論高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品外文文獻(xiàn)

1、1. The definition of high-tech productsInternational trade is the international transfer of goods and services. High-tech products in line with a national high-tech focus areas, technologies and product reference catalog of new products or improved products of domestic production for the first time,

2、 or are innovative products with high technological content, good economic and broad market prospects. The high-tech products to meet the above requirements of the international transfer of goods and services.2. China's problems in the U.S. high-tech products trade2.1 Lack of capacity for indepe

3、ndent innovation and independent brands lessJanuary 2009 to May, foreign high-tech exports reached $ 110.14 billion, an increase of 24.1 percent, accounting for 87.8 percent of China's total exports of hi-tech products. The proportion of sustained growth in 2010, which showed that foreign-funded

4、 enterprises in China, a major position in the U.S. high-tech exports, its share is continually rising, even though China is also growing, but the main problem is less its own brand. innovation capacity is not enough2.2 The trade surplus has expanded each year, frictions and disputes the increasing

5、pressure on The trade surplus is greater than the total imports in a given year a country's total export trade. "Trade diversion" effect, the Sino-US high-tech products trade deficit to surplus. The high-tech products in the United States in the 2008 trade surplus was $ 14.8 billion to

6、 22.4 billion in 2009, 30.8 billion in 2010. It can be seen from the above data, China's trade surplus of U.S. high-tech products was expanding year by year, the amount of the surplus increased year by year, which also makes the pressure on the friction and disputes have become increasingly prom

7、inent.2.3The weak dollar has seriously affected the export of processing trade enterprises In recent years, the continued depreciation of the dollar, seriously affected the export of processing trade enterprises in China. On the one hand, the raw material cost increases, the devaluation of the dolla

8、r makes denominated in U.S. dollars to China in order to guarantee profit margin, it will take various measures to reduce manufacturing costs. On the other hand, the devaluation of the dollar makes the United States will take some protective measures, even unilateralist policy to adjust the domestic

9、 economy, these measures is likely China's largest trading nation, allowing the export of Chinese trade enterprises conflicts3. Countermeasures to solve Sino-US high-tech products trade issues3.1 Implementation of the marketing strategy a wide range of Effective use of the guiding role of the ex

10、port policy, to create a technological environment, to accelerate the construction of export financing and export credit insurance system, to determine the comprehensive, multi-layered and diversified marketing strategy; analysis of international demand, combined with the country's technological

11、advantage, to determine priority sectors and areas; to create the park, providing a quick way for the expansion of high-tech products export. Also, real-time expansion of the scale of the capital of the Export-Import Bank of China, increase the scope of business of the Export-Import Bank, to strengt

12、hen the export credit, export credit insurance and foreign guarantees, incentives such as support for high-tech exports, in order to enhance the high-tech products competitive advantage in the international market.3.2 Enhance the overall competitiveness of the high-tech industrial chain The high-tec

13、h industry chain is a concept of four dimensions of the value chain, chain, supply chain and space chain. These four dimensions in a balanced process of mutual docking formed the industrial chain such "docking mechanism" within the model of industrial chain, as an objective law, it is like

14、 an "invisible hand" of regulation of the industry chain formation. To improve the overall competitiveness of the high-tech industry chain, it is necessary to form the core competitiveness of the industry. Today in the knowledge economy, knowledge is the key resource. As management guru Pe

15、ter Drucker has pointed out, knowledge is the only meaningful resource. Therefore, we have to continue to grasp and learn the new technology, knowledge, and establish knowledge as the core competitiveness. Chain of high-tech industrial development needs of the entire state of industrial development,

16、 scientific analysis, to develop the scientific development of regional high-tech industrial chain planning, objectives, programs, steps to focus and assurance measures. Such a great benefit of high-tech products export.3.3 Optimize the trade environment, intensify personnel training We want to opti

17、mize the trade environment, the establishment of a fair competitive market environment, and improve the effectiveness of the introduction of technology, exposed the country to introduce the following measures: to strengthen macro-control on the introduction of technology; the introduction of technol

18、ogy through foreign channels.effectiveness; exploration technology to introduce a new model; great importance to the introduction of technology based on the digestion and absorption. Enhance independent innovation is both the principal of the high-tech industrial development, but also in technologic

19、al innovation. We should deepen the reform of the science and technology management system, enhance the awareness of IPR protection, the establishment of incentives conducive to enterprise technological innovation, and increase technological innovation, human, financial, investment, enhance independ

20、ent innovation capability. Moreover, you should increase the talents of high-tech industries, optimizing the export structure of high-tech Industrial Development Zone.一、高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的定義國(guó)際貿(mào)易是商品和勞務(wù)的國(guó)際轉(zhuǎn)移。高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品是指符合一個(gè)國(guó)家高新技術(shù)重點(diǎn)范圍、技術(shù)領(lǐng)域和產(chǎn)品參考目錄的全新型產(chǎn)品或國(guó)內(nèi)首次生產(chǎn)的改進(jìn)型產(chǎn)品，或?qū)賱?chuàng)新產(chǎn)品等，具高的技術(shù)含量、良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和廣闊的市場(chǎng)前景。高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易就是符合上述要求的商品和

21、勞務(wù)的國(guó)際轉(zhuǎn)移。二、中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易存在的問(wèn)題（一）缺乏自主創(chuàng)新能力，自主品牌較少2009年1月至5月，外資企業(yè)高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品出口達(dá)1101.4億美元，同比增長(zhǎng)24.1%，占中國(guó)高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品出口總額的87.8%。2010年該比重持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，這就表明，外資企業(yè)在中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)的高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品出口中的主要地位，其比重也在不斷地攀升，盡管中國(guó)也在不斷發(fā)展，但主要問(wèn)題是自主品牌少，創(chuàng)新能力不夠。（二）貿(mào)易順差逐年擴(kuò)大，摩擦和糾紛壓力日增貿(mào)易順差是指在特定年度一國(guó)出口貿(mào)易總額大于進(jìn)口貿(mào)易總額。由于“貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)移”效應(yīng)的影響，中美高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易由逆差轉(zhuǎn)為順差。2008年中對(duì)美的高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易順差為148億

22、美元，2009年為224億，2010年為308億。從以上數(shù)據(jù)可以看出，中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)的高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的貿(mào)易順差呈逐年擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì)，順差的金額逐年增加，這也使摩擦和糾紛的壓力日益突出。（三）美元持續(xù)貶值，嚴(yán)重影響加工貿(mào)易企業(yè)的出口近年來(lái)，美元的持續(xù)貶值，嚴(yán)重影響了中國(guó)加工貿(mào)易企業(yè)的出口。一方面，美元的貶值會(huì)使以美元為單位的原料成本上升，中國(guó)企業(yè)為了保證利潤(rùn)的幅度，就會(huì)采取各種措施來(lái)降低制造成本。另一方面，美元的貶值使得美國(guó)會(huì)采取一些保護(hù)措施甚至是單邊主義政策來(lái)調(diào)整國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)，這些措施很有可能就是針對(duì)中國(guó)這個(gè)貿(mào)易大國(guó)，從而使得中國(guó)貿(mào)易企業(yè)的出口矛盾加劇。三、解決中美高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易問(wèn)題的對(duì)策（一）營(yíng)銷(xiāo)戰(zhàn)略多元化的實(shí)施有效地利用出口政策的導(dǎo)向作用，營(yíng)造良好的科技環(huán)境，加快出口融資和出口信用保險(xiǎn)體系建設(shè)，確定全方位的、多層次的、多元化的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)戰(zhàn)略；分析國(guó)際的需求，