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1、一、形容詞和副詞的概念形容詞:是修飾名詞(人或事物),表示名 詞的性質(zhì),特征或?qū)傩砸环N詞類。 它在句中作定語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。副詞:用來修飾動詞、形容詞及其他副詞的詞叫副詞。副詞在句中多作狀語.二、形容詞和副詞的用法形容詞作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。如:a new book, two big trees等。形容詞放在系動詞 be , get, turn, become, keep, stay, look, smell, feel, taste, sound,等之后。如:1.I am short.2.She looks fine.3.They turn green.如果形容詞修飾不定代詞

2、something,anything, everything, nothing 等時,要放在不定代詞后面。如:something interesting nothing new副詞放在所修飾的動詞之后、形容詞和副詞之前。如果前面是行為動詞,則后面用副詞。如:1.She works hard .(修飾動詞)2.I am very busy.(修飾形容詞)3 .He runs too quickly .(修飾副詞)4 .We play happily.(修飾動詞)通常在形容詞后加-ly變成副詞。slow >usual teasy real careful> happyheavy ang

3、ry一 i形容詞副詞比較級最高級變化形式歸納大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化,即原級、比較級和最高級, 用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形,比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和 不規(guī)則變化兩種。規(guī)則變化i.單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的詞后面直接加-er 或-est原級比較級最高級talltallertallestsmartsmartersmartestshortshortershortest特別提醒:以-y,-er, -ow, le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞末尾加 er和est如:healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, laz

4、y, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow 等。2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾只加-r或-st原級比較級最高級nicenicernicestfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargest3.“以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞改y為i ,再加-er或-est原級比較級最高級easyeasiereasiestprettyprettierprettiesthappyhappierhappiestfunnyfunnierfunniestbusybusierbusiest4.以一個元音加一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,雙寫后面的輔音字母,再加-er 或-est原級比較級1最高級th

5、inthinnerthinnesthothotterhottestbigbiggerbiggest特別提醒:new, few, slow, clean等詞含有字母組合,且發(fā)的是長元音,不用雙寫。5.大部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)的詞,要在前面加more, most原級比較級最高級1beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulimportantmore importantmost importantinterestingmore interestingmost interestingexpensivemore expensivemost expensivepopularmo

6、re popularmost popular特別提醒:以形容前綴un構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況,如 unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest, untidy-untidier-untidiest6.以形容詞+ly構(gòu)成的副詞要在前面加 more, most原級比較級最高級slowlymore slowlymost slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyangrilymore angrilymost angrilysoftlymore softlymost softlynoisilymore noisilymost noisily特別提醒:

7、early -earlier-earliest7.由ING分詞和ED分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動詞如 know/known)只能加more或most來表示它們的比較級和最高級。原級比較級最高級interestingmore interestingmost interestingexcitedmore excitedmost excitingtiredmore tiredmost tiredboringmore boringmost boring不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostl

8、ittlelessleastfarfarther/furth erfarthest/furthe stoldolder/elderoldest/eldest特別提醒:further不僅可以指“距離更遠(yuǎn)”,還可指“程度更深”記住以下三個詞組:further study( 進(jìn)修)further education( 繼續(xù)教育)further information ( 進(jìn)一步的信息)elder 僅用于同輩之間的排行,如:elder sister( 姐姐)elder brother ( 哥 哥) less作為“更少”僅用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞,修飾可數(shù)名詞表示“更少”要用 fewer 。以下內(nèi)容不作為初中

9、英語教學(xué)內(nèi)容,僅供拓展之用。少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞前面加 more, most構(gòu)成比較級和最高級,這類形容詞一般 為表語形容詞和由過去分詞變成的形容詞。afraid more afraid, most afraidtired more tired , most tiredfond more fond , most fondglad more glad , most gladbored more bored , most boredpleasedmore pleased , most pleased下列形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級有兩種形式,即:既可加 -er/-est也可加 more/mostcruel

10、, strict, often, friendly, clever下列形容詞和副詞沒有比較級和最高(即表示“最高程度”或“絕對狀態(tài)”的形容詞和副詞沒有比較級和最高級)empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely .形容詞副詞比較級最高級使用注意事項(xiàng)比較應(yīng)在同類事物之間進(jìn)行。誤: Your English is better than me.正: Your English is better than mine.比較級前可以有一個表示程度的狀語,最常見的三

11、大修飾詞是:a little,much, even 。以下單詞也可用來修飾:any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。My sister is a little taller than me.Their house is much larger than ours.另外,名詞短語也可修飾比較級,說明程度。I m three years older than he.特別提醒:very, quite, too 不可修飾比較級。避免重復(fù)使用比較級。誤:He is more kinder to small animals than I.正:He is much kinde

12、r to small animals than I.誤: He is more cleverer than his brother.正: He is cleverer than his brother.比較要符合邏輯,在同一范圍內(nèi)比較時,避免將主語含在比較對象中, 這時需使用other 來排除自身。誤: China is larger that any country in Asia.正: China is larger than any other country in Asia.誤: John studies harder than any student in his class.正:

13、John studies harder than any other student in his class.正: John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.正: John studies harder than anyone else in his class.比較要遵循前后一致的原則,注意前后呼應(yīng)。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it o

14、ut.序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。Africa is the second largest continent.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.為避免重復(fù),我們通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞,those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。one既可指人 又可指物,只能代替可數(shù)名詞。The weather in China is different from

15、that in America.The book on the table is more interesting than that( 或 the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.誤: In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.正: In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. “否定詞+比較級”相當(dāng)于最高級。Wa

16、it until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me.Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.比較級前一般不加冠詞。但表示兩者中較突出者,且比較級后又有名詞或出現(xiàn)了of the two ,這時比較級前一定要加the 。He is the taller of the two.Of the two jobs , he ch

17、ose the harder.Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?試比較:Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.不含than的比較級前可加不定冠詞修飾,構(gòu)成“ a/an+比較級+單數(shù)可數(shù) 名詞”表示“一個更的人/物”。Why don t you use a sharper kni

18、fe? 你為什么不用一把更鋒利的刀呢?比較級than后應(yīng)用人稱代詞的主格,但非正式語體中常用賓格。He is taller than I/me.為避免重復(fù),比較級中同樣的動詞用助動詞do, does, did 替代。I spend less time doing homework than John does.She tells more funny jokes than we do.以下內(nèi)容不是初中教學(xué)的重點(diǎn),僅供拓展之用。形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義,只表示“非常”。It is a most important problem. =It is a very import

19、ant problem.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(高)/這座新樓比那座舊樓大(高)三倍。 A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/ 亞洲比歐洲大三倍。 A is

20、 three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours. 你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三 倍。用 times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上,兩倍可以用twice 或 double.形容詞副詞比較級最高級重點(diǎn)句型歸納句型一:形容詞或副詞比較級+than注意事項(xiàng):該句型為比較級的最基本句型。只要看到than,即可確定前面使用比較級。He is taller than I am.The boy does his homework more carefully

21、than the girl.句型二:less + 形容詞的原級+ than注意事項(xiàng):該句型表示“不如、不及”,特別需要注意的是, less 本身就是little 的比較級,后面必須跟形容詞的原級,否定就造成了比較級的重復(fù)使用。This computer is less expensive than that one.句型三:as +形容詞或副詞的原級+ as注意事項(xiàng):該句型表示對比的兩者程度相當(dāng),as 之間必須跟形容詞或副詞的原級,決不能使用比較級。此外, 還要確定使用形容詞還是副詞。確定的依據(jù)就是根據(jù)第一個 as 前的動詞,如果是系動詞(如be, 感官動詞look, sound, smell

22、, taste,feel 等),那么就用形容詞的原級,如果前面的動詞是一般的實(shí)義動詞,那么就必須用副詞的原級修飾動詞。This lesson is as easy as that one.Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.特別提醒:asias之間也可以跟名詞,句型如下: as + 形容詞 + a/an + 單數(shù)名詞+asHe is as kind a person as his father.他和他爸爸一樣都是善良的人。as + many/much+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as你能搬多少紙,我也能。我的書和你的一樣多。我

23、們將盡我們所能給你幫助。I can carry as much paper as you can.I have as many books as you do.We ll give you as much help as we can.其它幾個關(guān)于as- as的句型:as as o ne can: 盡其所能He began to run as fast as he could.as as possible :盡可能Please help us as quickly as possible.as soon as 一就He will call me as soon as he comes here

24、.句型四:not as/so + 形容詞或副詞的原級+ as注意事項(xiàng):該句型表示“前者不如后者:往往可以與句型一和句型二替換。第 個 as 可以換為so。This classroom is not as bright as yours.I cannot run as fast as you.句型五:the +形容詞或副詞最高級+ in / of/ among + 比較范圍注意事項(xiàng):如果這里為副詞最高級,前面的 the 常常省略。介詞 in 和 of 的用法完全不一樣。 in 表示“在某一范圍內(nèi)”,如: in the classroom , in the world 。 of表示“在同類之間”,

25、 of 后面的詞與主語同類,另名詞前一般有冠詞the。 among表示“在(三者或三者以上)之間",among后接代詞或沒有修飾語的名詞。The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country.Peter is the tallest of the six students.This picture is the most beautiful among these.句型六:one of + 形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式注意事項(xiàng):one of 有三大考點(diǎn):1. 后跟形容詞最高級;2. 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式;3.作主語時主語為

26、one,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.句型七:比較級+and +比較級/ more and more + 多音節(jié)詞的原級注意事項(xiàng):該句型表示“越來越”,如果該形容詞比較級構(gòu)成形式加er,則用前面的句型;如果該形容詞比較級加more構(gòu)成,則用后面的句型。It is getting hotter and hotter.The girl is becoming more and more beautiful.句型八:the +比較級+,the +比較級+注意事項(xiàng):該句型意思為“越就越”,表示兩種情況同時變化。The more you eat, the fatter you will be.In the test, the more careful you are, t

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