新概念英語第二冊語法精粹：名詞性從句(3)賓語從句

1、新概念英語第二冊語法精粹：名詞性從句（ 3）賓語從句（三）賓語從句：在復合句中充當賓語。1. that 引導賓語從句時無含義，不充當成分，常省略。that 不引導介詞的賓語從句，至于 except that, in that, save that, but that 等是復合從屬連詞。I know （that） you have met him.Let's suppose that one day this happens to you.在及物動詞和賓語從句之間常有間接賓語（指人）。例如：I told him （that） he was wrong.在少數(shù)動詞如： think, bel

2、ieve, suppose, expect, imagine, calculate, fancy, reckon, be supposed , seem, appear, feel as if, look as if, look like 等后面的從句中的否定詞經(jīng)常轉移到主句 謂語動詞上，這叫否定前置/否定轉移。（hope “希望”，guess “認 為”后的賓語從句否定不前置。 I hope not. “我希望不是那樣的”， 是 I hope so. 的否定式。 I don't hope so. 是對 hope 的否定：“我不 希望如此”。）如：I don't think i

3、t will be very cold today.I don't think you are right.I don't believe he has finished his work. 非必須否定轉移。若需要強調從句的否定時就不作轉移 不可把所有可否定轉移動詞的否定句都理解為否定賓語從句，要根 據(jù)句意或語境而定。I don't think diplomacy is a field for private enterprise.We didn't think we'd be this late. 當 think 用在疑問句中，或主句中的謂語動詞與狀語

4、連用，或主句中的謂語動詞被 do 強調時，不能否定轉移。Why do you think we can't change your note?I do believe Tom never tells a lie.They still didn't believe that the food would come.I can't believe that they are married. 否定轉移多用在主句動詞為一般現(xiàn)在時的情況。主句動詞為一般過去時、過去完成時、過去實行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn) 在完成實行時，或主句動詞與情態(tài)動詞連用，就不能否定轉移。此時 若主句動詞為否定，

5、應考慮是否是對主句動詞的否定。I had thought that he would not come.我已經(jīng)想到了他不能來了。 當賓語從句中有 no, never, hardly, not at all, not a bit,not.enough, can't help doing等時不能否定轉移。I think I can't help laughing if I see it.I believe he never tells a lie.很多帶賓語補足語的句子要用 it 作形式賓語，而把賓語從句置于 句尾。We think it wrong that he told a

6、lie to everyone.We thought it a pity that she should have missed the chance.2. whether, if 引導賓語從句：表示“是否”可互換，口語中常用 if 。He asked if she would come.注意下列情況下 whether 不可用 if 換：1) 引導主語從句置于句首時。2) whether 后沒有單詞間隔而直接跟 or not 時。I don't know whether or not he will come.3) whether 從句作介詞賓語時。They are talking a

7、bout whether he will win the game.Everything depends on whether you agree with us.4) whether 后接不定式時。I don't know whether to attend the meeting.5) 動詞 discuss, decide 的賓語從句時。3. 連接代詞 what, who, whose 等引導的賓語從句。Tell me what you want.Do you know who will come at the meeting?注意：who, whom按照傳統(tǒng)語法，從句中 who所

8、取代的名詞如果是賓 語應用賓格whom但在口語中常用 who,如：Do you know whom (who) he will invite?whose, which, what 三個詞都帶有形容詞性質。 whose表示所有, 意為“誰的”； which 意為“哪一個”， what 意為“什么”。如：Whose book it is not important.Please tell me which school you want to go.He didn't know what time it was.一般說來， which 指的是在一個具體的、較明確的、有限的、較小 范圍；而

9、what 則指較廣的或不明確的范圍。如： which food ，說話人 一般指眼前的或明確范圍的幾種 food ；what food 則指很多 food ，而 且說話人心中沒有數(shù)。I don't know which / what food you want.如果范圍較大或者沒有什么范圍，用 what food 。4. 連接副詞 when, where, why, how 引導的賓語從句。I don't know when the meeting will be held.Please tell me where I can find Tom.He explained to

10、me why he was absent from the meeting.Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?5. 可用 whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever 等引 導賓語從句。Please write down whatever he is saying.I don't know whoever will come.I'll do whatever you ask me to.6. 表示愛憎情感的動詞，如： enjoy, hate, love, like,

11、 dislike, don't mind, resent, appreciate （感激）等以及某些介詞結尾的短 語動詞如： count on, depend on, rely on, see to, look forwardto, be fond of, feel like, see to 等后，即使沒有賓補也要先接形 式賓語 it ，再接賓語從句。I like it when she smiles at me.I love it when you sing.I hate it if I am spoken to loudly in public.除了 but, besides, e

12、xcept, in, save, beyond 六個介詞后跟 that 引導的賓語從句外，其他介詞都不能。 in that 是“因為”的意思，其 余五個與that搭配都是“除了”。專項訓練：1 、Do you know how much hot water ?A.Mum is needed B.does Mum need C.Mum needs D.did Mum need2 、Can you tell me ?A.where he is B.where is he C.he is where D.what is he3 、I didn't know how to London?A.w

13、ould they go B.are they going C.they would goD.they are going4 、I want to know how long .A.has he been back B.has he come back C.he has been backD.he has come back5 、 Do you know ?A.what the news are B.what is the news C.what the news is D.what are the news6 、 He said he would help me with my maths if he free.A.was B.will be C.would be D.is7 、 He will write to you as soon as he to Shanghai.A.gets B.is getting C.will get D.shall get8 、 Father music when he youngA.liked was B.liked is C.likeswas D.likes is9 、I liked sports I was youn