四級(jí)語(yǔ)法講解(時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)) (1)

1、外院劉婷外援邦幫棒地科外援邦幫棒地科2 2班四級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)班四級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)講解資料講解資料內(nèi)容提要內(nèi)容提要時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞虛擬語(yǔ)氣各類(lèi)從句特殊句型1時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)基本時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在 過(guò)去 將來(lái) 過(guò)去將來(lái)一般 do/does did will/shall do would/should do進(jìn)行 am/is/are doing was/were doing will/shall be doing would/should be doing完成 has/have done had done will/shall have done would/should have done完成進(jìn)行 has/have been d

2、oing had been doing will/shall have been doing would/should have been doing考察重點(diǎn)1.1 一般時(shí)態(tài)1.2 進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)1.3 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.4 過(guò)去完成時(shí)1.5 將來(lái)完成 1.1.1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：do / does特點(diǎn)：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)e.g：He goes to work every day. Does he go to work every day?They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _their exams.

3、A . h a v e f i n i s h e d B . f i n i s hC . f i n i s h e d D . w a s f i n i s h i n gKEY: BWhen the mixture _, it will give off a powerful force.A . w i l l h e a t B . w i l l b e h e a t e dC . i s h e a t e d D . h a s h e a t e dKEY: C1.1.2 一般過(guò)去時(shí)Youve already missed too many classes this te

4、rm.You _two classes just last week. A . m i s s e d B . w o u l d m i s sC . h a d m i s s e d D . h a v e m i s s e dKEY:A重點(diǎn)句型It is (high) time (that)句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)。Dont you think it is time you_ smoking?A. give upB. gave upC. would give upD. should give upKEY：B 1.1.3 一般將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)與句型will(shall)+doe.g. Wil

5、l you go to cinema tomorrow?be going to +doe.g. Are you going to attend the lecture?be to +do 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作有計(jì)劃地發(fā)生e.g. The road is to open to traffic.be about to + do 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生e.g. The lecture is about to begin.1.2 現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可表將來(lái)有此功能的有： come, arrive，go, leave, startWe will leave for USA tomorrow.We are leaving f

6、or USA tomorrow.1.3 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別1.3.1 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去常用since引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句，或由for引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)連用。結(jié)構(gòu)： has/have doneHe has lived here for 30 years.They have known each other since childhood.1.3.2 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)動(dòng)作， 這個(gè)動(dòng)作一般會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，或是到說(shuō)話時(shí)結(jié)束，但是強(qiáng)調(diào)到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止一直在做的動(dòng)作。結(jié)構(gòu)：has/have been doing特點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)

7、作的持續(xù)Compare：I have studied English for years.I have been studying English for years.I _on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.A. was knockingB. am knockingC. knockingD. have been knockingKEY: D1.4 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作。這個(gè)過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間可用by, before等介詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)從句來(lái)表示。結(jié)構(gòu)： had done特點(diǎn)：過(guò)去的過(guò)去e.

8、g.They had fulfilled their yearly plan by the end of November.When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week, I was told she _two days before.A. has left B. was leavingC. would leave D. had leftKEY: D過(guò)去完成時(shí)用在以下句型時(shí)，要用倒裝句型：no sooner than,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,barelywhenNo sooner had we sat down _we found

9、it was time to go .A. than B. whenC. as D. whileKEY：A1.5 將來(lái)完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)： will have done特點(diǎn)：在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前完成動(dòng)作e.g.By the time next year, I shall(will) have lived here for 20 years.By the time John gets home, his aunt _.A. will leaveB. leavesC. will have leftD. is leavingKEY: 被被 動(dòng)動(dòng) 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 態(tài)態(tài)現(xiàn)在 過(guò)去 將來(lái) 過(guò)去將來(lái)一般 am/is/are d

10、one was/were done will/shall be done would/should be done進(jìn)行 am/is/are being done was/were being done will/shall be being done would/should be being done完成 has/have been done had been done will/shall have been done would/should have been done完成進(jìn)行 has/have been being done had been being done will/shal

11、l have been being done would/should have been being done考察重點(diǎn)1.1 感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.2 固定搭配的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.3 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.4 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)1.1 感官動(dòng)詞及使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用的感官動(dòng)詞有：look, see, watch, observe, listen, hear, feel, realize, aware, notice, touch, taste, smell常用的使役動(dòng)詞有：make, let, have, get 使用規(guī)律：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不用to被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加toThe middle-aged man was seen _ out ofthe house on the afternoon of the murder.A. came B. comeC. to come D. have comeKEY：C1.2 固定搭配的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)固定搭配中的介詞若省掉，將會(huì)改變?cè)涞暮x。e.g.The children are well looked after.The doctor has been sent for.1.3 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be +過(guò)去分詞。e.g.The work must be finished before lunch.Nothing can b