5 . Why don't they overtake (超車(chē)?"Just at that time a police car did overtake, and two officers inside asked us to 6 their car through the busy traffic. The police car stopped at our village church（教堂）.One of the officers came to me and said, "Do you need any mor

49、e 7 now?" I didn't quite understand. So I said, "You've been very 8 . We live just down the road."He was looking at our things, first at the flowers, then at the bookshelf. "Well, well," he said and 9 , "It's a bookshelf you've got here! We thought it wa

50、s er, something else."My wife began to laugh. Suddenly I understood 10 the police drove here. 1. A. booksB. flowersC. fruits2. A. takeB. carryC. sendD. hold3. A. beforeB. afterC. laterD. ago4. A. driversB. policeC. cleanersD. sellers5. A. behindB. beforeC. besideD. back6. A. takeB. followC

51、. moveD. drive7. A. timeB. moneyC. helpD. water8. A. kindB. cleverC. politeD. popular9. A. laughedB. criedC. shoutedD. jumped10. A. how B. whatC. whoD. why    KEY: 1-5 BBCBA 6-10 BCAAD（9）Sam had a dog, Its name was Tod. it was very helpful, but it ate too much . So he didn't like

52、it. he wanted to _1_ Tod. He _2_ Tod and put it in a small boat . he rowed(劃the boat to the _3_ of a big river. Just as he _4_ the poor animal into the river, the boat began to go down. _5_ the man and Tod _56_ into the river. Tod was able to swim, _7_ Sam couldn't. The dog bit(咬 the rope(繩子 and

53、 broke it . it tried its best to swim to _8_ Sam. The man was saved, so he was very thankful (感激的to the dog, he didn't want to kill the dog _9_. From the on, he gave the dog as _10_ as it wanted.     1. A. sell    B. buy       C. beat&#

54、160;     D. kill     2. A. tied    B. pulled    C. pushed    D. closed     3. A. front   B. foot      C. side      D. middle     4

55、. A. threw   B. carried   C. sent      D. brought     5. A. Neither B. Nor       C. Each      D. Both     6. A. fell    B. dropped   C. lost

56、      D. jumped     7. A. because B. though    C. but       D. when     8. A. kill    B. save      C. meet      D. hit   

57、0; 9. A. no more B. any more  C. no longer D. not more     10. A. little B. few       C. many      D. much     KEY: 1-5 DADAD 6-10 ACBBD（10）There were no classes that afternoon, so Henry went to a _1_ shop

58、 near his home. The shop sold many jackets. He looked _2_ them and at last chose a very nice one. He _3_ it on and then told the shopkeeper to put it into a _4_. At that time his friend Bruce came into the shop. They hadn't seen each other for a long time. They were so _5_ to meet again that the

59、y forgot _6_ else. Soon they were busy talking on and on happily. It was nearly six o'clock, _7_ they decided to go and have dinner together. Henry picked up the bag, and walked _8_ the door of the shop. The shopkeeper stopped them and asked Henry to pay for the _9_. Henry looked at him in surpr

60、ise at first, but soon he remember that he hadn't paid for it. He said _10_ ,gave him the money and them left the shop with his friend.     1. A. fruit    B. book        C. food      D. clothing   

61、;  2. A. up       B. for         C. after     D. at     3. A. put      B. tried       C. got       D. turned &

62、#160;   4. A. bag      B. cup         C. car       D. pocket     5. A. worried  B. interested C. pleased   D. anxious     6. A. nobody   B.

63、anybody     C. something D. everything     7. A. though   B. so          C. because   D. but     8. A. towards  B. through     C. out of    D. ro

64、und     9. A. dinner   B. bag         C. jacket    D. ticket     10. A. goodbye B. yes         C. hello     D. sorry    

65、    KEY: 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D（11） Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school. Yesterday she came into the 1     With a big smile on her face. She said to her 2 that she was 3 to see they did well in the sports meeting.

66、 But 4 was not pleased to see the classroom last Saturday not as 5 as usual. She hoped they would clean the classroom every day.Wei Hua was on 6 yesterday. She said everyone was at 7 except Lin Tao. Then she told Miss Zhao about their 8 to the Great Wall last Sunday. Luckily the weather was 9 . They

67、 played games and had a picnic there. After Wei Hua 10 her talk, Miss Zhao began her lesson.1. A. shop B. classroom C. park D. office2. A. students B. teachers C. workers D. doctors3. A. angry B. sorry C. glad D. sad4. A. she B. I C. we D. he5.A.dark B. old C. large D. clean6. A. time B. duty C. foot D. to    7. A. home B. noon C. night D. school    8. A. visit B. music C. clock D. football