法律常用術(shù)語分類中英對照(共10頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上法律常用術(shù)語【（一）、法令】u  rule 條例u  law 法律u  criminal law 刑法u  interpret 解釋（法律）u  the legislature 立法機(jī)構(gòu)u  the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system法律體系【(二)、主體】u  the judge 法官u  the lawyer律師（總稱）u  the jury陪審團(tuán) u  the juror陪審團(tuán)成員u  the

2、prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；檢察官，公訴人；u  the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人u  the injured party/victim 被害人u  witness/eyewitness 見證人，目擊者u  the prosecution 原告及其代理律師；代表原告的律師u  the accused/defendant 被告人 u  the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辯護(hù)律師【（三）、違法】【案件種類】u  case 案件u  crime - criminal

3、 adj.u  a criminal case 刑事案件 u  a civil case 民事案件【行為/罪名-criminal behavior】u  guilt n. Antonym innocenceguilty adj. Antonyminnocent guilty of a crime/charge innocent of a crime/charge commit a crimeviolate a criminal lawu  murder 謀殺罪first-degree murder (deliberately)一級謀殺罪；故意殺人罪 ma

4、nslaughter (not intentionally) 一般殺人罪；過失殺人罪u  forgery 偽造罪sexual harassment 性騷擾malfeasance 瀆職罪u  criminal: n. 罪犯a convicted criminal ：one who has been judged guilty in a court of lawa hardened criminal ：someone who has committed many crimesu  stab v. 用刀具行兇，捅，刺to kill or hurt someone by

5、pushing a knife or other sharp object into their bodystab someone to death 刺死flick knife /switch blade/knife 彈簧刀u  mug v. =rob搶劫to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions【（四）、程序】【逮捕】u  arrestu  pick up ：to arrest someone and take them aw

6、ay in a car【調(diào)查】u  investigation conduct a criminal investigation into u  criminal proceedings ：the process of examining a crime in a court of lawu  cross-examination【訴訟】u  find someone guilty/not guilty of something :officially decide that they are guilty/not guiltyu  to be

7、charged with/to be accused of to accuse sb. of certain crime u  charge v.to charge sb. with certain crimebe charged with (doing) sthe.g. They are the jury for the trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.u  prosecute -prosecution n.to prosecute sb. for sth.face prosecution over to

8、bring a prosecution against sb. 對提起訴訟escape prosecution u  criminal charges ：official statements saying that sb is accused by the police of committing a crimeu  claim v. to say that someones actions are the cause of something【法庭種類】u  a criminal court 刑事法庭,e.g. The scene is a jury room

9、 in a criminal court. u  a civil court 民事法庭 u  childrens court 少年法庭u  The Supreme Court 最高法院【監(jiān)督】u  supervise監(jiān)督【作證】u  to testify v.作證to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of lawtestify for/against someonetestimony證詞 u  proo

10、f definite proofprovide the proofpresent the proofu  evidence 證據(jù)，證物to identify 鑒別u  flimsy adj. not very reliableflimsy evidenceaccurate adj. correct or true in every detailunshakable adj. 不可動搖的self-contradiction 自相矛盾u  alibi n. 不在場的證據(jù)someone who has an alibi can prove that they were

11、somewhere else when a crime was committed and so can claim to be not guilty【庭審】u  question v.u  question/suspect sbs motive【辯護(hù)】u  to defend sb 為辯護(hù)u  to refute 反駁-refutable adj.-refutation n.【陪審團(tuán)討論】u  the jury陪審團(tuán) u  a grand jury 大陪審團(tuán)u  the juror陪審團(tuán)成員u  the jury

12、 room 陪審室u  discuss - discussion討論u  proposal 提議u  vote 投票u  abstain v. 棄權(quán)u  vote for/in favor of/againstu  take a preliminary votee.g. I think its customary to take a preliminary voteu  analyze 分析u  assume v. 假定u  ballot n. 無記名投票u  to argue with 爭論u

13、  agreement 一致意見u  disagreement 反對意見u  a reasonable doubt u  to hang the jury: to make the jury unable to reach a unanimous decision u  declare a hung juryu  reach a unanimous decision u  be deemed innocent/guilty 被認(rèn)為無罪/有罪u  prove innocent/guilty被證明無罪/有罪【審判】u&

14、#160; guilty/ not guilty(innocent) u  trial/ the jury trial審判u  a fair trialu  set free / acquitted 無罪釋放u  admit v. agree that something is true 承認(rèn)u  plead guilty to something : say that you are guiltye.g. He pleaded guilty to all charges.【（五）、處罰-punishment】【場所】u  refor

15、m school 感化院, u  jail/ prison n.監(jiān)獄【方式】u  jail v. to put someone in jailto be in jail jail someone for something go/ be sent to jail to serve a jail term u  be executed the executioner to pull the switch u  to send sb. to the chair =send someone to the electric chair /to sentence

16、sb. to be electrocuted電刑to sentence sb. to deathgive the sentence 施刑u  get out of jail【其他】u  have the right to do 有權(quán)u on behalf of 代表draft 法案，草案Government bill 政府議案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通過議案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 頒布法律ratification, confirmation 批準(zhǔn)law enforcement 法律的實施

17、to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 條款minutes 備忘錄report 判例匯編codification 法律匯編legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法學(xué)家jurisprudence 法學(xué)legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制，合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 違法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范圍的offender 罪犯to abo

18、lish 廢止，取消rescission, annulment 廢除，取消repeal, revocation, annulment 廢除(法律)cancellation, annulment, invalidation 廢除()cancellation (支票)作廢annulment 撤消(遺囑)repeal rescission 撤消(判決)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免，豁免權(quán)disability, legal incapacity 無資格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剝奪公權(quán)attainder 公民權(quán)利的剝奪和財產(chǎn)的沒收constitutional law 憲法canon law 教會法規(guī)common law 習(xí)慣法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 萬國公法，國際法international law 國際法natural