機(jī)械原理課程設(shè)計(jì)(臺式電風(fēng)扇的搖頭裝置)

1、江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)機(jī)械原理課程設(shè)計(jì)目 錄1臺式電風(fēng)扇搖頭裝置的功能與設(shè)計(jì)要求·································31.1工作原理及工藝過程·········

2、·······································31.2功能分解·········

3、3;················································31.3原始數(shù)據(jù)及設(shè)

4、計(jì)要求················································31.3.1 原始

5、數(shù)據(jù)·················································

6、3;······31.3.2 設(shè)計(jì)要求··········································

7、;··············31.4設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)··································

8、83;·······················32執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)·························

9、····························42.1（方案）····················

10、3;·····································42.2（方案）···········&#

11、183;··············································42.3（方案）··

12、··················································

13、······52.4（方案）··········································

14、3;···············63執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的輔助構(gòu)件設(shè)計(jì) ································&#

15、183;···········63.1滑銷控制機(jī)構(gòu)（方案） ····································

16、;········63.2齒輪控制機(jī)構(gòu)（方案）·······································

17、83;······74減速機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)··········································

18、···········74.1蝸桿減速機(jī)構(gòu)（方案）····································

19、3;·········74.2錐齒輪減速機(jī)構(gòu)（方案）······································&

20、#183;·····74.3行星輪系減速機(jī)構(gòu)（方案）·········································

21、83;75方案的確定················································&#

22、183;·······85.1原動機(jī)的選擇········································

23、3;············85.2傳動方案確定····································

24、·················85.3有關(guān)參數(shù)及相關(guān)計(jì)算 ······························

25、3;················85.3.1相關(guān)計(jì)算································

26、························85.3.2傳動構(gòu)件的尺寸確定·······················

27、83;·························86尺寸與運(yùn)動綜合·······················

28、·····························96.1執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)尺寸設(shè)計(jì)···················

29、·······························96.2驗(yàn)算曲柄存在條件即最小傳動角················

30、······················106.2.1曲柄存在條件··························

31、;···························106.2.2最小傳動角驗(yàn)算····················

32、83;·······························117.系統(tǒng)總圖·················&

33、#183;·········································118.總體評價(jià)·······

34、;··················································

35、;··118.1課題總結(jié)··············································&#

36、183;··········118.2存在問題······································

37、;···················12參考文獻(xiàn)······························

38、;·······························121臺式電風(fēng)扇搖頭裝置的功能與設(shè)計(jì)要求1.1工作原理及工藝過程1.2功能分解電風(fēng)扇的工作原理是將電風(fēng)扇的送風(fēng)區(qū)域進(jìn)行周期性變換，達(dá)到增大送風(fēng)區(qū)域的目的。顯然，為了完成電風(fēng)扇的擺頭動作，需實(shí)現(xiàn)下列運(yùn)動功能要求：（1）風(fēng)扇需要按

39、運(yùn)動規(guī)律做左右擺動，因此需要設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的擺動機(jī)構(gòu)。（2）風(fēng)扇需要轉(zhuǎn)換傳動軸線和改變轉(zhuǎn)速，因此需要設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的齒輪系機(jī)構(gòu)。對這兩個機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動功能作進(jìn)一步分析，可知它們分別應(yīng)該實(shí)現(xiàn)下列基本運(yùn)動：（3）左右擺動有三個基本運(yùn)動：運(yùn)動軸線變換、傳動比降低和周期性擺動。（4）轉(zhuǎn)換運(yùn)動軸線和改變傳動比有一個基本動作：運(yùn)動軸線變換。此外，還要滿足傳動性能要求：改變電風(fēng)扇的送風(fēng)區(qū)域時(shí)，在急回系數(shù)K1.015、擺動角度=85°的要求下，盡量保持運(yùn)動的平穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)換和減小機(jī)構(gòu)間的摩擦。運(yùn)動功能圖1.3原始數(shù)據(jù)及設(shè)計(jì)要求1.3.1 原始數(shù)據(jù)風(fēng)扇直徑為300mm，電扇電動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速n=1450r/min，電扇搖頭周期T=1

40、0s。電扇擺動角度=85°與急回系數(shù)k=1.015。1.3.2 設(shè)計(jì)要求設(shè)計(jì)臺式電風(fēng)扇的搖頭裝置要求能按給定的急回系數(shù)和擺角左右擺動，以實(shí)現(xiàn)一個動力下扇葉旋轉(zhuǎn)和搖頭動作的聯(lián)合運(yùn)動。1.4設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)1按給定主要參數(shù)，擬定機(jī)械傳動系統(tǒng)總體方案。2畫機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動簡圖。3分配蝸輪蝸桿、齒輪傳動比，確定他們的基本參數(shù)，設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算幾何尺寸。4解析法確定平面連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動學(xué)尺寸，它應(yīng)滿足擺角及形成速比系數(shù)k。并對平面連桿機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行運(yùn)動分析，繪制運(yùn)動線圖。并驗(yàn)算曲柄存在條件，驗(yàn)算最小傳動角（最大壓力角）。5提出調(diào)節(jié)擺角的結(jié)構(gòu)方案，并進(jìn)行分析計(jì)算。6編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書。7進(jìn)一步完成臺式電風(fēng)扇搖頭機(jī)構(gòu)的計(jì)算機(jī)動態(tài)演示

41、驗(yàn)證。2執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)2.1（方案）通過構(gòu)件2對構(gòu)件3做相對的圓周轉(zhuǎn)動使構(gòu)件3擺動，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)電風(fēng)扇的搖頭動作，如圖1。圖1圖1 方案立體圖2.2（方案）當(dāng)圓柱凸輪回轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，凹槽側(cè)面迫使構(gòu)件2擺動，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)電風(fēng)扇的搖頭功能，如圖2。圖22.3（方案）當(dāng)圓盤回轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，凹槽帶動槽輪使導(dǎo)桿擺動，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)電風(fēng)扇的搖頭功能，如圖3。圖32.4（方案）在曲柄2回轉(zhuǎn)的過程中，桿1實(shí)現(xiàn)擺動，從而產(chǎn)生使電風(fēng)扇搖頭的功能，如圖4。圖4由以上四個方案可以看出：方案二、三、四的機(jī)構(gòu)都很難難制造且精度要求高，制造成本也相對要高。傳動機(jī)構(gòu)也相對比較復(fù)雜，且齒輪數(shù)目太多，制造起來麻煩。方案一結(jié)構(gòu)更簡單，成本相對較低。方案三和方案

42、四相似，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜制造成本太高較二還高。因此不難看出，方案一相對較好。所以搖頭機(jī)構(gòu)選擇方案一。3執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的輔助構(gòu)件設(shè)計(jì) 3.1滑銷控制機(jī)構(gòu)（方案） 通過滑銷和錐齒輪卡和以實(shí)現(xiàn)是否搖頭的運(yùn)動。當(dāng)滑銷下滑實(shí)現(xiàn)搖頭，上提則停止搖頭，如圖5。圖53.2齒輪控制機(jī)構(gòu)（方案）通過兩個直齒輪的嚙合與否來控制是否搖頭，兩個齒輪嚙合時(shí)電風(fēng)扇搖頭、不嚙合時(shí)就不搖頭，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了是否搖頭的控制，如圖6。圖64減速機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)4.1蝸桿減速機(jī)構(gòu)（方案）如圖7圖74.2錐齒輪減速機(jī)構(gòu)（方案）如圖8圖84.3行星輪系減速機(jī)構(gòu)（方案）如圖9圖95方案的確定5.1原動機(jī)的選擇籠式三相異步電動機(jī)，使用三相交流電、轉(zhuǎn)速與旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場轉(zhuǎn)速不

43、同，可以進(jìn)行幾檔變速。而且籠式電動機(jī)的具有簡單、體積小、易維護(hù)、價(jià)格低、壽命長連續(xù)運(yùn)動特性好、轉(zhuǎn)速受負(fù)載轉(zhuǎn)矩波動的影響小和硬機(jī)械特性等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。這些特性能夠滿足臺式電風(fēng)扇搖頭裝置的工作特性，所以選擇籠式三相異步電動機(jī)作為原動機(jī)。5.2傳動方案確定綜合考慮后得出以下傳動方案：在電動機(jī)主軸尾部連接蝸輪蝸桿速機(jī)構(gòu)以實(shí)現(xiàn)減速，蝸輪在與小齒輪連成一體，小齒輪帶動大齒輪，大齒輪與鉸鏈四桿機(jī)構(gòu)的連桿做成一體，并以 鉸鏈四桿機(jī)構(gòu)的連桿為原動件，則機(jī)架、兩個連架桿都做擺動，其中一個連架桿相對機(jī)架的擺動即是搖頭動作。扇葉直接接到原動機(jī)上，既可以實(shí)現(xiàn)電風(fēng)扇的功能。5.3有關(guān)參數(shù)及相關(guān)計(jì)算 5.3.1相關(guān)計(jì)算電動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速r

44、=1450r/min 搖頭周期T=10s 總的傳動比n=，蝸桿頭數(shù)Z1=1，蝸輪的齒數(shù)Z2=62，小齒輪齒數(shù)Z3與大齒輪齒數(shù)Z4 的確定由n 12 =62；n 34 =；n=n12 xn34；則 n34 =。則取Z3 =18；Z4 =70。5.3.2傳動構(gòu)件的尺寸確定查閱相關(guān)資料后?。簼u開線圓柱齒輪基本參數(shù)取齒輪的齒數(shù)分別為z3=18，z4=70。模數(shù)m=1.25，ha*=1， c*=0.25（ha*為齒頂高系數(shù)，c*為頂隙系數(shù)），壓力角=200。分度圓直徑d3=m z3=1.25x18=22.5（mm）；d4=m z4=1.25x70=87.5（mm）。齒頂高h(yuǎn)a= ha*m=m=1.25m

45、m。齒根高h(yuǎn)f=（ ha*+ c*）m=（1+0.25）x1.25=2.8125（mm）。齒全高h(yuǎn)=ha+hf=1.25+2.8125=4.0625（mm）。齒頂圓直徑da3= d3+2ha=22.5+2x1.25=25（mm）；da4= d4+2ha=87.5+2x1.25=90（mm）。齒根圓直徑df3= d3-2hf=22.5-2x2.8125=16.875（mm）；df4= d4-2 hf=87.5-2x2.8125=81.875（mm）?；鶊A直徑db3= d3cos=22.5xcos200=21.14（mm）；db4= d4cos=87.5x cos200=82.22（mm）。齒距p

46、=m=3.14x1.25=3.93（mm）。齒厚s=m/2=1.96（mm）。齒槽寬e=m/2=1.96（mm）。中心距a=（d3+ d4）/2=55mm。頂隙c= c*m=0.25x1.25=0.3125（mm）。普通圓柱蝸桿傳動幾何尺寸計(jì)算查表取得：中心距a取40mm，i=62，m=1，d1=18，z1=1，z2=62，x2=0.0000，=3010/47/，ha*=1， c*=0.25。齒形角=200（ZA型）。蝸輪變?yōu)橄禂?shù)x2=0.0000。蝸桿軸向齒距px=m=3.14mm。蝸桿齒頂高h(yuǎn)a1= ha*m=1mm。頂隙c= c*m=0.25mm。蝸桿齒根高h(yuǎn)f1=（ ha*+ c*）m

47、=1.25mm。蝸桿齒高h(yuǎn)1=ha1+hf1=2.25mm。蝸桿齒寬b1取19.5mm。蝸輪分度圓直徑d2=m z2=62mm。蝸輪齒根圓直徑df2=d2-2hf2=59.5mm。蝸輪齒頂高h(yuǎn)a2=m（ha*+ x2）=1mm。蝸輪齒根高h(yuǎn)f2=m（ha*- x2+ c*）=1.25mm。蝸輪齒高h(yuǎn)2= ha2+hf2=2.25mm。蝸輪齒頂圓弧半徑Ra2= d1/2-m=8mm。蝸桿軸向齒厚sx1= px/2=1.57mm。蝸桿法向齒厚sn1= sx1cos=1.568mm。蝸桿節(jié)圓直徑d1/=d1+2x2m=18mm。蝸輪節(jié)圓直徑d2/=d2=62mm。6尺寸與運(yùn)動綜合6.1執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)尺寸設(shè)

48、計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 （1）由急回系數(shù)K計(jì)算極位夾角。由式=180，其中K=1.015；得=1.340（2）選定比例尺按已知條件畫出搖桿BC的兩個極限位置C1D和C2D，連C1,C2兩點(diǎn)，以C1為直角頂做C2C1M=85º,再做C1C2N=85º,C1M與C2N交于P點(diǎn)，以PC2為直徑做C1C2P的外接圓。在此圓上任取一點(diǎn)A作為曲柄的固定鉸鏈中心，連接AC1和AC2因同一圓弧的圓周角相等，故C1AC2=C1PC2=，令A(yù)B=a,BC=b,CD=c,DA=d.則AC1 =b-a,AC2=b+a。圖一（總體示意圖）圖二（局部圖）（3）上圖四桿機(jī)構(gòu)若取AD為機(jī)架則為曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)，而電風(fēng)扇的搖頭四桿機(jī)構(gòu)是要是雙搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)，所以取以CD為機(jī)架的倒置四桿機(jī)構(gòu)。（4）計(jì)算各桿的實(shí)際長度。分別量取圖中AB、B2C2、C1D、AD的長度，計(jì)算得a=µAB1=0.6µ，b=µB2C2=1.94µ，c=µC2D=µ，d=µAD=2.02µ。（C2D=1mm）因?yàn)楸驹O(shè)計(jì)使用曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的倒置機(jī)構(gòu)（即雙搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)），所以取桿