《高級微生物學(xué)》雙語課教學(xué)大綱

1、高級微生物學(xué)雙語課教學(xué)大綱課程名稱：高級微生物學(xué) 面向?qū)I(yè)：全校課程代碼： 大綱執(zhí)筆人：常維山總學(xué)分：2 大綱審定人：柴同杰 一、課程教學(xué)的目的、性質(zhì)、地位和任務(wù)微生物學(xué)是一門歷史較短、發(fā)展較快、縱橫交錯(cuò)和廣泛聯(lián)系實(shí)際的學(xué)科，具有內(nèi)容覆蓋面廣和跨度大等特點(diǎn)。動(dòng)物微生物本身是一個(gè)重要而獨(dú)具特色的生物群體，它們不僅是一個(gè)研究生物學(xué)基本規(guī)律的理想材料，而且與動(dòng)物及人類的生命活動(dòng)密切相關(guān)。微生物的應(yīng)用已涉及到獸醫(yī)學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)、農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)、食品和生物技術(shù)等許多方面。這樣都促使動(dòng)物微生物學(xué)不斷發(fā)展和日益受到重視，使微生物成為生物學(xué)的重要學(xué)科，并為人類的生活作出重要貢獻(xiàn)。二、課程教學(xué)的基本要求讓學(xué)生在頭腦中建立

2、一個(gè)較牢固的動(dòng)物微生物學(xué)知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)；使他們獲得一個(gè)既有一定深度和廣度，又有一定的歷史、現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展前景的綜合知識；努力啟發(fā)、引導(dǎo)和培養(yǎng)他們的科研及實(shí)際能力，使他們在本學(xué)科領(lǐng)域中能站得高，看得遠(yuǎn)，做得好。本課程一般應(yīng)安排在生物化學(xué)課程以后學(xué)習(xí)。三、課程教學(xué)大綱及學(xué)時(shí)分配 Part Intrduction to Microbiology1. The History and Scope of Microbiology The Discovery of MicroorganismsThe Conflict over Spontaneous GenerationThe Role of Microorgani

3、sms in Disease Recongnization of the Relationship between Microorganisms and Disease The Development of Techniquies for Studying Microbial Pathogens Industrial Microbiology and Microbial EcologyMembers of the Microbial World The Scope and Relevance of MicrobiologyThe Future of Microbiology2.Eucaryot

4、ic Cell Structure and Function An Over of Eucaryotic Cell Struture The Cytoplasmic Matrix, Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, and Microtubules The Endoplasmic Reticulum The Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes and Endocytosis Eucaryotic Ribosomes Mitochondria Chloroplasts The Nucleus and Cell Division Nuc

5、lear Structure The Nucleous Mitosis and Meiosis External Cell Coverings Cilia and Flagella Comparison of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells Part Microbial Nutrition , Growth ,and Control Microbial Nutrition The Common Nutrient Requirements Requirements for Carbon, Hydrogen,and Oxygen Nutritional Types

6、 of Microorganisms Requirements for Nitrigen,Phosphorus,and Sulfur Growth Factors Uptake of Nutrients by the Cell Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport Group Translocation Iron Uptake Culture Media Synthetic or Defined Midia Complex Media Types of Media Isolation of Pure Cultures The Spread Plate a

7、nd Streak Plate The Pour Plate Colony Morphology and Growth Microbial Growth The Growth Curve Lag Phase Exponential Phase Death Phase The Mathematics of GrowthMeasurement of Microbial Growth Measurement of Cell Numbers Measurement of Cell MassThe Continuous Culture of Microorganisms The Chmostat The

8、 TurbidostatThe Influence of Environmental Factors on Growth Solutes and Water Activity PH Temperature Oxygen Concerntration Pressure RaditionMicrobial Growth in Natual Environments Growth Limitation by Environmental Factors Counting Viable But Nonculturable Vegetative Procaryotes Quorum Sensing and

9、 Microbial PopulationControl of Microorganisms by Physical and Chemical Agents Definition of Frequently Used Terms The Pattern of Microbial Death Conditions Influencing the Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Agent Activity The Use of Physical Methods in Control Heat Low Temperature Filtration Radiation

10、The Use of Chemical Agents in Control Phenolics Alcohols Halogens Heavy Metals Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Aldehydes Sterilizing Gases Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agent EffectivenessPart Microbial Molecular Biology and Genetics Genes : Structure , Replication ,and Mutation DNA as Genitic Material

11、Nucleic Acid Structure DNA StrutureRNA StrutureThe Organization of DNA in Cells DNA RepblicationPatterns of DNA SynthesisMechanism of DNA Repblication The Genetic CodeEstablishment of the Genetic CodeOrganization of the Code Gene StructureGenes That Code for ProteinGenes That Code for t RNA and rRNA

12、 Mutations and Their Chemical BasisMutations and MutagenesisSpontaneous MutationsInduce MutationsThe Expression of Mutations Detectation and Isolation of MutantsMutants Detection Mutants Selection Carcinogenicity Testing DNA RepairExcision RepairRemoval of LesionsPostreplication RepairRecombination

13、RepairGenes: Expression and Regulation DNA Transcription or RNA Synthesis Transcription in Procaryotes Transcription in Eucaryotes Protein Synthesis Transfer RNA and Amino Acid Activation The Ribosome Initiation of Protein Synthesis Elongation of the Polypeptide Chain Termination of Protein Sythesis

14、 Protein Folding and Molecular Chaperones Protein Splicing Regulation of mRNA Synthesis Induction and Repression Negative Control Positive Control Attenuation Global Regulatory Systems Catabolite Repression Regulation by Sigma Factors and Control of Sporlation Antisense RNA and the Control of Porin

15、Protein TwoComponent Phosphorelay Systems Control of the Cell Cycle Microbial Recombination and Plasmids Bacterial Recombination: General Principles Bacterial Plasmids Fertility Factors Resistance Factors Col Plasmids Other Types of Plasmids Transposable Elements Bacterial Conjugation F+ F Mating Hf

16、r Conjugation F Conjugation DNA Transformation Transduction Generalized Transduction Specialized Transduction Mapping Genome Recombination and Genome Mapping in VirusesPart The Viruses : Viruses of Eucaryotes Classification of Animal Viruses Reproduction of Animal Viruses Adsorption of Virions Penet

17、ration and Uncoating Replication and Transcription in DNA Viruses Replication and Transcription in RNA Viruses Synthesis and Assembly of Virus Capsids Virion Release Cytocidal Infections and Cell Damage Persistent ,Latent ,and Slow Virus Infections Viruses and Cancer Plant Viruses Virion Morphology

18、Plant Virus Taxonomy Plant Virus Reproduction Transmission of Plant Viruses Viruses of Fungi and Algae Insect Viruses Vioids and Prions Part V Pathogenicity of Microorganisms Host-Paracyte Relationships Pathogenesis of Viral Diseases Entry , Contact, and Primary Replication Viral Spread and Cell Tropism Cell Injury and Clinical Illness Recovery from Infection Virus Shedding Pathogenesis of Bacteria