標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電勢(shì)表

1、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電勢(shì)表目錄隱藏電極電勢(shì)的產(chǎn)生 雙電層理論 定義 公式 電極電勢(shì)內(nèi)容標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電勢(shì)表 編輯本段電極電勢(shì)的產(chǎn)生 雙電層理論德國(guó)化學(xué)家能斯特（HWNernst）提出了雙電層理論（electron double layer theory）解釋電極電勢(shì)的產(chǎn)生的原因。當(dāng)金屬放入溶液中時(shí)，一方面金屬晶體中處于熱運(yùn)動(dòng)的金屬離子在極性水分子的作用下，離開金屬表面進(jìn)入溶液。金屬性質(zhì)越活潑，這種趨勢(shì)就越大；另一方面溶液中的金屬離子，由于受到金屬表面電子的吸引，而在金屬表面沉積，溶液中金屬離子的濃度越大，這種趨勢(shì)也越大。在一定濃度的溶液中達(dá)到平衡后，在金屬和溶液兩相界面上形成了一個(gè)帶相反電荷的雙電層(elect

2、ron double layer)，雙電層的厚度雖然很小(約為10-8厘米數(shù)量級(jí)), 但卻在金屬和溶液之間產(chǎn)生了電勢(shì)差。通常人們就把產(chǎn)生在金屬和鹽溶液之間的雙電層間的電勢(shì)差稱為金屬的電極電勢(shì)（electrode potential），并以此描述電極得失電子能力的相對(duì)強(qiáng)弱。電極電勢(shì)以符號(hào)E Mn+/ M表示, 單位為V(伏)。 如鋅的電極電勢(shì)以EZn2+/ Zn 表示, 銅的電極電勢(shì)以ECu2+/Cu 表示。 電極電勢(shì)的大小主要取決于電極的本性，并受溫度、介質(zhì)和離子 濃度等因素的影響。 編輯本段定義標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電勢(shì)是可逆電極在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)及平衡態(tài)時(shí)的電勢(shì)，也就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)態(tài)時(shí)的電極電勢(shì).標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電勢(shì)有很大的實(shí)

3、用價(jià)值，可用來(lái)判斷氧化劑與還原劑的相對(duì)強(qiáng)弱，判斷氧化還原反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行方向，計(jì)算原電池的電動(dòng)勢(shì)、反應(yīng)自由能、平衡常數(shù)，計(jì)算其他半反應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電勢(shì)，等等。將半反應(yīng)按電極電勢(shì)由低到高排序，可以得到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電勢(shì)表，可十分簡(jiǎn)明地判斷氧還反應(yīng)的方向. 編輯本段公式任何溫度下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氫電極的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電勢(shì)值都為0，但其他電極電勢(shì)值會(huì)受到溫度影響。以Ni/NiO電極為例，它可以用作高溫偽參比電極，在0-400°C時(shí)的電極電勢(shì)大致符合以下公式：E°(T)=-0.0003T+0.1414 ，T為溫度 編輯本段電極電勢(shì)內(nèi)容1 在酸性溶液中 (298K) 電對(duì) 方程式 Eq/V Li(I)(0) Lie

4、Li 3.0401 Cs(I)(0) CseCs 3.026 Rb(I)(0) RbeRb 2.98 K(I)(0) KeK 2.931 Ba(II)(0) Ba22eBa 2.912 Sr(II)(0) Sr22eSr 2.89 Ca(II)(0) Ca22eCa 2.868 Na(I)(0) NaeNa 2.71 La(III)(0) La33eLa 2.379 Mg(II)(0) Mg22eMg 2.372 Ce(III)(0) Ce33eCe 2.336 H(0)(I) H2(g)2e2H 2.23 Al(III)(0) AlF633eAl6F 2.069 Th(IV)(0) Th44

5、eTh 1.899 Be(II)(0) Be22eBe 1.847 U(III)(0) U33eU 1.798 Hf(IV)(0) HfO22H4eHfH2O 1.724 Al(III)(0) Al33eAl 1.662 Ti(II)(0) Ti22eTi 1.630 Zr(IV)(0) ZrO24H4eZr2H2O 1.553 Si(IV)(0) SiF624eSi6F 1.24 Mn(II)(0) Mn22eMn 1.185 Cr(II)(0) Cr22eCr 0.913 Ti(III)(II) Ti3eTi2 0.9 B(III)(0) H3BO33H3eB3H2O 0.8698 *Ti

6、(IV)(0) TiO24H4eTi2H2O 0.86 Te(0)(II) Te2H2eH2Te 0.793 Zn(II)(0) Zn22eZn 0.7618 Ta(V)(0) Ta2O510H10e2Ta5H2O 0.750 Cr(III)(0) Cr33eCr 0.744 Nb(V)(0) Nb2O5l0H10e2Nb5H2O 0.644 As(0)(III) As3H3eAsH3 0.608 U(IV)(III) U4eU3 0.607 Ga(III)(0) Ga33eGa 0.549 P(I)(0) H3PO2HeP2H2O 0.508 P(III)(I) H3PO32H2eH3PO2

7、H2O 0.499 *C(IV)(III) 2CO22H2eH2C2O4 0.49 Fe(II)(0) Fe22eFe 0.447 Cr(III)(II) Cr3eCr2 0.407 Cd(II)(0) Cd22eCd 0.4030 Se(0)(II) Se2H2eH2Se(aq) 0.399 Pb(II)(0) PbI22ePb2I 0.365 Eu(III)(II) Eu3eEu2 0.36 Pb(II)(0) PbSO42ePbSO42 0.3588 In(III)(0) In33eIn 0.3382 Tl(I)(0) TleTl 0.336 Co(II)(0) Co22eCo 0.28

8、 P(V)(III) H3PO42H2eH3PO3H2O 0.276 Pb(II)(0) PbCl22ePb2Cl 0.2675 Ni (II)(0) Ni22eNi 0.257 V(III)(II) V3eV2 0.255 Ge(IV)(0) H2GeO34H4eGe3H2O 0.182 Ag(I)(0) AgIeAgI 0.15224 Sn(II)(0) Sn22eSn 0.1375 Pb(II)(0) Pb22ePb 0.1262 *C(IV)(II) CO2(g)2H2eCOH2O 0.12 P(0)(III) P(white)3H3ePH3(g) 0.063 Hg(I)(0) Hg2

9、I22e2Hg2I 0.0405 Fe(III)(0) Fe33eFe 0.037 H(I)(0) 2H2eH2 0.0000 Ag(I)(0) AgBreAgBr 0.07133 S(II.V)(II) S4O622e2S2O32 0.08 *Ti(IV)(III) TiO22HeTi3H2O 0.1 S(0)(II) S2H2eH2S(aq) 0.142 Sn(IV)(II) Sn42eSn2 0.151 Sb(III)(0) Sb2O36H6e2Sb3H2O 0.152 Cu(II)(I) Cu2eCu 0.153 Bi(III)(0) BiOCl2H3eBiClH2O 0.1583 S

10、(VI)(IV) SO424H2eH2SO3H2O 0.172 Sb(III)(0) SbO2H3eSbH2O 0.212 Ag(I)(0) AgCleAgCl 0.22233 As(III)(0) HAsO23H3eAs2H2O 0.248 Hg(I)(0) Hg2Cl22e2Hg2Cl(飽和KCl) 0.26808 Bi(III)(0) BiO2H3eBiH2O 0.320 U(VI)(IV) UO224H2eU42H2O 0.327 C(IV)(III) 2HCNO2H2e(CN)22H2O 0.330 V(IV)(III) VO22HeV3H2O 0.337 Cu(II)(0) Cu2

11、2eCu 0.3419 Re(VII)(0) ReO48H7eRe4H2O 0.368 Ag(I)(0) Ag2CrO42e2AgCrO42 0.4470 S(IV)(0) H2SO34H4eS3H2O 0.449 Cu(I)(0) CueCu 0.521 I(0)(I) I22e2I 0.5355 I(0)(I) I32e3I 0.536 As(V)(III) H3AsO42H2eHAsO22H2O 0.560 Sb(V)(III) Sb2O56H4e2SbO3H2O 0.581 Te(IV)(0) TeO24H4eTe2H2O 0.593 U(V)(IV) UO24HeU42H2O 0.6

12、12 *Hg(II)(I) 2HgCl22eHg2Cl22Cl 0.63 Pt(IV)(II) PtCl622ePtCl422Cl 0.68 O(0)(I) O22H2eH2O2 0.695 Pt(II)(0) PtCl422ePt4Cl 0.755 *Se(IV)(0) H2SeO34H4eSe3H2O 0.74 Fe(III)(II) Fe3eFe2 0.771 Hg(I)(0) Hg222e2Hg 0.7973 Ag(I)(0) AgeAg 0.7996 Os(VIII)(0) OsO48H8eOs4H2O 0.8 N(V)(IV) 2NO34H2eN2O42H2O 0.803 Hg(I

13、I)(0) Hg22eHg 0.851 Si(IV)(0) (quartz)SiO24H4eSi2H2O 0.857 Cu(II)(I) Cu2IeCuI 0.86 N(III)(I) 2HNO24H4eH2N2O22H2O 0.86 Hg(II)(I) 2Hg22eHg22 0.920 N(V)(III) NO33H2eHNO2H2O 0.934 Pd(II)(0) Pd22ePd 0.951 N(V)(II) NO34H3eNO2H2O 0.957 N(III)(II) HNO2HeNOH2O 0.983 I(I)(I) HIOH2eIH2O 0.987 V(V)(IV) VO22HeVO

14、2H2O 0.991 V(V)(IV) V(OH)42HeVO23H2O 1.00 Au(III)(0) AuCl43eAu4Cl 1.002 Te(VI)(IV) H6TeO62H2eTeO24H2O 1.02 N(IV)(II) N2O44H4e2NO2H2O 1.035 N(IV)(III) N2O42H2e2HNO2 1.065 I(V)(I) IO36H6eI3H2O 1.085 Br(0)(I) Br2(aq)2e2Br 1.0873 Se(VI)(IV) SeO424H2eH2SeO3H2O 1.151 Cl(V)(IV) ClO32HeClO2H2O 1.152 Pt(II)(

15、0) Pt22ePt 1.18 Cl(VII)(V) ClO42H2eClO3H2O 1.189 I(V)(0) 2IO312H10eI26H2O 1.195 Cl(V)(III) ClO33H2eHClO2H2O 1.214 Mn(IV)(II) MnO24H2eMn22H2O 1.224 O(0)(II) O24H4e2H2O 1.229 Tl(III)(I) T132eTl 1.252 Cl(IV)(III) ClO2HeHClO2 1.277 N(III)(I) 2HNO24H4eN2O3H2O 1.297 *Cr(VI)(III) Cr2O7214H6e2Cr37H2O 1.33 B

16、r(I)(I) HBrOH2eBrH2O 1.331 Cr(VI)(III) HCrO47H3eCr34H2O 1.350 Cl(0)(I) Cl2(g)2e2Cl 1.35827 Cl(VII)(I) ClO48H8eCl4H2O 1.389 Cl(VII)(0) ClO48H7e1/2Cl24H2O 1.39 Au(III)(I) Au32eAu 1.401 Br(V)(I) BrO36H6eBr3H2O 1.423 I(I)(0) 2HIO2H2eI22H2O 1.439 Cl(V)(I) ClO36H6eCl3H2O 1.451 Pb(IV)(II) PbO24H2ePb22H2O 1

17、.455 Cl(V)(0) ClO36H5e1/2Cl23H2O 1.47 Cl(I)(I) HClOH2eClH2O 1.482 Br(V)(0) BrO36H5el/2Br23H2O 1.482 Au(III)(0) Au33eAu 1.498 Mn(VII)(II) MnO48H5eMn24H2O 1.507 Mn(III)(II) Mn3eMn2 1.5415 Cl(III)(I) HClO23H4eCl2H2O 1.570 Br(I)(0) HBrOHel/2Br2(aq)H2O 1.574 N(II)(I) 2NO2H2eN2OH2O 1.591 I(VII)(V) H5IO6H2

18、eIO33H2O 1.601 Cl(I)(0) HClOHe1/2Cl2H2O 1.611 Cl(III)(I) HClO22H2eHClOH2O 1.645 Ni(IV)(II) NiO24H2eNi22H2O 1.678 Mn(VII)(IV) MnO44H3eMnO22H2O 1.679 Pb(IV)(II) PbO2SO424H2ePbSO42H2O 1.6913 Au(I)(0) AueAu 1.692 Ce(IV)(III) Ce4eCe3 1.72 N(I)(0) N2O2H2eN2H2O 1.766 O(I)(II) H2O22H2e2H2O 1.776 Co(III)(II)

19、 Co3eCo2(2mol·L1 H2SO4) 1.83 Ag(II)(I) Ag2eAg 1.980 S(VII)(VI) S2O822e2SO42 2.010 O(0)(II) O32H2eO2H2O 2.076 O(II)(II) F2O2H4eH2O2F 2.153 Fe(VI)(III) FeO428H3eFe34H2O 2.20 O(0)(II) O(g)2H2eH2O 2.421 F(0)(I) F22e2F 2.866 F22H2e2HF 3.053 2 在堿性溶液中 (298K) 電對(duì) 方程式 Eq/V Ca(II)(0) Ca(OH)22eCa2OH 3.02 B

20、a(II)(0) Ba(OH)22eBa2OH 2.99 La(III)(0) La(OH)33eLa3OH 2.90 Sr(II)(0) Sr(OH)2·8H2O2eSr2OH8H2O 2.88 Mg(II)(0) Mg(OH)22eMg2OH 2.690 Be(II)(0) Be2O323H2O4e2Be6OH 2.63 Hf(IV)(0) HfO(OH)2H2O4eHf4OH 2.50 Zr(IV)(0) H2ZrO3H2O4eZr4OH 2.36 Al(III)(0) H2AlO3H2O3eAlOH 2.33 P(I)(0) H2PO2eP2OH 1.82 B(III)(0)

21、 H2BO3H2O3eB4OH 1.79 P(III)(0) HPO322H2O3eP5OH 1.71 Si(IV)(0) SiO323H2O4eSi6OH 1.697 P(III)(I) HPO322H2O2eH2PO23OH 1.65 Mn(II)(0) Mn(OH)22eMn2OH 1.56 Cr(III)(0) Cr(OH)33eCr3OH 1.48 *Zn(II)(0) Zn(CN)422eZn4CN 1.26 Zn(II)(0) Zn(OH)22eZn2OH 1.249 Ga(III)(0) H2GaO3H2O2eGa4OH 1.219 Zn(II)(0) ZnO222H2O2eZ

22、n4OH 1.215 Cr(III)(0) CrO22H2O3eCr4OH 1.2 Te(0)(I) Te2eTe2 1.143 P(V)(III) PO432H2O2eHPO323OH 1.05 *Zn(II)(0) Zn(NH3)422eZn4NH3 1.04 *W(VI)(0) WO424H2O6eW8OH 1.01 *Ge(IV)(0) HGeO32H2O4eGe5OH 1.0 Sn(IV)(II) Sn(OH)622eHSnO2H2O3OH 0.93 S(VI)(IV) SO42H2O2eSO322OH 0.93 Se(0)(II) Se2eSe2 0.924 Sn(II)(0) H

23、SnO2H2O2eSn3OH 0.909 P(0)(III) P3H2O3ePH3(g)3OH 0.87 N(V)(IV) 2NO32H2O2eN2O44OH 0.85 H(I)(0) 2H2O2eH22OH 0.8277 Cd(II)(0) Cd(OH)22eCd(Hg)2OH 0.809 Co(II)(0) Co(OH)22eCo2OH 0.73 Ni(II)(0) Ni(OH)22eNi2OH 0.72 As(V)(III) AsO432H2O2eAsO24OH 0.71 Ag(I)(0) Ag2S2e2AgS2 0.691 As(III)(0) AsO22H2O3eAs4OH 0.68

24、 Sb(III)(0) SbO22H2O3eSb4OH 0.66 *Re(VII)(IV) ReO42H2O3eReO24OH 0.59 *Sb(V)(III) SbO3H2O2eSbO22OH 0.59 Re(VII)(0) ReO44H2O7eRe8OH 0.584 *S(IV)(II) 2SO323H2O4eS2O326OH 0.58 Te(IV)(0) TeO323H2O4eTe6OH 0.57 Fe(III)(II) Fe(OH)3eFe(OH)2OH 0.56 S(0)(II) S2eS2 0.47627 Bi(III)(0) Bi2O33H2O6e2Bi6OH 0.46 N(II

25、I)(II) NO2H2OeNO2OH 0.46 *Co(II)C(0) Co(NH3)622eCo6NH3 0.422 Se(IV)(0) SeO323H2O4eSe6OH 0.366 Cu(I)(0) Cu2OH2O2e2Cu2OH 0.360 Tl(I)(0) Tl(OH)eTlOH 0.34 *Ag(I)(0) Ag(CN)2eAg2CN 0.31 Cu(II)(0) Cu(OH)22eCu2OH 0.222 Cr(VI)(III) CrO424H2O3eCr(OH)35OH 0.13 *Cu(I)(0) Cu(NH3)2eCu2NH3 0.12 O(0)(I) O2H2O2eHO2O

26、H 0.076 Ag(I)(0) AgCNeAgCN 0.017 N(V)(III) NO3H2O2eNO22OH 0.01 Se(VI)(IV) SeO42H2O2eSeO322OH 0.05 Pd(II)(0) Pd(OH)22ePd2OH 0.07 S(II,V)(II) S4O622e2S2O32 0.08 Hg(II)(0) HgOH2O2eHg2OH 0.0977 Co(III)(II) Co(NH3)63eCo(NH3)62 0.108 Pt(II)(0) Pt(OH)22ePt2OH 0.14 Co(III)(II) Co(OH)3eCo(OH)2OH 0.17 Pb(IV)(

27、II) PbO2H2O2ePbO2OH 0.247 I(V)(I) IO33H2O6eI6OH 0.26 Cl(V)(III) ClO3H2O2eClO22OH 0.33 Ag(I)(0) Ag2OH2O2e2Ag2OH 0.342 Fe(III)(II) Fe(CN)63eFe(CN)64 0.358 Cl(VII)(V) ClO4H2O2eClO32OH 0.36 *Ag(I)(0) Ag(NH3)2eAg2NH3 0.373 O(0)(II) O22H2O4e4OH 0.401 I(I)(I) IOH2O2eI2OH 0.485 *Ni(IV)(II) NiO22H2O2eNi(OH)2

28、2OH 0.490 Mn(VII)(VI) MnO4eMnO42 0.558 Mn(VII)(IV) MnO42H2O3eMnO24OH 0.595 Mn(VI)(IV) MnO422H2O2eMnO24OH 0.60 Ag(II)(I) 2AgOH2O2eAg2O2OH 0.607 Br(V)(I) BrO33H2O6eBr6OH 0.61 Cl(V)(I) ClO33H2O6eCl6OH 0.62 Cl(III)(I) ClO2H2O2eClO2OH 0.66 I(VII)(V) H3IO622eIO33OH 0.7 Cl(III)(I) ClO22H2O4eCl4OH 0.76 Br(I

29、)(I) BrOH2O2eBr2OH 0.761 Cl(I)(I) ClOH2O2eCl2OH 0.841 *Cl(IV)(III) ClO2(g)eClO2 0.95 O(0)(II) O3H2O2eO22OH 1.24 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電勢(shì)表半反應(yīng) E° (V) 來(lái)源 & -9 Zz 9 N N2(g) + H+ + e HN3(aq) -3.09 6 Li+ + e Li(s) -3.0401 5 N2(g) + 4H2O + 2e 2NH2OH(aq) + 2OH -3.04 6 Cs+ + e Cs(s) -3.026 5 Rb+ + e Rb(s) -2.98 4 K+

30、+ e K(s) -2.931 5 Ba2+ + 2e Ba(s) -2.912 5 La(OH)3(s) + 3e La(s) + 3OH -2.90 5 Sr2+ + 2e Sr(s) -2.899 5 Ca2+ + 2e Ca(s) -2.868 5 Eu2+ + 2e Eu(s) -2.812 5 Ra2+ + 2e Ra(s) -2.8 5 Na+ + e Na(s) -2.71 59 La3+ + 3e La(s) -2.379 5 Y3+ + 3e Y(s) -2.372 5 Mg2+ + 2e Mg(s) -2.372 5 ZrO(OH)2(s) + H2O + 4e Zr(s

31、) + 4OH -2.36 5 Al(OH)4 + 3e Al(s) + 4OH -2.33 Al(OH)3(s) + 3e Al(s) + 3OH -2.31 H2(g) + 2e 2H -2.25 Ac3+ + 3e Ac(s) -2.20 Be2+ + 2e Be(s) -1.85 U3+ + 3e U(s) -1.66 7 Al3+ + 3e Al(s) -1.66 9 Ti2+ + 2e Ti(s) -1.63 9 ZrO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e Zr(s) + 2H2O -1.553 5 Zr4+ + 4e Zr(s) -1.45 5 TiO(s) + 2H+ + 2e Ti

32、(s) + H2O -1.31 Ti2O3(s) + 2H+ + 2e 2TiO(s) + H2O -1.23 Ti3+ + 3e Ti(s) -1.21 Te(s) + 2e Te2 -1.143 2 V2+ + 2e V(s) -1.13 2 Nb3+ + 3e Nb(s) -1.099 Sn(s) + 4H+ + 4e SnH4(g) -1.07 Mn2+ + 2e Mn(s) -1.029 9 SiO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e Si(s) + 2H2O -0.91 B(OH)3(aq) + 3H+ + 3e B(s) + 3H2O -0.89 TiO2+ + 2H+ + 4e Ti

33、(s) + H2O -0.86 Bi(s) + 3H+ + 3e BiH3 -0.8 H2H2O + 2e H2(g) + 2OH -0.8277 5 Zn2+ + 2e Zn(Hg) -0.7628 5 Zn2+ + 2e Zn(s) -0.7618 5 Ta2O5(s) + 10H+ + 10e 2Ta(s) + 5H2O -0.75 Cr3+ + 3e Cr(s) -0.74 AuAu(CN)2 + e Au(s) + 2CN -0.60 Ta3+ + 3e Ta(s) -0.6 PbO(s) + H2O + 2e Pb(s) + 2OH -0.58 Ti2TiO2(s) + 2H+ +

34、 2e Ti2O3(s) + H2O -0.56 Ga3+ + 3e Ga(s) -0.53 U4+ + e U3+ -0.52 7 P H3PO2(aq) + H+ + e P(白磷10) + 2H2O -0.508 5 P H3PO3(aq) + 2H+ + 2e H3PO2(aq) + H2O -0.499 5 P H3PO3(aq) + 3H+ + 3e P(紅磷)10 + 3H2O -0.454 5 Fe2+ + 2e Fe(s) -0.44 9 C2CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e HOOCCOOH(aq) -0.43 Cr3+ + e Cr2+ -0.42 Cd2+ + 2e

35、Cd(s) -0.40 9 GeO2(s) + 2H+ + 2e GeO(s) + H2O -0.37 Cu2O(s) + H2O + 2e 2Cu(s) + 2OH -0.360 5 PbSO4(s) + 2e Pb(s) + SO42 -0.3588 5 PbSO4(s) + 2e Pb(Hg) + SO42 -0.3505 5 Eu3+ + e Eu2+ -0.35 7 In3+ + 3e In(s) 0.34 2 Tl+ + e Tl(s) -0.34 2 Ge(s) + 4H+ + 4e GeH4(g) -0.29 Co2+ + 2e Co(s) -0.28 5 P H3PO4(aq

36、) + 2H+ + 2e H3PO3(aq) + H2O -0.276 5 V3+ + e V2+ 0.26 9 Ni2+ + 2e Ni(s) -0.25 As(s) + 3H+ + 3e AsH3(g) -0.23 2 MoO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e Mo(s) + 2H2O -0.15 Si(s) + 4H+ + 4e SiH4(g) -0.14 Sn2+ + 2e Sn(s) -0.13 O2(g) + H+ + e HO2(aq) -0.13 Pb2+ + 2e Pb(s) -0.13 9 WO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e W(s) + 2H2O -0.12 P(紅磷) +

37、3H+ + 3e PH3(g) -0.111 5 C CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e HCOOH(aq) -0.11 Se(s) + 2H+ + 2e H2Se(g) -0.11 C CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e CO(g) + H2O -0.11 SnO(s) + 2H+ + 2e Sn(s) + H2O -0.10 SnO2(s) + 2H+ + 2e SnO(s) + H2O -0.09 WO3(aq) + 6H+ + 6e W(s) + 3H2O -0.09 2 P(白磷) + 3H+ + 3e PH3(g) -0.063 5 C HCOOH(aq) + 2H+ + 2e H

38、CHO(aq) + H2O -0.03 H 2H+ + 2e H2(g) 0 S4O62 + 2e 2S2O32 +0.08 Fe3O4(s) + 8H+ + 8e 3Fe(s) + 4H2O +0.085 8 N2(g) + 2H2O + 6H+ + 6e 2NH4OH(aq) +0.092 HgO(s) + H2O + 2e Hg(l) + 2OH +0.0977 Cu(NH3)42+ + e Cu(NH3)2+ + 2NH3 +0.10 2 Ru(NH3)63+ + e Ru(NH3)62+ +0.10 7 N2H4(aq) + 4H2O + 2e 2NH4+ + 4OH +0.11 6

39、 Mo H2MoO4(aq) + 6H+ + 6e Mo(s) + 4H2O +0.11 Ge4+ + 4e Ge(s) +0.12 C(s) + 4H+ + 4e CH4(g) +0.13 2 C HCHO(aq) + 2H+ + 2e CH3OH(aq) +0.13 S(s) + 2H+ + 2e H2S(g) +0.14 Sn4+ + 2e Sn2+ +0.15 Cu2+ + e Cu+ +0.159 2 S HSO4 + 3H+ + 2e SO2(aq) + 2H2O +0.16 UO22+ + e UO2+ +0.163 7 S SO42 + 4H+ + 2e SO2(aq) + 2

40、H2O +0.17 TiO2+ + 2H+ + e Ti3+ + H2O +0.19 Bi3+ + 2e Bi+ +0.2 SbO+ + 2H+ + 3e Sb(s) + H2O +0.20 As H3AsO3(aq) + 3H+ + 3e As(s) + 3H2O +0.24 GeO(s) + 2H+ + 2e Ge(s) + H2O +0.26 UO2+ + 4H+ + e U4+ + 2H2O +0.273 7 Re3+ + 3e Re(s) +0.300 Bi3+ + 3e Bi(s) +0.32 VO2+ + 2H+ + e V3+ + H2O +0.34 Cu2+ + 2e Cu(

41、s) +0.340 2 Fe Fe(CN)63 + e Fe(CN)64 +0.36 O2(g) + 2H2O + 4e 4OH(aq) +0.40 9 Mo H2MoO4 + 6H+ + 3e Mo3+ + 2H2O +0.43 Bi+ + e Bi(s) +0.50 C CH3OH(aq) + 2H+ + 2e CH4(g) + H2O +0.50 S SO2(aq) + 4H+ + 4e S(s) + 2H2O +0.50 Cu+ + e Cu(s) +0.520 2 C CO(g) + 2H+ + 2e C(s) + H2O +0.52 I2(s) + 2e 2I +0.54 9 I3

42、 + 2e 3I +0.53 9 Au AuI4 + 3e Au(s) + 4I +0.56 As H3AsO4(aq) + 2H+ + 2e H3AsO3(aq) + H2O +0.56 Au AuI2 + e Au(s) + 2I +0.58 MnO4 + 2H2O + 3e MnO2(s) + 4OH +0.59 S2O32 + 6H+ + 4e 2S(s) + 3H2O +0.60 Mo H2MoO4(aq) + 2H+ + 2e MoO2(s) + 2H2O +0.65 O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e H2O2(aq) +0.70 Tl3+ + 3e Tl(s) +0.72 PtC

43、l62 + 2e PtCl42 + 2Cl +0.726 7 Se H2SeO3(aq) + 4H+ + 4e Se(s) + 3H2O +0.74 PtCl42 + 2e Pt(s) + 4Cl +0.758 7 Fe3+ + e Fe2+ +0.77 Ag+ + e Ag(s) +0.7996 5 Hg22+ + 2e 2Hg(l) +0.80 N NO3(aq) + 2H+ + e NO2(g) + H2O +0.80 Au AuBr4 + 3e Au(s) + 4Br +0.85 Hg2+ + 2e Hg(l) +0.85 MnO4 + H+ + e HMnO4 +0.90 Hg 2Hg2+ + 2e Hg22+ +0.91 2 Pd2+ + 2e Pd(s) +0.915 7 Au AuCl4 + 3e Au(s) + 4Cl +0.93 MnO2(s) + 4H+ + e Mn3+ + 2H2O +0.95 Au AuBr2 + e Au(s) + 2Br +0.96 Br2(l) + 2e 2Br +1.07 Br2(aq) + 2e