二)高考代詞及練習(xí)

1、第二章代詞用來代替名詞、名詞短語或句子的詞稱為代詞。代詞可分為：人稱代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞和不定代詞等。高考重點要求：1、物主代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞和指示代詞的基本用法2、定代詞的指代含義以及數(shù)的情況3、it 的基本用法第一節(jié)知識點概述呂一、人稱代詞1.人稱代詞不僅僅指人，也可以指事或物。2.第三人稱的人稱代詞分陽性 he (him),陰性 she (her)和中性 it (it ),復(fù)數(shù)和賓語 形式都只有一個形式 they 和 them，不分性別。3.選用什么人稱代詞，取決于所要代替的名詞。在數(shù)和性上要與所代替的名詞保持一致。玄二、物主代詞物主代詞是用來表示所有關(guān)系的，分為形容

2、詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前作定語，相當(dāng)于形容詞；名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”，相當(dāng)于名詞，可以作主語、表語或賓語。物主代詞的用法：(1)形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前作定語。例如：His pen cil box is on the desk.This is our school.(2)名詞性物主代詞作Richard s school bag is blue andmi ne is black.理查德的書包是藍色的，我名詞用，本身就相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”，因此，后面不可再加名詞。作主語:的書包是黑色的。 （mine=my school b

3、ag ）作表語：It s his.這是他的（東西）。作賓語：He borrows your dicti onary and you may borrow mi ne. _ 他借你的字典，你可以借我的。（作及物動詞的賓語）“ of+名詞性物主代詞”可以放在名詞后作定語，表示強調(diào)：He is a friend of mine. _ 他是我的一個朋友。試比較下面兩句句子：This is a photo of mine.這是我的一張照片。（照片是我擁有的，但不一定照的是我本人）This is a photo of me.這是一張我本人的照片。（照片上是我本人）P 三、反身代詞反身代詞用于所強調(diào)的動作與

4、動作執(zhí)行者的關(guān)系。通常在句中作表語、賓語和同位語。X 四、指示代詞（一） 指示代詞是具有指示概念的代詞this 這；that 那；these 這些；those 那些；such 如此的；same 同樣的（二） 指示代詞的用法Richard s school bag is blue andmi ne is black.理查德的書包是藍色的，我（1） this、that、these、those 在句子中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。（2） such 一般在句子中作定語或主語。such “這樣的”，such a 這樣一個，such as像這樣的。（3） same 可作定語、表語、主語和賓語例如:1） Th

5、at is our English teacher.（主語）2） This storybook is thicker than that one. _ 定語）3） I prefer this （these） to that （those）. _ （賓語）4） What he likes best is this/that. （ _ 表語）5） I have never read such an exciting book.（定語）6） I like such sports as basketball and swimming.（定語）7） Such is our trip plan.（主語）（

6、指上文提到過或剛說過的內(nèi)容）8） She wants the book and I want the same. _（ 賓語）9） We were born on the same day.（ 定語）1)t his、these 指空間上離說話人較近的人或物，可以與 here 連用；that、those指空間上離說話人較遠的人或物，可以與there 連用。2)打電話或其他場合，本人這一方用this 或 these. 反之用 that 或 those。3)such 作定語時，如名詞前有不定冠詞，應(yīng)把such 置于不定冠詞之前。4)在 same 之前必須加冠詞 the 。五、 疑問代詞1.Who 用

7、于詢問別人姓名，身份或關(guān)系。What 用于詢問別人職業(yè)。2.Which 指的物有范圍限制，側(cè)重于哪一個；What 指的物無范圍限制，側(cè)重于種類。3. Whose 用于明確所有者。whom 在口語中，多為 who 代替。六、 不定代詞不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫不定代詞。常見的不定代詞有all, both, each,every, some, any, many, much, （a）few, （a）little,one, on es, either,n either,other,another, no, none 以及含有 some-, any-, no- 等的合成代詞（如：anybody,

8、 something,no one）0這些不定代詞大多可以代替名詞，在句子中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。但和由 some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞（如 somebody 等）只能作主語、表語。而 every 和 no 只能作定語。P 七、it 的用法（一）作無人稱代詞1.指代天氣、時間、距離、季節(jié)和自然現(xiàn)象等。例如：It rains continually in the south in June.It is a half hour s walk to the factory.2. 指代上文中提到的無生命的東西。例如：Where is my no tebook? It w

9、as here just now.There is air all around us, but we cannot see it.3. 代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽性的東西（包括嬰兒）。例如：The baby cried because it was hun gry.Some one is knocking at the door, who can it be?（二）用作強調(diào)句，構(gòu)成強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：It is（was）+ 強調(diào)部分+that。例如：It was last ni ght that they left for H.K.It was I that（who） his sister

10、in the park yesterday.（三）it作形式主語和形式賓語it 作形式主語和形式賓語是為了使句子平衡，而把真正的主語或賓語置于句子后面 例如：I found it interesting to study English.none賓語和It is of great help to master a foreig n Ian guage.第二節(jié)實戰(zhàn)演練一、復(fù)習(xí)時需注意的要點1. 不定代詞可作主語，當(dāng)作主語時，要明確這一不定代詞究竟是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，以確定它和謂語動詞在人和數(shù)的一致。2. 不定代詞還可作定語。當(dāng)作定語時，應(yīng)該注意其所修飾的名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，以確定這個名詞用單數(shù)還是

11、復(fù)數(shù)。例:Much has been done to fight pollution; each of them has got a present.3. many, few 和 both 用于可數(shù)名詞，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念。4. AII, both和 each 和含有 every 的復(fù)合代詞用在否定句中只表示部分否定。例：Not all the students have been to the Austrlia.She can t work out both of the difficult problems.Everybody cannot work out the problem.5. Nei

12、ther,none和含有 no 的復(fù)合代詞表示全部否定。例:None of us can an swer the questi on.Neither of the questions is right.3 二、歷屆高考試題分析例 1、No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept thecon diti ons of_.A. othersB. the otherC. eitherD. ano ther答案：B【解析】 根據(jù)上文 neither 的提示可以看出所指的應(yīng)該是兩者中的另外一個，所以用 theoth

13、er。這句的意思是：貿(mào)易談判沒有取得進展，因為雙方都不愿意接受對方的條件。例 2、Shan ghai is really a fasc in at ingcity and weve decided to stay for_ twoweeks.A. another B. other C. the other D. others答案為 A?！窘馕觥?another 意為“又一，再一” ，后面如接 two, three 等數(shù)詞或 few 等時，可與 復(fù)數(shù)形式連用，我們可以把 two weeks 看作一個整體，在原來的基礎(chǔ)上再待兩星期。而 other ，the other 用于兩者之間的另一個， ot

14、hers 是 other 的所有格形式，故 B、C、 D 都不可選。例 3、 The Parkers bought a new house but_ will need a lot of work beforethey can move in.A. they B. it C. one D. which答案為 B?！窘馕觥縤t 指代前面提到的單數(shù)名詞。指同一個事物，此句中指a new house;而 one指“同名異物”； which 引導(dǎo)定語從句，但題干中有連詞 but ，并非主從句， which 不妥； A 為復(fù)數(shù)，更易排除。例 4、In fact _ is a hard job for t

15、he police to keep order in an importantfootball match.A. this B. that C. there D. it答案為 D?！窘馕觥?it 在句子中作形式主語。真正的主語是 to keep order in an importantfootball match 。由于空格出現(xiàn)在 fact 的后面，所以一些考生把它當(dāng)成了同位語從句， 而選了 that 。而實際上， in fact 是介詞短語作狀語，后不能接同位語從句。譯文：實 際上，在一次重大的足球賽中，對警察來說，維持秩序是一項很難的工作。例 5、Some of the wheat is

16、 from Canada. What about _?A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest答案為 D。解析】 wheat 是不可數(shù)名詞，不能用 others 代替。 the rest 既可代可數(shù)名詞，也可代不可數(shù)名詞，此處指 the rest of the wheat 。 例 6、 If this dictionary is not yours, can it be?A. what else B. who else C. which elses D. who else 答案為 D?！窘馕觥靠疾殛P(guān)系代詞所有格的用法。who else “其他什

17、么人” ，用于主格，賓格。elses“其他什么人” ，用于所有格。例 7、 One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _ .A. the other is white B. another whiteC. the other white D. another is white 答案為 C?！窘馕觥磕景逡话阒挥袃擅?，把一面染成黃色的；另一面染成白色的，考查oneother 結(jié)構(gòu)，由此排除 B、D;原句結(jié)構(gòu)為“the other(should be painted)white 避免重復(fù)可省略。例 8、 He was ne

18、arly drowned once.When was _ ? _ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This 答案為 A?！窘馕觥?用 that 指代上文提到的事，避免了重復(fù)； it 指代時間。例 9、 Your coffee smells great!Its from Mexico. Would you like_ ?A. it B. some C. this D. little答案為 B【解析】 some 相當(dāng)于 some of this coffe

19、e.例 10、Few pleasures can equal_ of a cool drink on a hot day.whothe為A. some B. any C. that D. those答案為 Co【解析】這句話的意思是“在炎熱的夏天幾乎沒有任何樂趣能和飲一杯冷飲的樂趣相比?！?that 在句子中代表 the pleasure 。一些考生只注意到 Few pleasures 是復(fù)數(shù)，而沒有注意到這里指的是飲一杯冷飲的樂趣，誤填了 those。注意：使用代詞時一定要弄清楚指代關(guān)系。第三節(jié)鞏固練習(xí)Directi on:Ben eath each of the followi ng se

20、nten ces there are four choices markedA、B、C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.1.1 like_ in the autu mn whe n the weather is clear and bright.A. thisB. thatC. itD. one2. I will n ever know what was on his mind at the time, nor will_ .A. anyoneB. anyone else C. no oneD. no one

21、else3. Play ing tricks on others is_ we should n ever do.A. anythingB. someth ingC. everyth ingD. nothing4. We n eeded a new cupboard for the kitche n. So Peter made_ from some wood wehad.A. itB. oneC. himselfD. an other5. I got the story from Tom and_ people who had worked with him.A. every other B

22、. many others C. some otherD. other tha n6. You can eat food free in my restaura nt_ you like.A. whe neverB. whereverC. whateverD. however7. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately _ couldn t spareme eve n onemi nute.A. theyB. oneC. whoD. it8. One week s time has been wasted.I c

23、an t believe we did all that work for_ .A. someth ingB. nothingC. everyth ingD. anything9. If you run after two hares, you will catch_ .A. noneB. n eitherC. nothingD. no one10. She doesn t know anyone here. She has got_ to talk to.A. anyoneB. some oneC. every oneD. on one11. I have done much of the

24、work . Could you please finish in two days ?A. the restB. the otherC. anotherD. the others12. Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?_way as you please.A. EachB. EveryC. AnyD. Eitherthink that you are good at _ while others are good at _ something elseB. everything nothingD. nothing all

25、_ here?Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. A.thisB. these C. thatD. it15. That s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _he s donefor you.A. somethingB. anythingC. allD. that16. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _ of them came.A. neitherB. either C

26、. noneD. both17. The Foreign Minister said, “_our hope that the two sides will work towardspeace. ”A. This isB. There isC. That is D. It is18. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are makingprogress.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What19. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the re

27、st are _ .A. him and herB. his and hersC. his andherD. him and hers20. My mother opened _ of the drawers in turn , trying to decide what he wasgoing to put in _ of them .A. every each B. everyone every C. every one everyone D. each each21. He was nearly drowned once. When was _ ?_ was in 1998 when h

28、e was in middle school.A. that It B. this ThisC. this Itthat .This22. Youre always working. Come on. Lets go shopping. _ you ever want to do is going shopping.A. Anything B. SomethingC. AllD. That23. Do you want tea or coffee? _ . I really dont mind.A. BothB. NoneC. EitherD. Neither24. Some students

29、 will remember these terms as the most successful _in thehistory of our school.A. onesB. ones C. oneD. one s25. This new rule may please some, but we dont expect it to pleaseA. moreB. otherC. allD. any26. No agreement was reached during the peace talk as neither side would give wayto _A. anotherB. o

30、therC. the otherD. any other27. _ who laughs last laughs best.A. HeB. OneC. ThatD. Those28. Children should be taught how to get along with _A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. an other29. These plants are watered _ .A. each other day B. every other dayC. each of two daysD. every oftwo days13. You must ne

31、verA. everythingC. all none14. Do you like _D.30.Would you like some wine?Yes, just _ .A. littleB. very littleC. a littleD. little bit31. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didnthelpA. he B. which C. she D. it32.Is your camera like Bills and Anns ?No, but its almost the s

32、ame as _ .A. her B. yours C. them D. their33.Have you finished your report yet?No, Ill finish in _ ten minutes.A. another B. other C. more D. less34. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _.A. itB. thoseC. them D. one35. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _ .A

33、. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing36. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would likestories bywriters from _ countries.A. someanyB. othersomeC. someotherD. other other37. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC.

34、 whicheverD. whenever38.Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?Im afraid _ day is possible.A. eitherB. neither39. If you want to change for a double room youA. anotherB. other40. I read about it in some book or other, does itmatter _ it was?A. whereB. whatC. howD. which41. My brothers handwriting is better than _in his class.A. anyone elseB. anyone elsesC. anyones else D. anyoneselses42. Somepeople would rather ride bicycles as bic