考研英語段落排序題

1、2010 年考研英語Part B 新題型部分，第一次考到了新題型的段落排序題，但是與考研大綱不同的是，這次段落排序題不是5 選5 ，而是6 選5 ，有一個(gè)不能選的段落。這是讓廣大考生感到?jīng)]有思想準(zhǔn)備的一道題。題目要求中明確指出，本題共出現(xiàn)標(biāo)號(hào)從A 到 G 的 7個(gè)段落，其中E段的位置已經(jīng)給出，而要求從 A, B, C,D,F, G這6個(gè)段落中選取5段，并結(jié) 合已經(jīng)給的 E 段，進(jìn)行排序。題目的素材。選自 2003 年第一期麥肯錫周刊 (The Mckinsey Quartly) 。請注意，這已經(jīng)是這本注明的經(jīng)濟(jì)管理類雜志第二次入選考研英語試題的素材庫了。原文的名字叫“ A wholesale

2、shift in European groceries ”，翻譯成漢語，為“歐洲日常用品銷售向批發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)型”。整 個(gè)文章主要描述的目前歐洲的日用消費(fèi)品零售商(主要是連鎖大超市集團(tuán))在歐洲面臨的困境缺乏增長動(dòng)力。 而它們卻忽視了現(xiàn)在消費(fèi)者的習(xí)慣正在發(fā)生改變這一事實(shí)。 下面我們 來分析一下新題型這道題的解題方法。AThe first and more important is the consume r s growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than hours ha

3、s risen from about 32 percent of total consumption on 1995 to 35% in 2000 and is expected to approach 38% by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5% a year as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend keep a tighter hol

4、d on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternation.B Retail, sales of food and drink in Europe slargest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retails have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and ex

5、pansion aboard. But almost all have ignored the big profitable opportunity in their own back yard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.C Will such variations bring about a change in overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely

6、not. The functioning of the market is base on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide. What to buy. At any rate, this change and international consumers,regardless of how long thecurrent consumer pattern will take hold.D

7、 All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may

8、 well expect to rank in substantial profits thereby. At last, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest nation market especially in their customer segment and wholesale structures, a as well as the competitive dynamics.E Despite variations in

9、detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined-France, Germany are made out of the same building block. Demand mainlyfrom two sources: in dependent mom and -pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight when they don t eat at home. Su

10、ch food service operators,but most of these businesses are known in the t rade as “ horeca h”：otels, restaurant and cafes. Overall, Europe s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figure when assed together, mask too opposing trends.F F

11、or example, wholesale food and drink sales came to 268 billion in France, Germany, Spain, America in 2000 - more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail ; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europe

12、ans eat out more often ;and in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last man it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.G However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers land even some large food producers and existing wholesalers, from trying their hand, foe

13、those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.7 / 8解題步驟與思路：一歸納 6 個(gè)選項(xiàng)的段落大意，同時(shí)注意兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間的聯(lián)系。通過閱讀閱讀選項(xiàng)【B】 ，我們歸納出其中心意思是： 歐洲市場的日用品零售市場已經(jīng)停止， 因此大部分零售商已經(jīng)嘗試電子商務(wù)， 但是幾乎所有的零售商都無視了日用品的批發(fā)業(yè)務(wù)， 認(rèn)為它應(yīng)該是一個(gè)大的， 賺 錢的機(jī)會(huì)。同時(shí)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，【F】選項(xiàng)是在具體的說明批發(fā)業(yè)務(wù)給法國，德國，意大利等國家 帶來的巨大利益，這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間的關(guān)系屬于典型的觀

14、點(diǎn) + 例證的邏輯關(guān)系，所以我們可以選定應(yīng)t是1B1,然后是F。B選項(xiàng)的末句和選項(xiàng)【F】有詞匯上照應(yīng)，這連個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間 都出現(xiàn)了 wholesale food and drink 這幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞。二.選項(xiàng)【D】和【G】之間可以憑借同義詞替換來尋找做題的關(guān)鍵。因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng)【 D】最后一 句 New skills and unfamilar business models are needed too. 和G選項(xiàng)中的這幾個(gè)詞匯首 尾呼應(yīng)： none of these requirements ，屬于典型的同義詞替換+指代原則 (none of these ) 的做題原則。因此這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是先選【 D】

15、，再選【 G】 。三 由于 【 E】 選項(xiàng)已經(jīng)給出， 段落排序的原則是重視首末句， 通過閱讀末句我們發(fā)現(xiàn)， mask two opposing trends (掩蓋了兩個(gè)對(duì)立的傾向)。而A選項(xiàng)的開頭是提到：The first and moreimportant is the consumers ' growing preference for eating out 提至 U 的是消費(fèi)者種夕卜出吃 飯的偏愛。重要的是用了數(shù)字the first 指代前面提到的趨勢。所以我們應(yīng)該先把45 題確定為A選項(xiàng)。如果把A選項(xiàng)看成是第一段的同學(xué)，根本是在亂選，根據(jù)一般的出題規(guī)律，沒 有這么把最明顯的詞

16、匯放在句首作為做題的重要依據(jù)的。四選項(xiàng)【C】的主題是談到市場結(jié)構(gòu)變化的問題，也提到影響市場運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的因素。但是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有出現(xiàn)與前面6 段主題一致的中心詞匯，比如； retail, wholesale, food and drink 等，它的最大的干擾來自“ market ”這個(gè)詞語，只可惜不是段落的中心詞匯。五現(xiàn)在重要的是BFDG 的順序問題。如果一旦錯(cuò)誤，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致四道題全錯(cuò)。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)8 的末句說大部分大型的零售商無視了 wholesale 的重要性，即沒有充分意識(shí)到它的重要性，屬于典型的首開wholesale food and drink 話題的寫作方式，而且在接下來的段落里都是圍繞 wh

17、olesale 這個(gè)話題展開的，因此第一段應(yīng)該選 B 。六 參考答案：41-45【 B】 【 F】 【 D】 【G】 【 A】 。Directions ： The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. ForQuestions 41 45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into acoherent article by choosing from the list A E to fill in each numbered box. Thefirst and the l

18、ast paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A “ I just don t know how to motivate them to do a better job. We rein a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. Infact, we ll probably have to lay some people off in the

19、 near future. It s hme to make the job interesting and challenging because it isnit s boring, t routine paperwork, and there isn t much you can do about it.B “ Finally, I can t say to them that their promotions will hinge on theexcellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it s not true. If

20、 theirperformance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying onthe force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act.Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill outforms. All through their career it is the arrests and in

21、terventions that get noticed.C “ I ve got a real problem with my officers . They come on the force asyoung, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars oron a beat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the actioninvolved in crime prevention, and the appr

22、ehension of criminals. They also likehelping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.D “Some people have suggested a number of things like usings not fairll win. Weconviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know that too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork inc

23、reases the chance thatyou lose in court, but good paperwork doesn t necessarily mean youtried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but theguys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why sho

24、uld they labor when there was no payoff.E “ The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate todo the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual repor

25、ts. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.F “ So I just don t know what to do. I ve been groping in the dark i

26、n anumber of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this probl em of mine and help me out in my future work.”G A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At o

27、ne of these sessions the topic to be discussed wasmotivation - how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussionOrder:G-41-42-43-44-45-F步驟一、理解給定的段落確定文章的文體與結(jié)構(gòu)。理解給定的段落內(nèi)容（段落中間有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，看轉(zhuǎn)折詞所在句;無轉(zhuǎn)折詞看段首句、第二句，有時(shí)包含段尾句），重點(diǎn)關(guān)注動(dòng)作

28、內(nèi)容。第 G 段：A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation - how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job.利

29、用名詞主體論動(dòng)作決定論提煉信息為： was putting on a number ofseminars 舉行一系列的論壇“” ;the topic to be discussed was motivation供討論的主題是主動(dòng)性” . 表明該段敘述“ 議題 ” ，確定本文是議論文。步驟二、理解供排序的段落確定段落的內(nèi)容方向。理解供排序段落內(nèi)容（段落中間有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，看轉(zhuǎn)折詞所在句;無轉(zhuǎn)折詞看段首句、第二句，有時(shí)包含段尾句），重點(diǎn)關(guān)注動(dòng)作內(nèi)容。第 A 段： “ I just don t know how to motivate them to do a better job.We re in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal.利用名詞主體論動(dòng)作決定論提煉信息為： motivate them to do a betterjob “鼓勵(lì)他們作好工作” ;budget crunch 預(yù)算危機(jī) “” ; no financial rewards 經(jīng)濟(jì)獎(jiǎng) “勵(lì) ” . 表明該段敘述 “（ 自己的 ）對(duì)策 ”第 B 段： “Finally, I can ' t say to them that their promotions will hing