（精選）2016年高考必考英語語法大全

1、2016年高考必考英語語法大全虛擬語氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用主語從句的虛擬1. It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do常見的形容詞有：necessary, important, strange,naturalIts important that he take my advice.2. It is + n. + that sb. (should) do常見的名詞有：a pity, a shame, no wonder, oneswishIts a pity that he be so silly.3. It is + done + that sb. (should)

2、do常見的過去分詞有：suggested, advised, demanded, requested,required, asked, ordered,proposed, decided, desired, insisted等。Its requested that she go home as soon aspossible.賓語從句的虛擬1. 表命令，表建議，表要求的動詞，后接賓語從句虛擬。虛擬的構(gòu)成為(should)do。I advise that he stay at home.2. wish后接從句，虛擬的構(gòu)成是往過去推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。I wish I had watched the foo

3、tball match lastnight.注意以下幾組詞或短語用于虛擬語氣中。1. as if, as thoughHe speaks English as if he were a nativespeaker.2. otherwise, but, even thoughHe was ill. Otherwise he would have beenthere.3. with, without, but forWithout your help, I would have died two yearsago.But for your help, I would have died two y

4、earsago.4. would rather Id rather you told meyourself.5. Its time thatIts time that you went to bed.Its time that you should go tobed.表語從句中的虛擬在表語從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是suggestion,proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語形式是(should)+動詞原形。如：His suggestion is that we (should) leave atonce.名詞從句部分

5、：1. that不可省略的情況2.that引導(dǎo)同位語從句和that引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別：同位語從句中的that是連詞，不做成分，只連接主從句，不能省略;定語從句中的that要代替先行詞在從句中做主語、賓語或者表語，并且做賓語時(shí)可以省略。從語義上看，同位語從句是對前面名詞的解釋、說明或內(nèi)容;而定語從句時(shí)對前面名詞的限定。We should consider the studentsrequest that theschool library provide more books onpopular science. (that引導(dǎo)同位語從句)The only hope that he expres

6、sed was that they would dowhat they could to help the peoplein disaster areas. (that引導(dǎo)定語從句)3. 要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)尤其是謂語動詞判斷從句的類型：What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Gamestook place in Beijing.本句含有一個(gè)主語從句和一個(gè)表語從句，主句的動詞為is。It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games tookplace in Beijing.本句含有一個(gè)主語從句

7、，主句的動詞為is known to。As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games tookplace in Beijing.本句含有一個(gè)定語從句，主句的動詞為took place，as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。4. 名詞性從句的語序和語態(tài)。名詞性從句均應(yīng)用陳述語序，不能用疑問語序，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該和主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。5. 名詞性從句中連詞的省略。介詞后的連詞以及引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。that引導(dǎo)名詞從句(除了引導(dǎo)第一個(gè)賓語從句可省略外)都不可省略，但是引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中做賓語時(shí)可以省略.奇速英語暑假網(wǎng)絡(luò)互動直播課程已經(jīng)來不及的不是時(shí)開

8、班啦，而是行動，心動就馬上行動，當(dāng)你還在猶豫的時(shí)候，先報(bào)名的童鞋已經(jīng)甩你很遠(yuǎn)了。that不能省略的情況：1)介詞后面的that不能省略：Peter is a good student except that he is sometimescareless.2)當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句位于句首時(shí)：That he ever did such a thing I dontbelieve.3)主句謂語動詞和that從句之間有插入語，that不省略：She said that, if she failed, she would tryagain.4)當(dāng)賓語從句有其他從屬連詞時(shí)，that不省略：He to

9、ld me that if it was necessary they would workextra time.6.名詞性從句中it的使用：為了保持句子平衡，多數(shù)情況下，it作形式主語或形式賓語，將真正的主語或賓語從句后置。定語從句關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和關(guān)系副詞when, where,why。(1)that指物時(shí)一般可與which互換，但在下列情況下，要用that而不用which。a. 先行詞有all, everything等不定代詞時(shí)，如，Everything (that) he did is wrong.b. 先行詞被all, e

10、very, no, some, any, little,much等修飾時(shí)，如，Ill read all the books (that) you lend me.c. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)，This is the first letter (that) the boy haswritten.d. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, thelast修飾時(shí)，如He is the very man (that) Im looking for.e. 只用which的情況在介詞后或在非限定性定語從句中This is the book about which

11、we have talked alot.The book, which he gave me yesterday, is veryinteresting.f. where和when作關(guān)系副詞This is the room where I worked.This is the room which I stayed in.I remembered the day when we lived there.I remembered the day that I spent there.g. as和whichas 可以放于句首，而which 不可以As you know, he is good at

12、 English.three of them 和three of whichI have a lot of books, three of which are inRussian.I have a lot of books and three of them are inRussian.(2. )“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的情況：在固定短語中介詞不能提前;判斷介詞的口訣：瞻前顧后看意義瞻前看先行詞;顧后找從句動詞;看意義看全句表達(dá)含義(3. )先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用where或者介詞加which;先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用when或者介詞加which;先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)原因

13、狀語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用why或者forwhich。(4. )注意as和which在非限制性定語從句中代表主句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容的區(qū)別：位置不同：as從句放在主句前或后均可;而which從句只能放在主句后作用不同：as從句動詞常常是seeknow等，因而相當(dāng)于插入語;which從句則在陳述一件事實(shí)。狀語從句部分1.while是高考中的高頻詞，它既可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)并列句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管”。2. no matter wh- 與wh-ever 的了解及區(qū)別：no matter wh-只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，此時(shí)與wh-ever通用。wh-ever又可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，No matter w

14、h-不能。No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should beinvited to the party.3. 在條件，時(shí)間和讓步從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來完成時(shí)，用一般過去時(shí)表過去將來時(shí)。在since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，動詞一般都用一般過去時(shí)，而主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。奇速英語暑假網(wǎng)絡(luò)互動直播課程已經(jīng)來不及的不是時(shí)開班啦，而是行動，心動就馬上行動，當(dāng)你還在猶豫的時(shí)候，先報(bào)名的童鞋已經(jīng)甩你很遠(yuǎn)了。4. 狀語從句的倒裝一般有下面幾種情況：否定詞開頭;so 加adj. 開頭;as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。5. 連

15、詞before小結(jié)：We had sailed four days before we saw land.(才)We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.(不到就)Please write it down before you forget it.(趁)Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.(還沒來得及)It will be/wasbefore要過多久才6. because, since, as引導(dǎo)原因從句的區(qū)別：because表達(dá)直接原因，語氣最強(qiáng)，回答why;since通常放句首，譯為“既然

16、”;as引導(dǎo)不談自明的原因，語氣最弱;7. as可以引導(dǎo)多種從句，要注意其中的區(qū)別。8. till, until和notuntil的區(qū)別;if和unless的區(qū)別。非謂語動詞部分動詞不定式幾點(diǎn)注意。1.下列動詞或動詞短語后接不定式：agree, seem, appear, offer, happen,wish, hope, pay,expect, long, plan, intend, promise, pretend, decide,afford, manage, choose, be said to,would like to等。2. 不定式常用的句型：tooto do (太而不能), e

17、nough todo(夠就能), so as to do/in order to do(為了)，soas todo/suchas to do(如此結(jié)果)。3. 不定式的三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：即否定結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和疑問結(jié)構(gòu)。否定結(jié)構(gòu)為“not (never) to do”;疑問結(jié)構(gòu)是特殊疑問詞“how (what, which,who, whether) to do”;復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“for/ of +名詞(或代詞賓格)+ to do ”。4. let/ make/ have/ see/ hear/ notice/ observe/ listento/ look at/ watch/feel這些動詞帶不定式作賓

18、補(bǔ)時(shí)，省掉to, 若這些動詞以被動形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，應(yīng)加上to。5. 當(dāng)前面是the first, the second, the last, need, plan,time, chance, right,determination,ability, opportunity(機(jī)會)，way時(shí)，一般用不定式作定語。6. but/ except + to do/ do結(jié)構(gòu)，要根據(jù)謂語動詞來確定其后面的形式。當(dāng)謂語動詞是do,does, did時(shí)，but后用動詞原形;謂語動詞是其他動詞時(shí)，but后用“to +動詞原形”的形式。7. 形容詞后一般用不定式(除busy, worth 兩個(gè)外)。You are sure to succeed. 你一定能成功。He is busy preparing his lessons at present.他現(xiàn)在正忙于預(yù)習(xí)功課。8. 不定式作定語和表語時(shí)，有時(shí)需要在后面放上一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。This is a bench to sit on.(這是用來坐的