名詞性從句總結(jié)與練習

1、詞性從句總結(jié)與練習（附答案）導入：英語句子一般結(jié)構(gòu)：1）主語+謂語(vt.)+賓語(+補語+狀語) 2）主語+系動詞+表語 3）主語+謂語（vi.）賓語和表語有什么不同?一個名詞跟在及物動詞后是賓語,跟在系動詞后是表語.主題：名詞性從句：名詞性從句是由連接詞whether, if,that和各種疑問代詞或副詞what,who,which,where, when,how, why等充當連接詞所引導的從句, 其功能同名詞一樣。包括賓從，表從，主從和同位語從句。四種從句的共性:1.引導詞基本一樣,如that , whether, when ,where, how. 但as if引導的是表語從句.2.

2、陳述句語序.3.疑問代詞,疑問副詞保留自身的疑問含義,如疑問代詞who在賓語從句中仍譯為是誰,疑問副詞where譯為哪里.4.which表示選擇,that無意義5. what引導名詞性從句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語,賓語,表語,而that在句子中只起連接作用。例如： (1) What you said yesterday is right. (2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.練習：用That/What填空： 1._ she is to visit the lonely island surprises us. 2._ she is to do

3、next week surprises us. 一賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句, 通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之后。如：I dont remember when we arrived.賓語從句特點：1有引導詞that ，whether, if, who, whose, what ,which ,when ,where, how, why .在賓語從句中的that可以省略，第2次出現(xiàn)就不能省。如：He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.2.在及物動詞或介詞

4、之后。3陳述句語序.如:The photographs will show you what our village looks like.4引導詞that與what的區(qū)別。what引導賓語從句在從句中充當句子成分,如主語,賓語,表語,而that在句子中只起連接作用,無意義。例如： (1) I know that he will come. (2) I dont know what he will choose.5.whether與if同用, 但介詞后用whether. It all depends (on) whether they will support us.Lily wanted t

5、o know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .二.表語從句 在從句中作表語的從句稱作表語從句。表語從句特點：1有引導詞that ，whether, as if, who, what ,which ,when ,where, how, why .在表語從句中的that不能省。2.放在系動詞之后, 表示狀態(tài)持續(xù)，變化的系動詞有be, stay, keep, remain, get, become, seem,go,感官動詞也屬系動詞如look, sound, taste, smell, feel.等. 3陳述句語序. 4引導詞that與what

6、的區(qū)別。what引導表語從句在從句中充當句子成分,如主語,賓語,表語,而that在句子中只起連接作用,5.表語從句可用whether引導,不用if.6. 有用結(jié)構(gòu)： 1）This/That/It is because 2）The reason is that練一練：1）He was late for school. That was _he got up late2）The reason why he was late for school is _he got up late.3）. China isnt _ she used to be4）. The question is _ you d

7、idnt do that in time.because ，that ，what ，that三.主語從句 在從句中作主語的從句稱作主語從句。主語從句特點：1有引導詞that ，whether, who, what ,which ,when ,where, how, why .一般情況下主語從句中的that不省略.2.為了避免頭重腳輕,往往用it代替主語從句,放在句首,如 It is + 名詞/形容詞/過去分詞+ 主語從句 （有用句型:） It is reported/said/still a question/ that 如: It is still a question whether sh

8、e will come or not.It is strange that you should like him. It is said / reported that he is the winner.3陳述句語序.4引導詞that與what的區(qū)別。what引導主語從句在從句中充當句子成分,如主語,賓語,表語,而that在句子中只起連接作用5. whether引導的主語從句可以放在句首, if不能.6.注意： whoever(凡是的人)引導主從和狀從, who(誰) 引導主從 no matter who(無論是誰)只引導狀從(=whoever)1）_ will go comes here

9、at 7.2）_ will go isnt known.3）_breaks the law must be punished.4）_ breaks the law, he must be punished.5）It _ that what you said is not so reasonable.( 必須指出) 6） It _ that Bush is elected President. （結(jié)果是） 7）.It _ whether Tom or Mary teaches us English. (無區(qū)別) 1.Whoever; 2.Who; 3.whoever; 4.whoever/No

10、matter who 5.must be pointed out 6.turned out7.makes no difference 四.同位語從句 一般放在名詞 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion, report, hope, belief 等之后,用以說明或解釋前面的名詞. 如：The news that our team has won the match is true.如:1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should

11、 try a second time is worth considering.3.They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.同位語從句特點：1連接詞that雖在從句中不充當任何成分,但不省略.2先行詞通常是一些具有一定內(nèi)容含義的概括性名詞如:conclusion, evidence, fact, hope, idea, word(news), opinion, problem, promise, reason, truth, 等.3that 無實際意義,which表選擇 Word came _ o

12、ur army defeated the enemy.4. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引導同位語從句.I have no idea where he has gone./ I have no idea when he did it./I have no idea what he did.5. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：a.同位語從句與定語從句的相似之處1）、兩種從句都可以譯成定語The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位語從句）我們隊取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that

13、 you told us is really encouraging.（定語從句）你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。2）、兩種從句都可以用that引導The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位語從句）學生應(yīng)該學些實用的東西的建議值得考慮。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定語從句）值得考慮的建議是學生應(yīng)該學些實用

14、的東西。b、同位語從句與定語從句的不同之處1）、從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進一步說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句用來修飾、限定前面的名詞。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（從句說明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊取得了決賽勝利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（從句對“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）2）、引導從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導同位語從句時是一個純連詞，不充當任何成

15、分；而引導定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充當任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise，又在從句中充當主語。）注：名詞性從句中的whether與if 的總結(jié)： 關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用whether不能用if 表示 “是否”的情況如下：A) 在表語從句和同位語從句中。如：The ques

16、tion is whether the film is worth seeing. The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.B) 在主語從句中，只有用it 作形式主語時, whether和if 都能引導主語從句, 否則, 也只能用whether。如: Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. It hasnt been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.C) 在介詞之后。(介詞往往可以

17、省略) 如:It all depends (on) whether they will support us.D) 后面直接跟動詞不定式時。如： He doesnt know whether to stay or not.E) 后面緊接or not 時。如：We didnt know whether or not she was ready. 關(guān)聯(lián)詞if, whether均可使用的情況如下：A) 引導賓語從句。如：I wonder if (whether) the news is true or not.B) 在 “be+形容詞” 之后。如：He was not sure whether (i

18、f) it is right or wrong. 免歧義時: 表是否就用Whether表如果則用ifI dont care about _ Tom used to be a prisoner. whether鞏固練習：1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I have no idea _he

19、will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. that4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will c

20、ome for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. which7.The photographs will show you _ （MET89）A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like8.He asked_for a violin.（MET92）A. did I pay how much B.

21、 I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid9.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how10.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that11.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because

22、 C. why ; that D. that; because12. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because13. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if14. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, ther

23、e is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that15. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon16. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He bro

24、ke D. His break17.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A.how B. that C. when D. what18.- Can I help you? - Yes, do you know _? A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes19. He made a promise _ anyone set him free

25、he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if20. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what21. That is _ paper came into use in China.A. how B. that C. what D. which22. They have no idea

26、 at all _.A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place had he gone D. where has he gone23. His suggestion _ to see the exhibition interested everyone of us.A. that we go B. which we should go C. that we would go D. when we should go24. Ive got to make _ he told a lie.A. that clear B. it cl

27、ear that C. quite clear D. this clear that25. Word came _his poem won the first prize.A. that B. whether C. as D. because翻譯：1 )他說的話打動了我。 (subject Clause)2)事實是我從未到過那兒。(Appositive Clause)3)顯而易見，英語很重要。(Subject Clause)4)問題是我們下一步該怎么辦。(Predicative Clause)5)瑪麗認為他會幫助她。(Object Clause)6)人們認為運動會會按計劃舉行。 (Subjec

28、t Clause) Key:1-8 BABAC CBD 9-20CDCAB DBAAD DA 21-25 AA ABAWhat he said moved me The fact is that I have never been there It is clear that English is very important. The problem is what we should do nextMary thinks that he will help her. It is believed that the sports meet will be held as planned名詞性

29、從句大掃描內(nèi)容簡介：1、名詞性從句簡介2、名詞性從句 難點強化3、名詞性從句典型錯誤4、走出名詞性從句的“誤區(qū)”5、名詞性從句考點歸納6、 1987-2006年高考試題中的名詞性從句分析下列各句：1. That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round.2. Whether he will come hasnt been decided. = It hasnt been decided whether he will come.3. Who let out the news remained unknown

30、. = It remained unknown who let out the news.4. Why he didnt come here is not clear to anyone. = It is not clear to anyone why he didnt come here.5. Whenever the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.一名詞性從句簡介1、主語從句主語從句在從句中作主語，主語從句可以位于句首，但常見的主語從句多放在句末，句首則用形式主語it。注意：連詞that, whether在從句

31、中不擔任句子成分，只起連接作用，不能省略。并且whether引導主語從句時不能用if代替。注意：who, which, how, when, where, why在所引導的主語從句中可擔任主語，賓語，狀語，不能省略?？梢杂眯问街髡Zit引導。注意：who, whom, which, what等可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，引導主語從句和賓語從句。此類主語從句不能用it引導，引導詞在句中擔任句子成分，不能省略。另外，有的“It 主語從句”已成為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。如：a. It is +名詞從句 It is a pity that we cant go.b. It is 形容詞從句 It is clear th

32、at Tom has returned.c. It is 過去分詞從句 It is said / reported / believed / known 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：(1）It is said /reported結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. ×(2）It happens/occurs結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例

33、如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. That he failed in the examination occurred to him. ×(3）It doesnt matter how/whether 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. ×(4）含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如： Is it likely

34、that it will rain in the evening? Is that will rain in the evening likely? ×(5) if引導的主語從句Does it matter if he cant finish the job on time?If she likes the present is not clear to me. × 1I dont know what I was thinking of. I wonder if I might give you a necklace. .2. I expect （that）I shall

35、be back on Sunday.3. He doesnt want it to be known that he is going away.4. I consider it necessary that he should do it again.5. I dont think he will see you. I dont believe he will go.6. We dont expect he is coming. I dont think he can do it, can he?7. I dont think he can do it, can he? I dont thi

36、nk you are right, are you?8. I insisted that he （should）do it at once. She suggested that the work （should）be finished at once.9. The teacher is satisfied with what I said.10. Im afraid that I will be late. Im glad that you passed the exam.2、賓語從句在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句是賓語從句1） 作動詞賓語在口語中，that引導賓語從句時常常省略。但兩個that從

37、句并列時后邊的that一般不省略。若有補語，則賓語從句要放到補語之后，在賓補前用形式賓語it.在think, believe, suppose, expect等動詞之后，賓語從句中謂語的否定常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語上。如：注：此種用法主句的主語必須是第一人稱I或we. 而且它的反意疑問句的助動詞由從句的助動詞來定。在suggest, insist, demand, order, require 等表示建議，命令，要求的動詞后，從句的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。如：2） 作介詞賓語3） 作afraid, glad, certain, sure等形容詞的賓語。 1. The rumour that there

38、 will be an earthquake soon spread all over the area.2. They have no hope that he will recover.3. I have no idea where they have gone.4. Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind.比較：The news that our team won the game is true. The news that you have heard isnt true. The news is that our

39、 team won the game.3同位語從句如果擔任同位語的是個句子，則這個句子是同位語從句。同位語從句表示先行名詞的具體內(nèi)容，能跟同位語從句的名詞常見的有news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, rumour, question, order, hope, thought, reply, problem, reason等。引導同位語從句常用連詞that，它在句中不擔任句子成分，沒有詞意。除that外，還有whether, when, where, who, what, which, why, how等?？梢砸龑徽Z從句。同位語從句與先行名詞有時也可以分開。注：

40、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：（1）同位語從句的先行名詞極為有限，而定語從句的先行詞則不計其數(shù)。（2）引導同位語從句的連詞that在句中不擔任句子成分，而引導定語從句的that則在從句中作主語，賓語等。引導同位語從句的wh一詞多具有疑問意義，而引導定語從句的wh一詞則沒有疑問意義。（3）同位語從句與先行名詞是等同關(guān)系，一個具體，一個抽象，兩者?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)述為主表關(guān)系，而定語從句與先行詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系。（4）when和where引導的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。when 和where前面的名詞若是表示時間、地點的名詞，則when和where引導的是定語從句，否則則為同位語從句。如：They put

41、 forward the question where they could get the money.This is the place where the accident happened. 1. The problem is where we can hold our meeting 問題是我們可以在哪兒舉行會議。2. It seems that everything goes smoothly .似乎一切都進行得很順利。3. The cause is that the temperature of water is lower that needed .其原因是水的溫度低于所需要的

42、溫度。4. That is what he really wants .那就是他真想要的東西。4表語從句 在句子中擔當表語的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)稱之為表語從句。它常位于句中聯(lián)系動詞或是起聯(lián)系動詞作用的動詞之后.1. be, seem, look等動詞后均可跟表語從句： It seems that it is going to rain. It looks as if it is going to rain.2. as if, because 也可引導表語從句。 It was because I got up late. 二、名詞性從句 難點強化1：表命令建議 的名詞后的表語從句。在order,(命令），s

43、uggestion, advice(建議）等的名詞后的表語從句中，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，即：”should+動詞原形“，should 常可省。如：His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.2.that.whether的區(qū)別: that 用于表示肯定的意義，而whether表疑問。I dont doubt that he will win. (Im sure) It doesnt matterIt makes no differenceIt is uncertainIt is no

44、t made clearIt is still a questionIt is not decided whetherIt is to be found outIt is to be decidedI doubt/wonder/have no idea/dont know3:名詞性從句皆用陳述語序。I wonder how much this pair of shoes costs.I want to know where you had put my pen.時態(tài) :(與間接引語基本一致) 如果主句是現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)可以不變，但如果主句是過去的時態(tài)，那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時

45、態(tài)。當從句是客觀真理,定義、公理、定理時用一般現(xiàn)在時。 賓： I know he lives here. He asked whether his father would come back. The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun. 表：That is what I was worried about two days ago. It looked as if it was going to rain.4:that 的省略that引導名詞性從句時只起連接從句的作用,本身沒有任何意義,因此在從句中不充當任何句子成分,它的使

46、用須注意以下幾點:主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。如：That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.賓語從句中的連接詞that有時可省有時又不可省，在以下幾種情況中that不能省略：（A）當that從句和主句謂語動詞之間有插入詞語或者從句主語之間有插入語時，that不可省略；（B）當that 從句與另一名詞性從

47、句并列作賓語時，that不能?。唬–）當that作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。如：He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine. Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.D.當主語為the reason時,注意應(yīng)用that 引導其表語從句,不能受漢語影響而誤用because。例如:The reason why he was

48、 late was that he missed the early bus. 他遲到的原因是他沒趕上早班車.(此句中的that不可用because代替)that從句作主語和賓語時，可以用it 來替換成以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)表達。(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that .（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that （D）It seems/happens that。如：It

49、 happened that I went out last night.It is said that China will win in the World Cup.that引導主語從句位于句首時不可省略.如果it作形式主語,而that從句置于句末, 這時that可以省略。例如:That he has lost his work is not true. 他丟了工作不是真的。=It is not true (that) he has lost his work.5: who, whoever, whom和whomever在引導名詞性從句時,在句中作主語時用who,意思是"誰&qu

50、ot;,含有疑問意味,whoever是它的強語勢"無論誰",不含有疑問意味。表示.的人，相當于the person who,或anyone whoWhoever breaks the law will be punished. 注意區(qū)別：疑問詞 + ever可引導名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當一定的部分。如：Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop.疑問詞 + ever還可引導讓步狀語從句。如：Whatever you do, you must

51、do it well.( = No matter what you do, you must do it well.)Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,(=No matter who breaks the law, he will be punished.)(讓步狀語，意為無論誰） no matter + 疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句。作賓語時用whom, 其相應(yīng)強語勢為whomever。判別時要根據(jù)句意以及在句中的語法功能來決定該用哪個引導詞。例如:Who has taken away my bag is unknown.誰拿走了我的包還

52、不知道。(若用Whoever顯然句意不通)Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight. 無論誰想看這部電影今晚可以和我們一起去.(Whoever wants 相當于Anybody who wants,意為"凡是想的人"。這里不可換為Who。)Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? 你們是否已經(jīng)決定提名誰作候選人了?You can give the ticket to whomever you like. 你可以把票給任何你想給的人

53、。6：because引導的表語從句Because 可以引導表語從句，但通常只用于”This/That/It i/was because”結(jié)構(gòu)中注意：在表語從句中,當reason做主語時,引導詞只能用that,不能用because, 即the reason is that the reason (why) is that如:The reason was that he didnt catch the early bus. 原因是因為他沒有趕上早班車。The reason why he is absent from work is that he is seriously ill.7: 注意wha

54、t/ that/ which引導詞與定語從句的引導詞的區(qū)別what與which引導名詞性從句時都在從句中充當句子的某一成份,如主語、表語、賓語或定語。what 表示泛指的事物,常譯為"什么"或"所的事物",what=all that, everything that在從句中作主，賓，表語。I dont believe what he said.(I dont believe all that he said.)whatever是它的強語勢"無論什么" 不能引導定語從句。E.g: I believe what (whatever) he

55、 says. 我相信他說的(不管他說什么我都相信)。that在所有的名詞性從句中都不作任何成分。That he is to take charge of our factory is already an open secret.which表示特定事物中的"哪一個(些)",一般情況下在從句中充當定語,后接名詞,在一定的語境中,它所修飾的名詞可以省略,whichever是它的強語勢"無論哪一個(些)"。 在名詞性從句中加上名詞做主語賓語 eg: I dont know which answer is right. I will give her which (whichever) book she likes on the shelf. 這個書架