2020年通用版小升初英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)：小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)

1、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞4 種時(shí)態(tài)：1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：常與表示程度或頻度的詞連用，如：often （經(jīng)常）， usually （通常，一般） ,sometimes（有日t） , always （總是，一直）, never （從不），表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)， 表示普遍真理。用動(dòng)詞原形表示，第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)后，動(dòng)詞要在詞尾加s （或 es,或變 y 為 i 再力口 es）。如：I often get up at 7:00.Heften gets up at 7:30.2、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。用 am / is/ are 加 動(dòng)詞 ing 形式表示，

2、如: What are you doing? I am reading a bk. What is he doing? He is singing.3、 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間連用， 如： tomorrow , next week ,next year 等 ,表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。用am/ is/ are 加 going to形式表示，如：What are you going to do tomorrow? Itgridigmtgidine ahrse. 用 will 加動(dòng)詞原形表示，如：What will you donext Sunday? Iwill g shopping.

3、用 am/ is/ are 加動(dòng)詞 ing 形式表示，如： What are youding tomorrow? I m going bowling.4、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：經(jīng)常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間連用, 如 : yesterday, last night等 , 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。如：Wh was first? Ken was first.Where were you yesterday? I was at home.What did you do yesterday? I went to school.形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：1、單音節(jié)詞：比較級(jí)加er, 最高級(jí)加est

4、. 如：tall taller the tallest,He is taller than his brother. Tom is the tallest in his class.2、 多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞：比較級(jí)加 more, 最高級(jí)加 the most. 如：interestingmore interestingthe most interesting,Music is interesting subject. P.E. is more interesting than music. Science is the most interesting subject.形容詞變?yōu)楸容^級(jí)的變化

5、規(guī)則： ( 1)一般情況下，在形容詞的詞尾直接加er。如：tall-taller short- shorter.(2)以字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞，在 詞尾直接加r,如：nice-nicer. late later (3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且 結(jié)尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加er.如：big bigger thin thinner fat fatter (4)以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞，先變 y 為 i ,再力口 er。女口： easy- easier heavy- heavier funnyfunnier.( 2) 、部分形容詞比較級(jí)的不規(guī)則變化： good better

6、wellbetter bad worse badly worse many more much more little less far farther動(dòng)詞 ing 的變化規(guī)律：1) )直接加ing ，如： open-opening, clean-cleaning, meet-meeting,sing-singing, study-studying,2) 去掉詞尾不發(fā)音的e ， 如： take-taking, close-closing, come-coming,drive-driving, have-having, use-using, write-writing,practice-prac

7、ticing,3) 重讀閉音節(jié)的，雙寫(xiě)最后的字母，加ing , 如： sit-sitting,put-putting, begin-beginning , get-getting, swim-swimming, run-running, cut-cutting, become-becoming,主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)律(與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)律相同)：1) 直接力口 s, 如：cook-cooks, come-comes, close-closes；2)以 o, x, s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾 +es , 如 : teach-teaches,go-goes, do-does, ca

8、tch-catches, wash-washes, brush-brushes, miss-misse s；4) 輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾， 把 y 改為 i ， +es， 如： fly-flies, worry-worries,carry-carries,5) 以f或fe結(jié)尾，把f或fe,改為v+es.5)特殊：have-has,6)家庭、親屬和朋友：姓名、年齡、地址、特點(diǎn)與愛(ài)好：與你的關(guān) 系words:family,grandfather(grandpa/granddad),grandmother(grandma/grand mum), father, mother, brother, sist

9、er, uncle, aunt, cousin, friend相關(guān)句型: 1) Is he/she Tom s cousin? Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isn t.2) Who s he/she? He s/She s my friend.3) How many people are there in your family? Who are they? There are four, my father, my mother, my brother and me.注意： 1)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，如：family-families;名詞單數(shù) -復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)律:1) 1) 1)

10、直接加s，如： boy-boys, term-terms,2) 以 o, x, s, sh, ch 結(jié) 尾 +es , 如 : box-boxes, class-classes, glass-glasses, coach-coaches, dress-dresses, fax-faxes, inch-inches, match-matches,3) 輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾，把y 改為 i ， +es， 如： baby-babies,lady-ladies, factory-factories, peach-peaches, library-libraries,watch-watches ,4) 以

11、 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾，把 f 或 fe, 改為 v+es: leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives, shelf-shelves,5) ) 特 殊 : man-men, policeman-policemen, woman-women, child-children, goose-geese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet,6) 不變 : hair, milk, tea, coffee, water, bread, rice, paper, juice, meat,people, fish, sheep,（ 2） 名詞所有格，表明是“誰(shuí)的”如

12、： my cousin s , his parents它的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：?jiǎn)螖?shù)名詞后+“ s”，Mike s mother.復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾有，其后只+ “ '"，TeacherS Da教師節(jié).若是兩人共有時(shí)，只在后者+ “ s ” ,Jim and Tom' s mother吉姆和湯姆的母親。不是兩者所共有的，兩者都+ “ s ” ,Jim' s and Tonrf s mother吉姆母親和湯姆的母親。名詞若是無(wú)生命，所有格構(gòu)成用of, a map of China.一幅中國(guó)地圖I 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)定義 ：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)： “主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式

13、”用法：1 .表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。He was here yesterday.I got up at seven yesterday morning.My mother was at work yesterday afternoon.Did you have a good time last summer?2 .表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。My mother often went to work by taxi last year.When I was a student, I often listened to music.3 . 常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間有：一般過(guò)去

14、式的用法：一般過(guò)去式表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，通常一般過(guò)去式帶有表示動(dòng)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的詞，詞組或從句, 如 yesterday, the day before last, lastweek, two days ago 等 ,上下文清楚時(shí)可以不帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工廠(chǎng)工作。I met him yesterday. 昨天我碰見(jiàn)了他。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我們?nèi)チ颂忑埳?。一般過(guò)去式構(gòu)成：表示一般過(guò)去式的動(dòng)詞通常用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式形式來(lái)表示，而動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式是在動(dòng)詞原形

15、的基礎(chǔ)上變化的。動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式可分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。4 . 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞: last year; last nightyesterday （+morning, afternoon, evening）in +過(guò)去時(shí)間詞：in 1998 II 過(guò)去式規(guī)則變化（a） 動(dòng)詞詞尾 + “ed：walk walked （走）need needed （需要）（b）動(dòng)詞詞尾為“曲，力口 -d"。live lived （?。﹍ike liked （喜歡）（c）動(dòng)詞詞尾為 輔音字母+y”時(shí)，去"y加“ied,”若是詞尾為 元音字母+y"，只加“ed；study studie

16、d （學(xué)習(xí)）playplayed （游戲）（d）原形動(dòng)詞詞尾為重讀閉音節(jié)時(shí), stoppedIII 過(guò)去式規(guī)則變化先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母再+“ ed” stop（一 ） 不變1.cut cut must （二）改成2.letlet3.putput 4read read5 must1. come drink 5.have 8.ring 9. singcame drankhad2.becomebecame3. beginbegan 4.6.runran7. sitsatrangsang 10.swimswam11.givegave（三）改成1. think bought 5. catch （三）改成gh

17、t thought2.fight fought3.bringbrought4. buy1.keep4.feel5.spendcaught tkeptfeltspentew6. teach taught2.sleep6.learnslept3.sweepsweptlearnt 7.meanmeant1.blow draw 5.throwblew drew threw2. knowknew3.growgrew4.6. flyflewo1.get got 2.forget forgot3.write wrote 4.riderode5.drivedrove6.sell sold 7.tell und

18、erstood 10.speak spoke （六 ）其他形式told8.standstood9.understand11.hear heard 12.taketook1.make meant 5.say 9.can might 13.gomade2.hearheard3.eatate4.meansaid could6.find10.shallfoundshould7.meet met11.will would8.see saw12. maywent14.seesaw15.wearwore時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間標(biāo)志口訣集錦1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：“總經(jīng)常有每沒(méi)（美眉八八）復(fù)星周”總：always，usually

19、等經(jīng)常： often有：sometimes （記住，宥”不是have,而是 宥時(shí)”）每：every week/month/year 等沒(méi)：never復(fù)星周：on Mondays, on Tuesdays等2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：昨天上個(gè)XX （讀作叉叉）前，in加年份when字連 ”（原創(chuàng)）昨天：yesterday，后面可以加morning，afternoon， evening 等上個(gè)：last,后面可以加 week, month, year等XX 前：ago, 前面可以力口 three weeks/months/years agoin 加年份：in 2009/2008/1986/1220等， 2010前全用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，后年 2012前就都是過(guò)