2012屆高三英語單項(xiàng)選擇考點(diǎn)精講精練-非謂語動詞

1、嘉興英語教學(xué)網(wǎng) 收集整理 歡迎使用2012屆高三英語第二輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)精講精煉第8講 單項(xiàng)選擇非謂語動詞非謂語動詞的類別和句法功能 非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)非謂語動詞的固定搭配 非謂語動詞邏輯主語的表達(dá)形式和否定形式非謂語動詞和謂語動詞的選擇(延邊F)經(jīng)典易錯題會診(延邊F)命題角度l(延邊F)非渭語動詞的類別和句法功能1. (延邊F) (典型例題精選 ) I think you' 11 grow him when you know him better. A. liking B. to be like C. to like D. to be liking (延邊F) 考場錯解 A (延邊F

2、) 專家把脈 動詞grow有“達(dá)到做某事的程度或地步”的含義，后面常接不定式。按照句意應(yīng)該是“喜歡上他”的動詞like而不是“像他”的介詞like。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 C2. (延邊F) (典型例題精選) It' s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having (延邊F) 考場錯解A或B (延邊F) 專家把脈 根據(jù)語境選用非謂語動詞來充當(dāng)主語。動名詞做主語表示一

3、般的行為動作，而不定式做主語則表示具體的。動名詞一般式所表示的動作與謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或是在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后發(fā)生。如果動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前則用動名詞的完成式。顯然，這里不符合完成式的含義。 (延邊F) (延邊F) 對癥下藥 D3. (典型例題精選 ) Oil prices have risen by 32 per cent since the start of the year, a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be

4、reaching (延邊F) 考場錯解 C (延邊F) 專家把脈 本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的用法?，F(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語是表示自然而然的現(xiàn)象；不定式作結(jié)果狀語是表示出乎意料的現(xiàn)象，因油價從年初已開始上升四月份時已達(dá)到了記錄。因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 B4. (延邊F) (典型例題精選 cousin came to see me from the country. me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought (延邊F) 考場錯解 A (延邊F) 專家把脈

5、 本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語的用法。分詞與主動詞沒有先后之分，為伴隨狀語。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 B5. (延邊F) (典型例題精選 There have been several new events to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added (延邊F) 考場錯解 B (延邊F) 專家把脈 本題考查過去分詞短語做定語的用法，過去分詞作定語有被動的含義。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 D6. (延邊F) (典型例題精選Five people won the "Chi

6、na' s Green Figure" award, a title to ordinary people their con tributions to environmental protection. A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given (延邊F) 考場錯解 B (延邊F) 專家把脈 本題考查過去分詞做定語的用法，同時考查了對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的理解。a tifle是the“Chlnas Green Figure”award的同位語，動詞give與title是被動關(guān)系。因此本題應(yīng)選C。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 C7. (

7、延邊F) (典型例題精選on' t sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing (延邊F) 考場錯解 B (延邊F) 專家把脈 現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語，表示與動詞sit同時發(fā)生。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 C(延邊F)專家會診非謂語動詞句法功能的注意事項(xiàng)： 不定式 1(延邊F)介詞后的動詞不定式只限于作介詞except和but的賓語，此時except/but意為“除了，除去”。其主要搭配有： cannot help(choose)but+動詞原形：不能不

8、do nothing but+動詞原形：只做 There is nothingto do but+動詞原形：只有做 have no choice but to do：只有做 如： The last bus having gone，I coulddonothingbut go home on foot。(省略 to) I cannot choose lint tell him the truth(省略to) She could do nothing but leave(省略拋) I have no choice but to cry(不能省略to) 2(延邊F)不定式作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在

9、著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。如果作定語的不定式是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是其動作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后須有相應(yīng)的。介詞。但名詞way除外。如： He is not a man to tell lies(主謂關(guān)系) The boy has a nice pen to write with We found a way to solve this problem(in) 通常使用不定式作定語的情況有：(1)不定式表示將來；(2)用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no， all，any等限定詞的中心詞。(3)用來修飾一些抽象名詞，常見的有：ability，disability，chanc

10、e，idea， fact，eXCUSe，promise，answer，reply，attempt，be her，way，reason，time等。如：During my holiday I burrowed some books to read(表將來) She Was the first woman to Will the gold medal in the 0lvmpic Games(有序數(shù)詞修飾) I have no chance to escape(修飾抽象名詞) Do you havethe abilityto read French?(修飾抽象名詞) 3(延邊F)不定式作狀語時可以

11、表示目的、原因、結(jié)果。表示目的時可用in order to，so as to換用。如： He sat down to have a rest(表目的) He woke up to find everybody gone(表結(jié)果) Im very pleased to hear from him(表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、樂) He Was too excited to say a word(表程度) He is old enough to go to school(表程度) 過去分詞、不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作定語的區(qū)別： 這三種形式作定語，主要是體現(xiàn)在動作發(fā)生的時間上的區(qū)別。過去分詞表示

12、的動作或是在謂語所表示的動作之前或是沒有一定的時間性；現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作定語時表示的動作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；不定式的被動式作定語時，表示一個未來的動作。如： The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero(將要修建的) The bridgebeingbuiltis named Stone in honor of the hero(正在修建的) The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero(已經(jīng)修建了的)" Have you read

13、 the novel written by Dickens?(在謂語之前) He is a teacher loved and respected by all students(沒有時間性) Listen!The song sung is very popular with the young men(表正在)The questiontion to be discussed at the Sunday meet ing is very important(表將來) 在英語中，表示“感覺狀態(tài)”的動詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞形式作表語和定語時，現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人感到”，指主語或被修飾的詞給人的感覺；過

14、去分詞表示“感到”，指主語或被修飾的詞本身的感覺。如： interesting令人感興趣的：interested感到有興趣的 exciting令人感到激動的；excited感到激動的 shocking令人感到震驚的；shocked感到震驚的 過去分詞、不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別： 1(延邊F)感官動詞(see，look at，watch，notice，obselwe，hear，listen to，feel)和使役動詞(have，lel， make)后的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式，即原形動詞(不帶to的不定式)，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動和正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示被動完成，不定式表示主動和完

15、成。注意：make不能接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。如： l heard her sing a Chinese song jut now(表示主動，完成) I heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed her room last night(表示正在進(jìn)行) I heard the Chinese song sung many times(表示被動) The captain got/have the soldiers moving to- ward the front after a shon rest(不能用make) 注意：不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表

16、示完成和狀態(tài)。如： I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone(表示狀態(tài)) I Was surprised to find my hometown chanoed a lot(表示完成) 2(延邊F)動詞leave后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時，表達(dá)的具體含義是“使處于某種狀態(tài)”。如： lt is wrong for you to leave the machine run- ning(主動，正在進(jìn)行) The guests left most of the dishes untouched。(被動，完成) My workmate left,l

17、eaving me to do all the rest work(主動，將來) My workmate left1eaving all the rest work to be done(被動，將來) 過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別： 1(延邊F)一般來說，過去分詞表示被動完成的動作，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動進(jìn)行的動作。如： Seen from a distance the mountain looked like a man Seeing the mountain，he always thinks of his hometown 2(延邊F)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動一般式表示正在進(jìn)行的被動動作，過去分詞表示被

18、動完成的動作。如： Being belped by the teacher，she will leam English well HelPed by the teacher, she has learned English well. 3(延邊F)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動完成式表示先于謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作，過去分詞所表示的動作，有時發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，有時與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，有時表示未來的被動動作或狀態(tài)。如： Having been used for a long time, the watch needs to be mended. Used in this way, the word shouldn&

19、#39; t be taken as a verb. Given more time, we will finish the work peffectly. 垂懸分詞作狀語 垂懸分詞是現(xiàn)在分詞一種特殊用法，其邏輯主語是句子非主語部分中指人或物的某一名詞或代詞，或泛指“我們”。如： Searehing along the street， it had taken him a long time to find a clinie(searching的邏輯主語是句中him所指的人) Walking or sleeping，this subjeet is always in my mind(walki

20、ng or sleeping的邏輯主語是句中my所指的“我”) Using the eleetric energy，it is necessary to change its form(using的邏輯主語泛指“我們”)(延邊F)考場思維訓(xùn)練1 (延邊F) When last valuable, those books enjoyed great Success. A. finding B. foundC. being found D. to be found1B解析：相當(dāng)于when last the books were found valuable。2 (延邊F) How pleased

21、the detective was what his customer told him ! A. hearing B. to hearC. heard D. to hearing2B解析：be pleased to do sth3 (延邊F) I'll thank you my affairs alone. I will. It is none of my business. A. to have left B. for leavingC. to leave D. for having left3c解析：這里不是thank you for(doing)sth結(jié)構(gòu)，是謝謝的前提。(延邊

22、F)命題角度2(延邊F)非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1. (延邊F) (典型例題精選 ) Is Bob still performing? I' m afraid not. He is said the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left(延邊F) 考場錯解C或B(延邊F) 專家把脈 從句意判斷，動作leave后有already修飾，應(yīng)當(dāng)用完成式；其邏輯主語是he，不存在被動，故選項(xiàng) A最佳。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥

23、A2. (延邊F) (典型例題精選) in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost CBeing lost DLosing (延邊F) 考場錯解 A (延邊F) 專家把脈 受到for a week的影響，考生容易誤選 A。這里非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是the two students，而 lose是及物動詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)用被動來表示，或是lose oneself結(jié)構(gòu)。選項(xiàng)A如果改成Having been lost也是正確答案。 (延邊F

24、) 對癥下藥 B3. (延邊F) (典型例題精選 ) I send you 100 dollars today, the rest in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed (延邊F) 考場錯解 A (延邊F) 專家把脈 本題很容易誤選A，把它當(dāng)作謂語動詞。句意是“今天我送你100美元，其余的等一年之后”，相當(dāng)于定語從句which will follow it的省略。這里動詞follow是指“某事在時間或空間上在其他事物之后”的含義。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 C4. (延邊F) (典型例題精選Police a

25、re now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday. A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost (延邊F) 考場錯解 B (延邊F) 專家把脈 由since引出的短語可判定用不定式的完成結(jié)構(gòu)，由句意知，“還沒有找到那位婦女”，故應(yīng)用完成進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)，選A。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 A5. (延邊F) (典型例題精選) from other continents for millions

26、of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other county in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated (延邊F) 考場錯解A或B (延邊F) 專家把脈 從題意看，澳大利亞與其他大陸分開有很多年了，動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，又是被動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式是最合適的. (延邊F) 對癥下藥 C6. (延邊F) (典型例題精選 AIDS is said

27、 the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been (延邊F) 考場錯解 B (延邊F) 專家把脈 本題考查的句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，常用不定式，由句中over the past few years可知，不定式表示的動作先于主句動作，因此選不定式的完成時形式，D項(xiàng)正確。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 D7. (延邊F) (典型例題精選 The Chinese are pr

28、oud of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held (延邊F) 考場錯解 A (延邊F) 專家把脈 從題意看，the 29th Olymple Games還沒舉辦，又是被動關(guān)系，選D。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 D(延邊F)專家會診1 (延邊F)動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，一般使用不定式的被動語態(tài)，形式有一般式和完成式(進(jìn)行式?jīng)]有被動式)。如： Her father disappeared，never to be heard

29、 from again(hearfrom和his father之間是被動關(guān)系) rhe book is said to have been translated into many languages(translate和the book之間是被動關(guān)系) 注意：不定式中使用主動代替被動的情況： (1)不定式與所修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，往往用主動形式。如： I havent got a key to unlock the door(to unlock the door的邏輯主語是a key) (2)不定式與所修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，又和主語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時，不定式往往

30、用主動形式。如： I havent got a book to read(I為不定式的邏輯主語，a book為不定式的邏輯賓語) (3)不定式作表語形容詞的狀語，和句中的主語構(gòu)成了邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，不定式多用主動，實(shí)際上形容詞后省略了for one或for people。如：The book is difficult (for me) to understand. He is hard (for me) to work with. (4)在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果考慮必須有人去完成某事時，用主動；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)事情本身必須完成時，用被動。如： There is a 10t of work to

31、be done(工作被做) There is a 10t ofwork to do(需要人去做) 2，(延邊F)動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 動名詞一般式所表示的動作與謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或是在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后發(fā)生。如果動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，則用動名詞的完成式。如果動名詞的邏輯主語是動名詞動作的承受者，這時用動名詞的被動式。如： We are interested inplayingchess(同時) She is looking forward to hearing from you again(之后) lm sorry for not having kept my

32、promise(之前) The little boy was afraid of being left at home alone(被動) The house showed no sign of having been dam- aged(之前，被動)(延邊F)考場思維訓(xùn)練 1 (延邊F)There is no doubt that hiking is good for the retired couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. seeingC. to be seen D. seen1c解析：不定式和邏

33、輯主語是被動關(guān)系。 2 (延邊F) in 1963, and in Philadelphia, Charles Petti grew so impressed his teachers that he was sent to Barklee School to study Jazz. A. Being born; having raised B. Born ; raised C. Was born; was raised D. Born ; raising2B解析：沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)時間的先后。3 (延邊F) I regret you John has been fired. I can hardly

34、believe my ears. He is such a fine work er, A. telling B. having toldC. to tell D. to have told3c解析：在謂語動作之后發(fā)生。(延邊F)命題角度3(延邊F)非謂語動詞的固定搭配1. (延邊F) ( 典型例題精選 ) What should ! do with this passage? _ the main idea of each paragraph. A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out (延邊F) 考場錯解 D (延邊F)

35、專家把脈 如果理解成表示目的的不定式就會誤選D。根據(jù)語境是回答對方的問題“做什么”，回答時，這里用祈使語氣。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 C2. (延邊F) (典型例題精選 ) When asked by the police, he said that heremember at the party, but not A. to arrive ; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave (延邊F) 考場錯解 B (延邊F) 專家把脈forget/remember/regret to do忘&

36、quot;/L/'L住/后悔去做某事；forget/remember/regret doing忘記/記得/后悔已經(jīng)做過某事。根據(jù)語境，動作已發(fā)生，應(yīng)用動名詞，同時but后要和前文保持一致。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 C3. (延邊F) (典型例題精選) He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn' t risk the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost (延邊F) 考場錯解 D (延邊F) 專家把脈 本題考查特殊

37、動詞后只能跟動名詞作賓語的用法。常見的這類動詞有，delay，enjoy，escape， finish，imagine，miss，mind，practice，risk等。本題中由于he與lose之間為主謂關(guān)系，所以不能用被動語態(tài)。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 B4(延邊F) (典型例題精選The parents suggested in thehotel room but there kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept (延邊F) 考場錯解 B

38、(延邊F) 專家把脈 suggest表示建議時后面跟動名詞作賓語。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 C5. (延邊F) (典型例題精選 can't stand with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works.A. working ; stopping B. to work ; stopping C. working ; to stop D. to work ; to stop (延邊F) 考場錯解 D (延邊F) 專家把脈cant stand后跟動名詞作賓語，refuse后跟不定式作賓語。 (延邊F

39、) 對癥下藥 C(延邊F)專家會診英語中非謂語動詞的固定搭配是因詞而定，沒有固定的規(guī)律。考生只有牢記它們的形式，才能成功破題。 1(延邊F)下列動詞或動詞短語后面只接動名詞作賓語： admit, allow, appreciate, avoid ， consider ( 考慮 ) , delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss ( 錯過 ) , practice, risk, resist, suggest, suffer 等動詞 ; be used to ( 習(xí)慣于 ) , insist o

40、n, can' t help ( 情不自禁 ) , can' t stand ( 無法忍受 ) , give up, feel like, keep on, look forward to， put off, devote to, stick to, object to, thank you for, be busy ( in), get down to, lead to, see to, have difficult / trouble(in) , have a good / wonderful / hard time (in) 等動詞詞組。 2(延邊F)下列動詞或動詞短語后

41、面能接動名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別： forget/remember/regret to do忘記/記住/后悔去做某事 forget/remember/regret doing忘記/記得/后悔已經(jīng)做過某事 stop to do停下來接著做另一件事；stop doing停止做一件事 mean to do意欲、企圖做某事；mean doing意味著做某事 go onto do做完某事接著做另一件事；go on do_ ing繼續(xù)做同一件事 try to do努力、試圖做某事：try doing嘗試著做某事 3(延邊F)有些短語作狀語是固定結(jié)構(gòu)： judging from, generall

42、y/frankly/honestly/strict- ly speaking, considering ( that ). ( 考慮到 ) , supposing / providing ( that). ( 假如 ) , seeing( that). ( 既然，由于 ) , to tell you the truth, to make things worse,to begin with(首先，第一) 。始: Judging from his accent， be must be a southerner. Turning to the left， he saw a bus passing.

43、 Considering everything， he did a good job. Seeing (that) she is lawfully old enough to get married， I don't see how you can stop her.(延邊F)考場思維訓(xùn)練1 (延邊F)I lost my way in complete darkness and, matters worse, it began to rain. A. made B. having madeC. making D. to make1D解析：to make maReworse是固定搭配，意

44、為“情況更糟糕的是”。2 (延邊F)The result was not made until last Sunday. A. to know B. knowingC. known D. to be known2c解析：改成主動句"They didnt make the result known untillast Sunday”即知是分詞充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)。3 (延邊F)When he got off the bus, he found his pocket . A. stolen B. pickedC. gone D. missing3B解析：pick ones pocket意為“扒某人口

45、袋”，這里是have sthdone句型。(延邊F)命題角度4(延邊F)非謂語動詞邏輯主語的表is形式和否定形式1. (延邊F) (典型例題精選徽)I really can't understand her like that. A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating (延邊F) 考場錯解A或B (延邊F) 專家把脈 本題題干相當(dāng)于I really cant understand why you treated her like that而understand不能用于under- stand sbto do s

46、th結(jié)構(gòu)中。這里用動名詞形式，you是其邏輯主語。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 D2. (延邊F) (典型例題精選 ) While watching television, A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rang (延邊F) 考場錯解 B (延邊F) 專家把脈 本題考查分詞短語的逆向使用。因題干用了watching。由此可知該句主語為人，可排除A、B。又因hear為感官動詞，其后用動詞原形作賓補(bǔ)，所以本題選C。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 C

47、3. (延邊F) (典型例題精選When different cultures, we of ten pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared (延邊F) 考場錯解 A (延邊F) 專家把脈 本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語與主句主語一致并且同時發(fā)生。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 C4. (延邊F) (典型例題精選Faced with a bill for $

48、 10,000, _ A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John (延邊F) 考場錯解 D (延邊F) 專家把脈 分詞短語做狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致。本句意為John面臨萬元賬單，因而找了一份額外工作。 (延邊F) 對癥下藥 A(延邊F)專家會診非謂語動詞的邏輯主語也就是非謂語動詞的動作執(zhí)行者。在不定式中，邏輯主語是of或for的介詞賓語，或是句子

49、的主語，或是句子的賓語。如： It is important for us to work hard. ( to work is important, 只能用 for) It is kind of you to help me to clean the room.(you are kind, 只能用 of) We want to go with you to have a picnic. Little Tom liked to be taken to the cinema. I want the report to be typed as quickly as possi-. ble. The

50、 manager asked me to type the report as quickly as possible. 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作主語時，其邏輯主語必須是形容詞性物主代詞或名詞的所有格；作賓語、表語時，其邏輯主語是形容詞性物主代詞、人稱代詞、名詞的所有格或普通格；無生命名詞或有生命的名詞表示泛指時，必須用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞的賓格。如： Tom's coming surprised all of us. (主語) His not attending the meeting made the manager very angry. ( 主語 ) Would you mind me / my opening the window?(賓語) They all thought Tom' s / Tom going there a great mistake. (賓語) Is there any hope of their team winning the game？（無生命 )I have never heard of women landing the moon.(有生命，但表泛指) 分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語和主句的主語是一致的，如果不同則要用到獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式：邏輯主語(名詞