高考語法填空知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、快樂英語（十六）語法填空解題指導(dǎo)了解語法填空的考點(diǎn)和考法對解題非常有用。具體步驟大致為：略讀全文抓大意。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)所填詞在句中充當(dāng)什么成分確定要填哪類詞，即從句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性去思考該填哪類詞。根據(jù)句子意思的完整性去思考具體填哪個(gè)詞。根據(jù)前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系確定填適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞或從句的引導(dǎo)詞。先易后難，等容易的做好后再考慮難題。做完后再通讀一遍，認(rèn)真檢查。備考指南一是掌握基礎(chǔ)語法：切實(shí)掌握每個(gè)項(xiàng)目中的基本用法，不淡化，但也不必深化。千萬注意語法不要過細(xì)、過繁、過多、過難，不要將簡單語法復(fù)雜化，而應(yīng)想方設(shè)法使復(fù)雜的語法簡單化，讓語法變得更簡、更易、更有趣。二是熟悉考點(diǎn)語法：語法填空的考點(diǎn)

2、與短文改錯(cuò)的考點(diǎn)基本相同，具體有以下十大考點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)1：名詞弄清數(shù)與格。即名詞是否該用復(fù)數(shù)，是否要用所有格。例1We were poor in those _ (day). 分析因day是可數(shù)名詞，受those修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，故填days。例2 Its about an _ (hour) drive from here. 分析句意是“離這里大約有一個(gè)小時(shí)的車程”，“一個(gè)小時(shí)的”用所有格，故填hours。考點(diǎn)2：代詞指代對象(通常是前面出現(xiàn)的名詞或整句)，是人還是事物，是男還是女，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，是作主語還是作賓語。例1 The manager was about to leave when hi

3、s secretary called _ back.分析作called的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；指代誰？指代The manager，是人; 由his可知, 這個(gè)經(jīng)理是男的，是一個(gè)人，單數(shù)，且是作賓語，故填him。如是物主代詞(表示某人的)，作主語、賓語或表語用名詞性物主代詞，在名詞前作定語只能用形容詞性物主代詞。例2Tom, a friend of _ (I), is our monitor.分析指“我的朋友”中的一個(gè)，表示“我的朋友(my friend)”，相當(dāng)于“一個(gè)形容詞性物主代詞+一個(gè)名詞”的意義，用名詞性物主代詞，作介詞of的賓語，故填mine。反身代詞反指誰，它通常作主語和賓語的同位語，這

4、時(shí)應(yīng)與主語或賓語一致；也可作某些動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語，這時(shí)需與主語一致。例3 The children amused _ (they) by playing hide-and-seek games.分析缺賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；這些孩子拿誰取樂，應(yīng)是“自娛自樂，游玩(amuse oneself)”，與主語The children一致，故填themselves。類似的短語還有enjoy oneself (玩得開心), teach oneself(自學(xué)), adapt oneself (適應(yīng)), dress oneself(自己穿衣), devote oneself to(致力于), by oneself(單

5、獨(dú)地)等?？键c(diǎn)3：冠詞不定冠詞表示泛指，可譯作“一個(gè)/本/座/”等；定冠詞表示特指，相當(dāng)于“這，這些，那，那些”。另外，搞清特指上文出現(xiàn)的或談話雙方心目中都知道的人或事物用the，以及在序數(shù)詞前、最高級前、獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞之前，用the。如：例1It was _ third time I had been there.分析在序數(shù)詞前要用the。例2 This is _ most boring film Ive ever seen.分析在最高級前要用the。例3 He is _ honest businessman, according to what everyone says.分析可譯作：

6、根據(jù)大家的評說，他是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的商人。表示“一個(gè)”，用不定冠詞，honest的讀音以元音音素開頭，故填an?？键c(diǎn)4：連詞并列連詞。連接兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)詞、短語或句子的并列連詞有and, or, but, neithernor, eitheror, whetheror等。例1 As a citizen, you must obey the law _ you will be punished. 分析前后是兩個(gè)句子，應(yīng)填連詞；根據(jù)句意可知填or，表示“否則”。例2 He likes cats _ dislikes dogs.分析因likes cats與dislikes dogs是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。從句

7、連詞。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞或連接副詞(有意思，并在從句中作句子成分)，以及that(不作任何句子成句，沒有任何意義), 和表示“是否”的whether/if。其中要特別注意連接代詞what的意義和用法。例3 He came to me in the belief _ I could help him.分析空格后面的句子是belief的同位語，從句內(nèi)容完整，也不缺少任何句子成分，故填that。例4 Owing to lack of time, we cannot do more than _ we have done.分析在賓語從句中作have done的賓語，相當(dāng)于the thing th

8、at，“所的事”，用連接代詞what。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。注意關(guān)系詞是代表先行詞并在定語從句中作句子成分的。例5I met someone _ said he knew you.分析引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞；先行詞是人，故填who。例6 Li Ming won first prize in the competition, _ made his father pleased.分析引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞；先行詞是“李明在這次比賽中得了第一名”這回事，故填which。引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞。例7 We camped there _ it was to

9、o dark to go on.分析因“天太黑不能繼續(xù)走了”是“我們在那里宿營”的原因，故填because。例8 Such things, _ you like it or not, do happen from time to time.分析由句意“不管你喜歡不喜歡，這樣的事的確時(shí)有發(fā)生”及or可知，填whether引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。whether or 不管還是考點(diǎn)5：介詞主要是at, in, on, for, since, with, without, from, as, after, before, behind等表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等的介詞以及習(xí)慣用語中的介詞。例1 I am gra

10、teful to you _ helping me.分析因?yàn)槟呈赂兄x某人，用for表示感謝的原因。例2_ time going by, I gradually realize the importance of health. 分析表示“隨著”用介詞With。With time going by =As time goes by隨著時(shí)間的流逝?？键c(diǎn)6：助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成行為動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的疑問句和否定句的do, does, did。例1 How much _ he charge you for repairing the bicycle just now? 分析這是疑問句，由just no

11、w可知，是一般過去時(shí)，填助動(dòng)詞did。強(qiáng)調(diào)行為動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞的do, does, did。例2To tell you the truth, Tom _ take my pen by mistake yesterday, but he has said sorry to me.分析與yesterday連用，謂語動(dòng)詞本應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，但take卻用了原形，可見其前面應(yīng)當(dāng)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)語境，應(yīng)當(dāng)是表達(dá)“的確錯(cuò)拿了我的鋼筆”，強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞，又是一般過去時(shí)，用did。構(gòu)成部分倒裝的do, does, did。例3 Not only _ he do well in his

12、study, but also he is always ready to help others. 分析 not onlybut also連接兩個(gè)句子時(shí)，前一個(gè)句子要用部分倒裝；主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞卻用了原形do，可見前面應(yīng)有助動(dòng)詞does, did；由后句的is可知，是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填does。常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法。例4I _ have gone to the school library, but it rained heavily, so I did not.分析表示“本應(yīng)該做某事，但事實(shí)上卻沒有做”，用should have done sth. 表示，故填should?？键c(diǎn)7：

13、謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞主要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等。從歷年廣東卷和全國卷來看，考得最多的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)，且只需看看上下文中謂語動(dòng)詞是用什么時(shí)態(tài)，跟著用什么時(shí)態(tài)就行了，十分簡單。例1He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he_ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called分析在主語人稱代詞he后作謂語，是謂語動(dòng)詞；因he與find是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，由上下文的時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般過去時(shí)，故填found。例2Last year, my brothe

14、r and I went to Miami for a vacation. but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _ (tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week分析由tell sb. sth. 可知，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示我們“被告知” ; 又由上下文的時(shí)態(tài)(如went, said)可知，用一般過去時(shí)，故填were told。例3He suddenly appeared in class one day He walked in as if h

15、e _ (buy) the schoolhe was from New York City.分析由as if(好像)可知，可能用虛擬語氣；由語境可知，他是新來的同學(xué)，不可能是買下了學(xué)校，故用虛擬語氣；這是敘述過去的事，與過去事實(shí)相反，用過去完成時(shí)，故填had bought。考點(diǎn)8：非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞是作謂語用的，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不是作謂語時(shí)，而是作主語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞就要用非謂語形式：to do(即用to+原形), doing(即-ing形式), done(即-ed形式)。根據(jù)三種形式的不同用法，以及非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系等來確定具體用哪種形式。例1Sue got home, _ (

16、feel) very tired.分析因已有謂語動(dòng)詞got，而feel前又沒有并列連詞，所以feel是非謂語動(dòng)詞；又因Sue與feel是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填feeling，分詞短語作伴隨狀語。例2_(build) in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old.分析句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞is，所以build是非謂語動(dòng)詞；又因the bridge與build是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填Built。例3It has been his dream _ (travel) round the world.分析It是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式，故填to travel。例4_ (coll

17、ect) stamps seems to be his main hobby.分析因seems to be是謂語了，collect應(yīng)為非謂語；由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,填Collecting，動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，當(dāng)然填To collect也是正確的。例5I didnt talk much to the man _ (sit) next to me.分析因句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞didnt talk，所以sit應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞；又因the man與sit是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填sitting,分詞短語作定語。例6She avoided _ (answer) the teachers questions.解析在avoid后只能

18、接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語，故填answering。順便提提，一定要牢記: 只能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的常用動(dòng)詞, 如finish, enjoy, consider, advise, suggest, feel like, cant help等; 只能接to do作賓語的動(dòng)詞, 如plan, want, wish, hope, would like, refuse等; 接to do與doing意思有差別的動(dòng)詞,如forget, remember, regret等； look forward to, devote oneself to等to是介詞的短語動(dòng)詞?？键c(diǎn)9：詞類轉(zhuǎn)換要求考生搞清楚，什么

19、詞類在句中作什么成分，或什么成分用什么詞類的詞來充當(dāng)。復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)主要有：作主語、賓語、表語，用名詞。亦即，名詞就是在句中作主語、賓語、表語的。例1Several children are away from school because of _ (ill). 分析作介詞because of的賓語，要用名詞，故填illness。作定語、補(bǔ)語、表語，用形容詞。亦即，形容詞在句中是作定語、補(bǔ)語、表語的。例2 This is the only reference book that I find _(use).分析that I find useful是定語從句，關(guān)系代詞that代表先行詞the boo

20、k，在定語從句中作find的賓語，所以要填的詞是作賓補(bǔ)的，故填形容詞形式useful。作狀語，用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或另一副詞，或修飾全句。亦即，副詞就是用來作狀語的。例3I arrived late but _ (luck), the meeting had been delayed.分析修飾后面整個(gè)分句，作狀語，填副詞luckily?？键c(diǎn)10：比較等級有than的前面要用比較級；有in, of, I have ever seen等表示比較范圍的用最高級；根據(jù)語境理解隱形的比較級。例1It takes _ (little) time to go there by plane than by

21、train.分析由than可知，要用比較級，故填less。例2My pronunciation is poor. His is even _ (bad).分析由even(更)可知用比較級，相當(dāng)于后面省略了than mine，故填worse。例3Hainan is Chinas second _ (large) island.解析表示“第幾大/長”，用“序數(shù)詞+最高級”表示，故填largest。例4Mr. Li, our English teacher, is one of the _ (nice) people I know.解析有定語從句I know 表示比較范圍，用最高級，故填nicest

22、。此外，作形式主語和形式賓語的it，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的it, that都是很可能要考的，同學(xué)們務(wù)必要注意。例1I find _ interesting to learning English.解析填it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的不定式。例2It is because he has been working hard _ he has made such great progress.解析填that，與前面的It is構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。真題再練1. 2015 課標(biāo)卷I Yangshuo, China It was raining lightly when I 61 _ (arrive) in Yan

23、gshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours 62_, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with 63 _(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 _ are

24、 pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 _ (painting). Instead, Id head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away 66 _car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo 67_(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 68 _ (conduct) by the website Trip A

25、dvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 _ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70 _(live) in Shanghai and Hong

26、Kong.本文作者記敘從香港來到桂林陽朔旅游的日記。61. arrived 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生時(shí)突然又發(fā)生另外一事，when (=and just at that time)后的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。62. before 上文“現(xiàn)在來到了陽朔” 后文“我還在香港的家里”，可見是“幾個(gè)小時(shí)之前”。63. its 指“香港的”令人窒息的煙霧。64. which/that 引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是mountain tops and dark waters。65. paintings 因受many修飾，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。66. by 指開車一個(gè)小時(shí)的路程。67. is 指目前的狀態(tài)或客觀存在的狀態(tài)。68.

27、conducted 由conduct a study /survey (進(jìn)行研究/調(diào)查)可知，a study與conduct是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞短語作后置定語。69. regularly 修飾動(dòng)詞arranges作狀語，用副詞。70. living 因people與live是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。2.2014 課標(biāo)卷I Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix? In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Clevel

28、and, Ohio. It 1 _ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 2 _ (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 3 _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. But the river wasnt changed in a few days 4 _even a few months.

29、It took years of work 5 _ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 6 _(clean) than ever. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 7 _ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much

30、 or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? While there are 8 _ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 9 _ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and wor

31、k, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 10 _(patience).凱霍加河的河水1969年還沾得可以著火，但通過幾年治理，河水變得清澈，成為治理環(huán)境的最突出的例子之一。作者以此為例說明，看似不可能處理的情況其實(shí)也是可能的，只是一定要有耐心。1. was 指1969年的情況，用一般過去時(shí)；上下句的時(shí)態(tài)也有提示作用。2. actually 修飾謂語動(dòng)詞caught，作狀語，用副詞。3. the 構(gòu)成最高級。4. or 起并列作用，表示“或者”。5. to reduce 是it takes time to do sth.句型，不定式作真正的主語

32、。6. cleaner 作表語，依然用形容詞；由than可知，要用比較級。7. that /which 引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作主語，先行詞是a habit。8. amazing 在名詞stories前作定語，要用形容詞；由句意可知，需要填表示“驚人的”amazing。9. changes 作主語或冠詞后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞，change除作動(dòng)詞外也可作名詞；由緊接著的are可知，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。10. patient 在系動(dòng)詞be后作表語，要用形容詞。3. 2014 課標(biāo)卷II One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 1 _ (

33、be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 2 _ some of them looked very anxious and 3 _ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 4 _ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 5 _ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 6 _ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 7 _ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouti