2016高考英語語法填空微技能專項(xiàng)學(xué)案

1、高考英語語法填空微技能專項(xiàng)學(xué)習(xí)第一課時(shí)學(xué)案2015-11-18語法填空是通過語篇在語境中考查學(xué)生對(duì)語法和詞匯的運(yùn)用能力，語法填空分兩種形式：純空格填空題和提示性填空題。這里先講第一種情況：純空格填空題。做此類題時(shí)，首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定填哪類詞，然后根據(jù)句子的意思，確定具體填什么詞，具體分析方法有：一、限定詞若名詞前是空格，且沒有限定詞，很可能是填冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞或some、any、other、another等限定詞；有的名詞前有限定詞，比如：序數(shù)詞，形容詞的最高級(jí)等，其前用定冠詞。例1：【2015課標(biāo)II】 The adobe dwellings built by the

2、Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _ most modern of architects and engineers.例2：【2015廣東】He owned _ farm, which looked almost abandoned.例3：【2010廣東】 After the student left, the teacher let _ student taste the water.二、代詞如果句子中缺少主語或賓語，一定是填寫代詞。代詞可以代替人和事物的名稱。如果上文出現(xiàn)過某人或某事物，下文中

3、再次提起時(shí)，可以不重復(fù)，用代詞代替人和事物的名稱。例1：【2014廣東】 Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination.例2：【2010廣東】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _?”三、介詞如果名詞或代詞前是空格，

4、而該名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語、或動(dòng)詞的賓語，很可能是填介詞。例1：【2015課標(biāo)I】 For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.例2：【2015課標(biāo)II】 When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; _

5、 the same time, they warm up again for the night.四、并列連詞若兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞、短語或句子之間沒有連詞，并且是并列的關(guān)系，可能填寫并列連詞。例1：【2014課標(biāo)II】 There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.例2：【2014課標(biāo)I】 But the river wasnt changed in a few days _ even a few months.五、狀語從句的

6、連詞如果兩個(gè)句子出現(xiàn)（一套主謂關(guān)系算一個(gè)句子），其中一個(gè)句子前有空格，就要考慮兩個(gè)句子之間的關(guān)系。如果兩個(gè)句子之間沒有分號(hào)，也沒有句號(hào)，很可能前面帶空格的句子就是一個(gè)從句。根據(jù)句意判斷其是什么樣的從句，從而選擇合適的從屬連詞。例1：【2012廣東】 _he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he waswrong.例2：【2011廣東】 My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _ the bus arrived.六、名詞性

7、從句的連詞名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等，名詞性從句無論作什么成分，其前必須有連接詞，連接詞that有時(shí)候可以省略。例1：【2015課標(biāo)II】As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.例2：【2014廣東】 I didnt understand _ this would happen and my credit ca

8、rd had already been charged for the reservation.七、定語從句的關(guān)系詞定語從句不同于單詞作定語的情況，它需要放在被修飾的詞（即先行詞）之后。因此當(dāng)所填空前有一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，且空指代的是名詞，那么名詞后的從句前應(yīng)該填寫關(guān)系詞。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】 Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in

9、so many Chinese paintings.八、疑問代詞、疑問副詞等判斷句子是否用特殊疑問詞時(shí)，根據(jù)語境來確定，并考慮用什么樣的疑問詞。例：【2013廣東】 His son looked surprised, “I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, not save a bit of money?”九、it的用法It可以作形式主語、形式賓語；虛義it。例：【2009廣東】 She remembered how difficult was to

10、 choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.十、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、倒裝句的功能詞等注意考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中的that、who的一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的功能詞等。若句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后的動(dòng)詞是原形，很可能是填寫情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動(dòng)詞。例：【2014課標(biāo)II】Then the driver stood up and asked, “ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? ”總之，以上講解了語法填空題的部分微技能，例題都來自于高考真題，具有代表性。無論試題如何變化，萬變不離其宗，只要牢固掌握英語的語法

11、和詞匯知識(shí)，就一定能做好語法填空題中的純空格填空題。書面表達(dá) 高考英語書面面表達(dá)半開放提問求助信Lora是一名高中生，她想在暑假期間做兼職， 但是她的父母不同意，給編輯寫了封信，內(nèi)容如下 Dear Anna：Im a senior high school student and I want to work part-time this summer. I think it is good to do so. But my parents don't agree with me. They think I should concentrate my energy on independ

12、ent study. They also worry about my personal safety. I just can't understand them. I need your advice. Lora請(qǐng)你以報(bào)社編輯的身份給Lora寫一封回信，提出建議，讓她說服她的父母并實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的愿望。 以下是回信的主要內(nèi)容，根據(jù)所給提示，翻譯下列勺子。 1.掙些錢供養(yǎng)自己，培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立意識(shí)。（a sense of independence） 2.你能獲得工作技能，提高能力，應(yīng)付各種挑戰(zhàn)。 3.兼職工作可給你提供與他人合作的機(jī)會(huì)。 4.告訴父母你能設(shè)法處理好一切事情。（properly） 1.

13、 Make some money to support yourself and develop a sense of independence. 2. You can learn working skills, improve your ability and deal with various challenges. 3. Part-timejobs provide you with a chance to cooperate with others. 4. Tell your parents that you can manage everything properly. 高考英語語法填

14、空微技能專項(xiàng)學(xué)習(xí)第二課時(shí)學(xué)案2015-11-18真題分析：信息提示題真題分析在做語法填空題時(shí)，除了知道純空格填空的解題技巧外，也必須知道如何做空格中有提示信息的填空題。以下是如何做此類題的具體方法：一、名詞名詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)該看一下名詞前面的修飾語，或動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例1：【2015課標(biāo)I】 Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by art

15、ists in so many Chinese _ (painting).例2：【2014課標(biāo)I】 While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 二、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)遇到空中有形容詞或副詞時(shí)，要根據(jù)語境確定該詞是否有比較的含義，尤其看看其后面有沒有標(biāo)志詞t

16、han。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】 Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _ (clean) than ever.三、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是指同一詞根派生出的名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞以及反義詞等詞?？梢愿鶕?jù)該詞在句子中的所作的成分，確定該詞的轉(zhuǎn)換形式。例1：【2015課標(biāo)II】In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _ (able) to “air condition

17、” a house without using electric equipment.例2：【2015課標(biāo)II】 As _ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.例3：【2015課標(biāo)II】 Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that

18、 heat _ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.例4.【2014課標(biāo)I】Just be _ (patience).四、動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)當(dāng)空格的提示詞給的是動(dòng)詞原形時(shí)，除了考慮它的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)外，還要考慮它的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，在這種情況下，主要看主語。例1：【2015課標(biāo)II】 This cycle _ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely off

19、set(抵消) for the outside temperatures.例2：【2015課標(biāo)I】Yangshuo _ (be) really beautiful.五、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)如果空中所給的信息詞是動(dòng)詞，空前是名詞或代詞，比較復(fù)雜的時(shí)候是動(dòng)名詞、不定式或者主語從句，那么這個(gè)空缺少謂語，所以要根據(jù)上下文判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】 It was raining lightly when I _ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.六、非謂語動(dòng)詞如果句中（一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）已有謂語動(dòng)詞，所給動(dòng)詞不是該謂語的并列謂語，那么該動(dòng)詞就是非謂

20、語動(dòng)詞。若是非謂語動(dòng)詞就要確定是v.-ing形式、v.-ed形式或不定式。用非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式一定要考慮它與其邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系。例1：【2015課標(biāo)II】 When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.例2：【2015課標(biāo)I】 Abercrombie & Kent, a t

21、ravel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.例3：【2015課標(biāo)I】 A study of travelers _ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.例4：【2010廣東】 He spit it out, _ (say

22、) it was awful.總之，做有提示詞填空的題，要注意動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)及非謂語動(dòng)詞的填寫。因此建議教師在平時(shí)講課的過程中加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞的掌握，讓學(xué)生多記憶詞匯，這樣就能輕松做好語法填空信息提示題。一、考查介詞后的動(dòng)詞用-ing分詞根據(jù)英語語法，介詞后接動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)，用作賓語的動(dòng)詞原則上要用動(dòng)名詞?！镜淅縊ne morning，I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about_(be) late for school.（2014年新課標(biāo)II卷）【練習(xí)】閱讀下面句子，用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1. She rested for

23、two weeks after_ (be) in the hospital.2. I'm against_ (do) anything till the police arrive.3. The only way to tell if you like something is by_ (try) it4. The skill of _ (speak) a foreign language takes time to acquire.5. He stood in the door for several minutes before_ (decide) whether hed stay

24、.二、考查習(xí)慣上后接-ing分詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞后接另一動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)作賓語的動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上要用動(dòng)名詞，不能用不定式，比較典型的有admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish ,forbid, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, practice , suggest等。【典例】【 Still, the boy kept _ (ride). He was carrying something over his sho

25、ulder and shouting.（2014年新課標(biāo)II卷）【練習(xí)】【閱讀下面句子，用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1. The teacher keeps _ (tell) his students that the future belongs to the well-educated.2 They shouldnt allow_ (park) here; the street is too narrow.3 Her illness just an excuse to avoid _ (see) him.4 It is one thing to enjoy _ (listen) to go

26、od music, but it is quite another to play it well yourself.5 I hate to ask you this, but would you mind_(give) me a lift home?三、考查具有形容詞性質(zhì)的-ed分詞和-ing分詞的區(qū)別有些動(dòng)詞的-ed分詞和-ing分詞具有形容詞的性質(zhì)，但由于它們用法區(qū)別很大且同學(xué)們?cè)谑褂脮r(shí)常常用混所它也是語法填空的考查點(diǎn)之一?！镜淅縒hile there are_(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the c

27、hanges are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be patient（2014年新課標(biāo)卷）【練習(xí)】1. This is a very_ (interest)book. Ill buy it, however much it may cost.2. I don't think this film is by far the most_ (bore). I have seen worse.3. I don't really like th

28、e author, but I have to admit his books are very_ (excite).4. The_ (shock) news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.5. With on one to turn to in such a_ (frighten) situation, she felt very helpless.四、考查-ing分詞派生詞的用法由動(dòng)詞派出來的-ing分詞有時(shí)可以名詞化，變成名詞這也是高考英語語法填空的考點(diǎn)之一?！镜淅縊ne of my father's

29、favorite_(say) as I was growing up was “Try it”（2014年大綱樣卷）【練習(xí)】閱讀下面句子，用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1. We'll reach the sales targets in a month which we set at the_ (begin) of the year.2. If you want to find the_ (mean) of the word, look it up in a dictionary.3. Jenny nearly missed the flight as result of doing

30、too much_ (shop).4. When you finish reading this book, you will have a better_ (undertand) of life.5. A number of high_ (build) have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.五、考查-ing分詞派生詞副詞的用法具有形容詞性質(zhì)的-ing分詞，原則上不能修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞，遇此情況應(yīng)考慮將具有形容詞性質(zhì)的-ing分詞變成副詞·即在其后加上副詞后綴-ly?！镜淅縒hen we were wo

31、ndering what to do，the manager came out. She was _ (surprise) helpful.（2014年廣東卷）【練習(xí)】閱讀下面句子，用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1. With online shopping _ (increase) popular, the Internet is seen as an efficient way of reaching target customers.2. One of his charms was his ability to talk_ (amuse) on any topic.3. The World

32、 Wide Web is sometimes_ (joke) called the World Wide Wait because it can be very slow.4 John's aunt died suddenly and left him a_ (surprise) large sum.5 The report argues _ (convince) that economic help should be given to these countries.參考答案高考英語語法填空微技能專項(xiàng)學(xué)習(xí) 2015-11-18語法填空是通過語篇在語境中考查學(xué)生對(duì)語法和詞匯的運(yùn)用能力

33、，語法填空分兩種形式：純空格填空題和提示性填空題。這里先講第一種情況：純空格填空題。做此類題時(shí)，首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定填哪類詞，然后根據(jù)句子的意思，確定具體填什么詞，具體分析方法有：一、限定詞若名詞前是空格，且沒有限定詞，很可能是填冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞或some、any、other、another等限定詞；有的名詞前有限定詞，比如：序數(shù)詞，形容詞的最高級(jí)等，其前用定冠詞。例1：【2015課標(biāo)II】 The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by eve

34、n _ most modern of architects and engineers.答案與分析：the。這里名詞由形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾，因此用定冠詞。例2：【2015廣東】He owned _ farm, which looked almost abandoned.答案與分析：a。名詞farm前應(yīng)該有冠詞，因?yàn)樵谖恼轮械谝淮纬霈F(xiàn)，所以用不定冠詞。例3：【2010廣東】 After the student left, the teacher let _ student taste the water.答案與分析：another。上文談到一個(gè)學(xué)生讓老師品嘗他從沙漠里帶了來的泉水，當(dāng)那個(gè)

35、學(xué)生離開后，老師讓另一個(gè)學(xué)生品嘗這泉水的味道。根據(jù)語境這里填寫限定詞another。二、代詞如果句子中缺少主語或賓語，一定是填寫代詞。代詞可以代替人和事物的名稱。如果上文出現(xiàn)過某人或某事物，下文中再次提起時(shí)，可以不重復(fù)，用代詞代替人和事物的名稱。例1：【2014廣東】 Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination.答案與分析：it。第二個(gè)句子

36、中的賓語從句缺主語，這里it代替前文提到過的Miami。例2：【2010廣東】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _?”答案與分析：it。這個(gè)句子缺賓語，用it代替前文提到過的物water。三、介詞如果名詞或代詞前是空格，而該名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語、或動(dòng)詞的賓語，很可能是填介詞。例1：【2015課標(biāo)I】 For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away _ car and offers all th

37、e scenery of the better-known city.答案與分析：by。這里的car不作主語、表語或動(dòng)詞的賓語，可以看出其前面應(yīng)該填寫介詞，這里的介詞短語作狀語。例2：【2015課標(biāo)II】 When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; _ the same time, they warm up again for the night.答案與分析：at。at the same t

38、ime是固定搭配。四、并列連詞若兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞、短語或句子之間沒有連詞，并且是并列的關(guān)系，可能填寫并列連詞。例1：【2014課標(biāo)II】 There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.答案與分析：and?！癟here were many people waiting at the bus stop”是個(gè)完整的句子，“some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.”也是個(gè)完整的句子，

39、兩句之間是并列關(guān)系。例2：【2014課標(biāo)I】 But the river wasnt changed in a few days _ even a few months.答案與分析：or。a few days和a few months是兩個(gè)并列的短語。五、狀語從句的連詞如果兩個(gè)句子出現(xiàn)（一套主謂關(guān)系算一個(gè)句子），其中一個(gè)句子前有空格，就要考慮兩個(gè)句子之間的關(guān)系。如果兩個(gè)句子之間沒有分號(hào)，也沒有句號(hào)，很可能前面帶空格的句子就是一個(gè)從句。根據(jù)句意判斷其是什么樣的從句，從而選擇合適的從屬連詞。例1：【2012廣東】 _he thought he could escape atte

40、ntion by sitting at the back, he waswrong.答案與分析：Although/Though。這里有兩個(gè)句子，“_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back”和“he was wrong.”，且兩個(gè)句子之間沒有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，根據(jù)句意可知，第一個(gè)句子是讓步狀語從句。例2：【2011廣東】 My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _ the bus arrived.答案與分析：until/till。這里有兩個(gè)

41、句子“My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me”和“_ the bus arrived.”第二個(gè)句子前有空，根據(jù)句意可知，第二個(gè)句子是時(shí)間狀語從句。六、名詞性從句的連詞名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等，名詞性從句無論作什么成分，其前必須有連接詞，連接詞that有時(shí)候可以省略。例1：【2015課標(biāo)II】As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed

42、to be to make the cycle work on most days.答案與分析：how。因?yàn)椤?the Pueblo Indians figured out”和“.the adobe walls needed to be.”是兩套主謂關(guān)系，即兩個(gè)句子，它們之間沒有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，空格處必定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意，確定填寫連詞how。例2：【2014廣東】 I didnt understand _ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.答案與分析：why

43、?！癐 didnt understand”和“this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.”是兩套主謂關(guān)系，即兩個(gè)句子，它們之間沒有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，空格處必定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意，確定填寫連詞why。七、定語從句的關(guān)系詞定語從句不同于單詞作定語的情況，它需要放在被修飾的詞（即先行詞）之后。因此當(dāng)所填空前有一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，且空指代的是名詞，那么名詞后的從句前應(yīng)該填寫關(guān)系詞。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】 Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place f

44、or tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.答案與分析：that/which。這里有兩套主謂關(guān)系，“Id skipped nearby Guilin.”和“are pictured.”， 兩句之間沒有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，空格處必定是填連詞或關(guān)系詞；根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，第二個(gè)句子少主語，先行詞是Guilin，根據(jù)定語從句中關(guān)系詞的使用規(guī)則，這里填寫that/which。八、疑問

45、代詞、疑問副詞等判斷句子是否用特殊疑問詞時(shí)，根據(jù)語境來確定，并考慮用什么樣的疑問詞。例：【2013廣東】 His son looked surprised, “I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, not save a bit of money?”答案與分析：why。上文談到父親讓兒子去買鹽，告訴兒子付錢的時(shí)候不可以多付。也不可以少付。兒子不解地問：“如果我能少付錢的話，為什么我不省點(diǎn)錢呢？”九、it的用法It可以作形式主語、形式賓語；虛義it。例：【2009廣東】&#

46、160;She remembered how difficult was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.答案與分析：it。這里it在賓語從句中作形式主語，從句中真正的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式“to choose.”。十、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、倒裝句的功能詞等注意考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中的that、who的一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的功能詞等。若句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后的動(dòng)詞是原形，很可能是填寫情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動(dòng)詞。例：【2014課標(biāo)II】Then the driver stood up and asked, “ anyone los

47、e a suitcase at the last stop? ”答案與分析：Did。根據(jù)本句中l(wèi)ast stop可知，句子的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是過去時(shí)態(tài)，因此一般疑問句的助動(dòng)詞是did?？傊?，以上講解了語法填空題的部分微技能，例題都來自于高考真題，具有代表性。無論試題如何變化，萬變不離其宗，只要牢固掌握英語的語法和詞匯知識(shí)，就一定能做好語法填空題中的純空格填空題。真題分析：信息提示題真題分析在做語法填空題時(shí)，除了知道純空格填空的解題技巧外，也必須知道如何做空格中有提示信息的填空題。以下是如何做此類題的具體方法：一、名詞名詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)該看一下名詞前面的修飾語，或動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例1：【2015課

48、標(biāo)I】 Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _ (painting).答案與分析：paintings。該詞前面有限定詞many，因此用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例2：【2014課標(biāo)I】 While there are amazing stories of instant transformat

49、ion, for most of us the _ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 答案與分析：changes。該詞后面的動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此change用復(fù)數(shù)形式。二、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)遇到空中有形容詞或副詞時(shí)，要根據(jù)語境確定該詞是否有比較的含義，尤其看看其后面有沒有標(biāo)志詞than。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】 Finally, that hard work paid off and now the wa

50、ter in the river is _ (clean) than ever.答案與分析：cleaner。根據(jù)后面比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志詞than，這里應(yīng)該使用比較級(jí)。三、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是指同一詞根派生出的名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞以及反義詞等詞?？梢愿鶕?jù)該詞在句子中的所作的成分，確定該詞的轉(zhuǎn)換形式。例1：【2015課標(biāo)II】In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _ (able) to “air condition” a house without using elec

51、tric equipment.答案與分析：ability。their后接名詞。例2：【2015課標(biāo)II】 As _ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.答案與分析：natural。名詞前用形容詞修飾。例3：【2015課標(biāo)II】 Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot da

52、ys and give out that heat _ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.答案與分析：slowly。這里需要副詞修飾動(dòng)詞短語give out。例4.【2014課標(biāo)I】Just be _ (patience).答案與分析：patient。這里應(yīng)該是形容詞作表語。四、動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)當(dāng)空格的提示詞給的是動(dòng)詞原形時(shí)，除了考慮它的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)外，還要考慮它的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，在這種情況下，主要看主語。例1：【2015課標(biāo)II】 This cycle _ (go) day after day: The walls warm

53、up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.答案與分析： goes。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語day after day和后面的句子中使用的時(shí)態(tài)，可以確定該動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)形式，主語是單數(shù)，因此動(dòng)詞用數(shù)三人稱單數(shù)形式。例2：【2015課標(biāo)I】Yangshuo _ (be) really beautiful.答案與分析：is。主語是單三人稱，因此用is。五、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)如果空中所給的信息詞是動(dòng)詞，空前是名詞

54、或代詞，比較復(fù)雜的時(shí)候是動(dòng)名詞、不定式或者主語從句，那么這個(gè)空缺少謂語，所以要根據(jù)上下文判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】 It was raining lightly when I _ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.答案與分析：arrived。所給動(dòng)詞arrive前是代詞I，這里應(yīng)該是謂語動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)橹骶涞臅r(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)態(tài)，因此這里用過去時(shí)態(tài)。六、非謂語動(dòng)詞如果句中（一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）已有謂語動(dòng)詞，所給動(dòng)詞不是該謂語的并列謂語，那么該動(dòng)詞就是非謂語動(dòng)詞。若是非謂語動(dòng)詞就要確定是v.-ing形式、v.-ed形式或不定式。用非謂語動(dòng)詞的形

55、式一定要考慮它與其邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系。例1：【2015課標(biāo)II】 When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.答案與分析：to cool。句子“the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ (cool) the h

56、ouse during the hot day”中的謂語動(dòng)詞have given up和are并列，所給動(dòng)詞前面沒有其他連詞，cool表示結(jié)果，因此用to cool。例2：【2015課標(biāo)I】 Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.答案與分析：living。live與前面的people不能形成主謂關(guān)系，又因?yàn)閘ive與people的

57、關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞living作定語，修飾中心詞people。例3：【2015課標(biāo)I】 A study of travelers _ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.答案與分析：conducted。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子里有謂語動(dòng)詞names，所給動(dòng)詞不是names的并列謂語，它與前面名詞的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞作定語。例4：【2010廣東】 He spit it out, _ (say) it was awful.答案與分析：saying。在這里 say前沒有并列連詞，因此可以推斷不是并列謂語，