初中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)之冠詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)及鞏固練習(xí)

1、初中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)之冠詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)及鞏固練習(xí)冠詞是一種輔助性的詞，不可在句中獨(dú)立擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分。放在名詞前，幫助說明名詞的含義，使用極為頻繁。冠詞有不定冠詞(a, an) 和定冠詞(the)兩種。a和an的基本含義是“一，一個(gè)”，表示泛指，不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目觀念，只表示名詞不是特定的；the的基本含義是“這個(gè)，那個(gè)”，表示特指，在可數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用。冠詞本身是虛詞，沒有意義，同時(shí)也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義第一節(jié) 知識(shí)點(diǎn)概述 一、不定冠詞 不定冠詞用a還是an由后面一個(gè)詞的首音（不是輔音字母）決定。以元音開頭的詞前用an，以輔音（包括半元音，不是元音字母）開頭的詞前用

2、a。例如： 輔音字母開頭：a tree, a university, a house, a European country, a one-eyed man 元音或半元音開頭：an apple, an umbrella, an hour, an elephant, an opera 值得注意的是：1 如果不定冠詞后面第一個(gè)詞以元音字母u開頭就用a。例如university, useless, useful, unit, uniform。2如果不定冠詞后面第一個(gè)詞以不發(fā)音的h開頭，而h后面第一個(gè)音的音素是元音因素，就用an。例如hour, honest。 3如果不定冠詞和名詞前有其他詞，不定冠詞

3、的形式仍取決于它后面第一個(gè)詞的語音形式。例如an actress, a beautiful actress。 不定冠詞的用法如下： 1用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示一類人或事物，如： A dictionary is a useful book. An underground train can start and stop quickly. 2說明某人或某東西屬于哪一類，如： This is a book. He used to be an engineer. 3泛指某人或某物，但未具體說明何人、何物，如： A boy is waiting for me. Give me a pen, please

4、. 4表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，如： Behind the house there is a garden. once a week. 5用于某些固定詞組中，如：a few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a hurry, for a while, for a long time, a cup of, a bottle of, have a rest, have a talk, have a fever, have a good time, have(take) a walk, have a toothache, take

5、 a bath, give a lesson 二、定冠詞 定冠詞的用法如下： 1指彼此都知道的人或事物，如： Open the door, please. Go and close the window. 2特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，如： The girl in red is my sister. The man over there is our English teacher. The book on the desk is mine. 3指前面提到過的人或事物，如： Here is a picture of a modern car factory. My father works

6、in the factory.4用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前,在方位詞前。如： The Nile is the longest river in the world. He won the first prize. The sun rises in the east. 5用在某些名詞化的形容詞，過去分詞前，表示一類人或事物， 如： the rich, the sick, the new , the false6用在某些專用名詞前，如： the Great Wall the Peoples Republic of China the United Nations the Netherlands 7

7、在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面，如： the North China Plain the Rocky Mountains the Yangtse River 8在一些用語中，如： in the morning(/afternoon/evening), in the day, by the way, on the whole, the next morning, all the year around, the other day, at the same time 三、不用冠詞的情況1在不含普通名詞或只有一個(gè)普通名詞專有名詞前，如：China, Beihai Park2名詞前面已有

8、用作定語的 this, that, my, your, some, any 等代詞前，如： The letter is from my father. I have a book in my hand.3在復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)，如： Horses are useful animals. I like cakes.4在節(jié)日名稱，(稱呼語和表示官銜的名詞前)星期、月份、季節(jié)前。如： Today is Sunday. Spring is the best season in the year. Childrens Day 5在某些固定搭配和習(xí)慣用語中，如：go to school , be i

9、n hospital, be in prison6一天三餐，球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前，如: I like to play basketball. We have lunch at school.第二節(jié) 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 一、例題選講例1 There is _“h” in _word “photo” A. a，a B. an，the C. the，an D. an，an答案：B提示：h雖然是輔音字母，但發(fā)的音是元音音素開頭的，因此要用an，而word 是特指，所以后面要用the。例2 She is _ honest girl A. an B. a C. / D. the答案：A提示：“honest”中h是不發(fā)音

10、的，因此這個(gè)單詞是元音音素開頭的。例3 He goes to school after _ breakfast A. / B. the C. an D. a答案： A提示：在表示三頓飯前不用定冠詞。 例4 _ Browns are going to visit _Yangtse River. It is _ longest river in _China and _third longest river in _world A. Thethethethethethe B. Thethethe/thethe C. /thethethe/the D. The/thethethethe答案：B提示：

11、the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示一家人，在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面要用定冠詞the，而形容詞最高級(jí)前面通常要加定冠詞the，the+序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)表示第幾，而in the world表示在世界上。 二、復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需要注意的要點(diǎn) (1) 在school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, class, table, bed等表示機(jī)構(gòu)名稱、組織名稱和家具的名詞前，用定冠詞和用不定冠詞意義有差異。用定冠詞強(qiáng)調(diào)處所，而不用定冠詞意義有所引申。比較：at table 就餐at the table 坐在桌邊 go to school 去上學(xué)

12、go to the school 去這個(gè)學(xué)校in hospital 住院in the hospital 在這家醫(yī)院go to prison （違法而）進(jìn)監(jiān)獄go to the prison 到監(jiān)獄go to church 做禮拜go to the church 到教堂in class 在課堂上in the class 在班級(jí)里 (2)在某些詞前用不同冠詞（定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞），意義大不相同，例如：a little/few 有一點(diǎn)little/few 幾乎沒有a number of 許多the number of 的數(shù)目in front of 在前面in the front of 在前部t

13、ake place 發(fā)生take the place of 代替out of the question 根本不可能out of question 沒有問題the most beautiful 最漂亮most beautiful 非常漂亮for a moment 片刻for the moment 暫時(shí) 第三節(jié) 鞏固練習(xí)I. 選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?. -Wheres _ nearest bookstore? -Theres one at _ end of the street. A. thean B. athe C. thethe D. aan2. -What do you think of _ fi

14、lm “National Treasure”? -Its _ wonderful film, I think. A. aa B. athe C. thethe D. Thea3. S.H.E is going to sing at _CCTV annual Spring Festival Evening Party A. a B. an C. the D. /4. There is _“h” in the word “photo”. A. a B. an C. the D. /5. Please pay attention to your spelling. Youve dropped _“m

15、” here. A. the B. an C. a D. /6. He is _honest boy. A.an B. a C. the D. /7. He greeted me with “Good morning!” and led me to the doctors office.A. the B. an C. a D. one8. Sudan I (蘇丹紅) is _ red dye used for colouring oils, shoes, floor polishes and so on. A. / B. an C. the D. a9. Finding corundum (金

16、剛砂) was _ surprise because its the second hardest mineral on Earth A. / B. an C. the D. a10. Tom often plays _football after _school. A. aa B. thethe C. / D. anan11. They have _lunch at school. A.a B. the C. / D. an12. They went to Nanjing by _ train. A. a B. an C. the D. /13. Grandpa was in _ hospi

17、tal. Father often went to _ hospital to take care of him. A. thethe B. the/ C. aa D. /the14. Five years ago her brother was _ university students of _ physics. A. athe B. anthe C. an/ D. a/ 15. She bought _ camera. It is _old one. A. a , a B. the, the C. a, an D. a, X16. _ Peoples Square is located

18、in _center of Shanghai. A. The a B. Athe C. Aa D. The the17. Its very cold. Mother is making _ fire. A. a B. the C. X D. an18. You missed _ “ h “ in the word “honest”. A. a B. the C. X D. an19. There were _ few people in the street, though it was raining hard. A. a B. X C. the D. an20. _Pacific Ocean is _ largest ocean in _ world. A. Aaa B. Thethethe C. The theX D. X